Radon (222Rn) outgassing in San Juan volcanic tubes during the Cumbre Vieja eruption 2021, and preliminary values in the newly volcanic tubes.

During the eruption at Cumbre Vieja ridge (La Palma, Canary Islands, 2021) a radon (222Rn) detector (CORENTIUM Pro alpha particles counter) was emplaced inside the Las Palomas lava tube (San Juan eruption, 1949). In addition, a CO2 meter logger was emplaced to determine relationships between the 2021 eruption and radon plus CO2 inner fluxes. There is a geostructural relationship between the 1949 and 2021 eruptions, probably connected by a previous fault, shown the volcanic vents¿ alignment trending NW-SE. In October 2021, the radon and CO2 loggers were moved to the upper part of the lava tube, in the San Juan volcanic vent (Llano del Banco hollow dyke). Once the eruption ended (in early 2022) both loggers were placed in one newly formed lava tube, and data will be collected in February 2023. Preliminary results show daily average radon values ranging between 2 - 9 Bq/m3, although sporadic peaks of about 270 and 650 Bq/m3 were recorded related to volcano-tectonic earthquakes and volcanic intensity. In general, basaltic eruptions of alkaline affinity show low radon values due to the low concentration in the magma body of uranium and related chemical elements (Th, Ra, etc.). Geochemical analysis of emitted lavas shows a U concentration of about 1 to 5 ppm (g/g) and Th 9.5 ppm. Summer values of Rn increased up to 3 KBq/m3, related to the climate conditions instead of volcanic activity

Dyslipidemia and inflammation as hallmarks of oxidative stress in COVID-19: a follow-up study

Producción CientíficaRecent works have demonstrated a significant reduction in cholesterol levels and increased oxidative stress in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The cause of this alteration is not well known. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate their possible association during the evolution of COVID-19. This is an observational prospective study. The primary endpoint was to analyze the association between lipid peroxidation, lipid, and inflammatory profiles in COVID-19 patients. A multivariate regression analysis was employed. The secondary endpoint included the long-term follow-up of lipid profiles. COVID-19 patients presented significantly lower values in their lipid profile (total, low, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) with greater oxidative stress and inflammatory response compared to the healthy controls. Lipid peroxidation was the unique oxidative parameter with a significant association with the total cholesterol (OR: 0.982; 95% CI: 0.969–0.996; p = 0.012), IL1-RA (OR: 0.999; 95% CI: 0.998–0.999; p = 0.021) IL-6 (OR: 1.062; 95% CI: 1.017–1.110; p = 0.007), IL-7 (OR: 0.653; 95% CI: 0.433–0.986; p = 0.042) and IL-17 (OR: 1.098; 95% CI: 1.010–1.193; p = 0.028). Lipid abnormalities recovered after the initial insult during long-term follow-up (IQR 514 days); however, those with high LPO levels at hospital admission had, during long-term follow-up, an atherogenic lipid profile. Our study suggests that oxidative stress in COVID-19 is associated with derangements of the lipid profile and inflammation. Survivors experienced a recovery in their lipid profiles during long-term follow-up, but those with stronger oxidative responses had an atherogenic lipid profile.Instituto de Salud Carlos III - (grant CB21/13/00051 and COV20/00491)Junta de Castilla y León - (grant 18IGOF

Exercise Ventilatory Inefficiency in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Insights from a Prospective Evaluation

The present study was partially granted by Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León under grant number GRS COVID 111/A/20 and a grant from the Spanish Society of Cardiology SEC/FEC-INVCLI 2.Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic disease characterized by a disproportionate inflammatory response in the acute phase. This study sought to identify clinical sequelae and their potential mechanism. Methods: We conducted a prospective single-center study (NCT04689490) of previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without dyspnea during mid-term follow-up. An outpatient group was also evaluated. They underwent serial testing with a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), transthoracic echocardiogram, pulmonary lung test, six-minute walking test, serum biomarker analysis, and quality of life questionaries. Results: Patients with dyspnea (n = 41, 58.6%), compared with asymptomatic patients (n = 29, 41.4%), had a higher proportion of females (73.2 vs. 51.7%; p = 0.065) with comparable age and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. There were no significant differences in the transthoracic echocardiogram and pulmonary function test. Patients who complained of persistent dyspnea had a significant decline in predicted peak VO2 consumption (77.8 (64–92.5) vs. 99 (88–105); p 50% of COVID-19 survivors present a symptomatic functional impairment irrespective of age or prior hospitalization. Our findings suggest a potential ventilation/perfusion mismatch or hyperventilation syndrome.Fac. de MedicinaTRUEJunta de Castilla y León. Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y LeónSociedad Española de Cardiologíapu

Radon emission in San Juan tubes during the Cumbre Vieja eruption (2021).

Resúmen de la comunicación presentada en el XI Congreso Geológico de España, Ávila, 2-6 de julio 2024[EN]: During the volcanic eruption at the Cumbre Vieja in La Palma, Canary Islands (2021), a radon (222Rn) detector was placed inside the "Las Palomas" lava tube, which had been formed during the San Juan eruption (1949), close to 1 km of distance from the main vent. Additionally, a CO2 logger was deployed to investigate the relationships between the inner fluxes of radon and CO2. A geostructural connection between the 1949 and 2021 eruptions is suggested, possibly linked by a pre-existing fault, as evidenced by the alignment of volcanic vents trending NW-SE. In October 2021, the loggers were relocated to the upper part of the lava tube, specifically within the San Juan volcanic vent (Llano del Banco hollow dyke). Preliminary results indicate daily average radon values ranging between 2 and 9 Bq/m3 . However, sporadic peaks reaching approximately 270 and 650 Bq/m3 were recorded, correlating with volcano-tectonic earthquakes and variations in volcanic intensity. Geochemical analysis of emitted lavas reveals a uranium (238U) concentration of about 1 to 5 μg/g and a thorium (232Th) concentration of 9.5 μg/g. Following the conclusion of the eruption in early 2022, both loggers were transferred to a newly formed lava tube. Summer radon values increased up to 3 kBq/m3 , attributed to climatic conditions and poor ventilation rather than postvolcanic activity.[ES]: Durante la reciente erupción volcánica de Cumbre Vieja, en 2021, en La Palma (Islas Canarias, España), se introdujeron varios detectores de CO2 y radón ( 222Rn) en los tubos lávicos formados en la erupción del San Juan (1949). Suponiendo una conexión estructural entre ambas erupciones, marcadas por el alineamiento de centros eruptivos según una dirección NW-SE, colocamos los medidores en el tubo lávico de Las Palomas y en la parte superior del Llano del Banco a escasos 1.000 m de la erupción. Los valores registrados son muy bajos, oscilando entre 2 y 9 Bq/m3 . Sin embargo, picos episódicos entre 270 y 650 Bq/m3 se registraron en relación con los terremotos volcano-tectónicos durante la erupción, con una correlación clara con la emisión de CO2. Análisis geoquímicos de lavas durante la erupción muestra valores de uranio ( 238U) bajos oscilando entre 1 y 5 μg/g, así como un valor máximo de torio ( 232Th) de 9.5 μg/g. Una vez la erupción concluyó, se desplazaron los sensores a los recién formados tubos lávicos. En verano los valores de radón aumentaron hasta 3 kBq/m3 , atribuidos más en relación con las condiciones climáticas de baja ventilación que con procesos post eruptivosResearch partially funded by the MICIN Project PID2020-113407RBI00 and the Microlava project PROYEXCEL_00185) funded by the Andalusia Regional Government.N

Radon (222Rn) outgassing in San Juan volcanic tubes during the Cumbre Vieja eruption 2021, and preliminary values in the new volcanic tubes

Comunicación oral presentada en el 1st European Meeting on Geomicrobiology of volcanic caves. días 2-3 de marzo de 2023 celebrado en la Casa de la Ciencia-CSIC de SevillaDuring the eruption at Cumbre Vieja ridge (La Palma, Canary Islands, 2021) a radon (222Rn) detector (CORENTIUM Pro alpha particles counter) was emplaced inside the “Las Palomas” lava tube (San Juan eruption, 1949). In addition, a CO2 meter logger was emplaced to determine relationships between the 2021 eruption and radon plus CO2 inner fluxes. There is a geostructural relationship between the 1949 and 2021 eruptions, probably connected by a previous fault, shown the volcanic vents’ alignment trending NW-SE. In October 2021, the radon and CO2 loggers were moved to the upper part of the lava tube, in the San Juan volcanic vent (Llano del Banco hollow dyke). Once the eruption ended (in early 2022) both loggers were placed in one newly formed lava tube, and data will be collected in February 2023. Preliminary results show daily average radon values ranging between 2 - 9 Bq/m3, although sporadic peaks of about 270 and 650 Bq/m3 were recorded related to volcano-tectonic earthquakes and volcanic intensity. In general, basaltic eruptions of alkaline affinity show low radon values due to the low concentration in the magma body of uranium and related chemical elements (Th, Ra, etc.). Geochemical analysis of emitted lavas shows a U concentration of about 1 to 5 ppm (μg/g) and Th 9.5 ppm. Summer values of Rn increased up to 3 KBq/m3, related to the climate conditions instead of volcanic activity.This study was funded by the project CSIC 20223PAL002 “Investigación Geológica de la Erupción de 2021 en Cumbre Vieja” and partially by the project FAMRAD (PID2020-113407RB-I00): Geochemical modeling of seismic prediction from endogenous gas emission (222Rn, CO2, CH4), and earthquakes by using radioactive caves and boreholes in the Alhama de Murcia fault.N

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Geochemistry of the intrusive salic rocks of the south of Tenerife Island

En el sur de la isla de Tenerife, en el Edificio Roque del Conde, se encuentran estructuras en forma de domo denominadas “Roques", formadas por rocas intrusivas sálicas de composiciones ácidas e intermedias, fuertemente y moderadamente alcalinas: traquiandesitas, fonolitas y traquitas. Algunos de los roques son homogéneos composicionalmente, mientras que otros varían de composición de unas zonas a otras. Las traquiandesitas siguen pautas composicionales lineales con las rocas más básicas del edificio Roque del Conde y parecen haberse formado por un proceso de cristalización fraccionada relativamente sencillo y continuo. Las traquitas y las fonolitas siguen pautas composicionales diferentes a las anteriores. Están también esencialmente controladas por procesos de cristalización fraccionada, en los que las plagioclasas y los feldespatos potásicos, en diferentes proporciones según los casos, son las fases principales extraídas. Las fases accesorias, como la titanomagnetita, la esfena y el apatito, y el anfíbol han tenido también un papel importante en estos procesosIn Roque del Conde Old Edifice at the south of Tenerife Island there are domatic structures called “roques " that are formed by intrusive salic rocks of acidic and intermediate compositions, and alkaline and strongly alkaline: trachyandesites, phonolites and trachytes. Some of the roques are compositionally homogeneous whereas others have a compositional variation in different zones. Trachyandesites follow a lineal pattern with the most basic rocks of Roque del Conde edifice and have been formed by a process of fractional crystallization. Trachytes and phonolites follow different patterns from the former. They are essentially controlled by fractional crystallization processes, where plagioclase and K-feldspars are the main removed phases. Accessory phases like Ti-magnetite, sphene and apatite, or amphibole have also an important role in these processe

Mineralogy of the intrusive salic rocks of the south of Tenerife Island

En el Edificio mioceno de Roque del Conde, en el sur de la isla de Tenerife, aparecen varias estructuras abovedadas que dan lugar a singulares morfologías de “roques". Se trata de traquiandesitas, traquitasy fonolitas constituidas por fenocristales de feldespatos y clinopiroxenos y, ocasionalmente también de anfíboles y feldespatoides, en una matriz de similar composición. Los feldespatos son esencialmente anortoclasas y sanidinas ricas en sodio, estando las plagioclasas restringidas a las rocas traquiandesíticas. Los clinopiroxenos son muy variados composicionalmente, observándose un enriquecimiento en el contenido en FeO de los mismos a medida que la roca es más evolucionada. En general, se trata de diópsidosyaugitas, siendo hedenbergitas en las rocas traquíticas. En algunos de los roques los piroxenos son egirínicos. Los anfíboles están frecuentemente transfomados a minerales anhidros y son bastante variados: magnesio-hastingsitas, pargasitas, ferropargasitas y kaersutitas. Los feldespatoides aparecen sólo en las fonolitas y son nefelinas y sodalitas Se han determinado las condiciones de formación de los minerales máficos, obteniéndose temperaturas de unos 1000°C para los anfíboles y 870°C para los piroxenos y presiones similares para ambos (unos 3kbar) lo que indicaría que estas rocas se habrían formado en los niveles inferiores de la corteza de la islaAt the south of Tenerife island on the Miocene Roque del Conde Old Edifice emerge various domed structures that form singular morphologies of " roques". They are trachyandesites, trachytes and phonolites composed by phenocrysts of feld sparsanddino pyroxenes, occasion ally with amphiboles and feldspathoids in a groundmass of similar composition. Feldspars are essentially sodium-rich sanidine and anorthoclase. Plagioclase is restricted to trachyandesitic rocks. Clinopyroxenes have a strong variation in their composition and can be observed an enrichment in the FeO content with the moste volved rocks. Generally, clinopyroxenes are diopside and augite, whereas hedenbergites appear in trachytic rocks. In some of the roques clinopyroxenes are egirinic. Amphiboles are frequently transformed to anhydrous minerals and have a broad compositional range: magnesiumhastingsites, pargasites, ferropargasites and kaersutites. Feldspathoids are restricted to phonolites and are nephelines and sodalites. It has been determ in ed th e form atio n c o n d itio n s o f m a fic m in erals: tem pe ra tu res a ro u n d 1000°C for amphiboles and 870°C for clinopyroxenes with similar pressure for both (around 3kbar), which indicate that these rocks could have been for medin low deep crust levels of the islan