Effects of introduced salmonids on macroinvertebrate communities of mountain ponds in the Iberian system of Spain

Effects of introduced salmonids on macroinvertebrate communities of mountain ponds in the Iberian system of Spain This study aimed to assess the impact of salmonid stocking on macrobenthic communities in Spanish mountain ponds. Macroinvertebrates were collected with a hand net folIowing a multihabitat, time-limited sampling in eight ponds (four of them stocked with salmonids and four non-stocked) in the lberian system. A number of macroinvertebrate-based metrics, as welI as several physical and chemical variables, were measured and compared between stocked and non-stocked sites. We hypothesised that stocked ponds would have lower abundances and richness of large and mobile taxa and higher amounts of phosphorus in the water column than non-stocked ones. The results proved that macroinvertebrates were adversely affected by salmonid introductions and might be appropriate indicators of this type of impact. Total richness (both measured and estimated) and diversity were significantly lower in disturbed ponds. Coleoptera, Trichoptera and Heteroptera, large and mobile taxa, were particularly sensitive to the impact. No significant differences in nutrients were detected, although total phosphorus concentrations were usually higher in stocked ponds.El objetivo de este estudio fue testar el impacto de la introducción de salmón idos sobre las comunidades de maeroinvertebra-dos de un conjunto de lagunas de montaña en el noreste de la Península Ibérica. Los macroinvertebrados fueron colectados con una red de mano siguiendo un muestreo de tipo multihábitat, con un determinado tiempo limitado de muestreo en ocho lagunas (cuatro de ellas con introducción de salmón idos y otras cuatro sin dicho impacto) del sistema ibérico. Se compararon características físicas, variables químicas y atributos de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados entre los dos grupos de lagunas (con introducción y sin introducción de salmón idos ). Partimos de la hipótesis de que en aquellas lagunas en las que se habían introducido salmónidos nos encontraríamos con baja abundancia y riqueza de taxones de macroinvertebrados móviles y de gran tamaño, así como de altas concentraciones de fósforo en la columna de agua. Los resultados mostraron que la co-munidad de macroivertebrados se vio seriamente afectada por la introducción de salmónidos y que podrían ser indicadores apropiados de ese tipo de impacto. Riqueza total (tanto medida como estimada) y diversidad de macroinvertebradosfueron significativamente más bajas en lagunas en las que se llevó a cabo las introducciones de salmón idos. Coleoptera, Trichoptera y Heteroptera, taxones grandes y móviles, fueron particularmente sensibles a dicho impacto. La concentración de fósforo fue usualmente más elevada en aquellas lagunas que habían sufrido la introducción de salmón idos aunque las diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas

Attitudes, perceptions and practices of influenza vaccination in the adult population: Results of a cross-sectional survey in Spain

Producción CientíficaIn Spain, the 2021/22 influenza season overlapped with the sixth wave of the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). Influenza is a major public health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this study were to determine the knowledge, perceptions and practices of influenza vaccination in the Spanish population, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, with special attention paid to people over 65 years of age. A cross-sectional study was carried out by conducting 2211 telephone interviews. It was observed that 81.6% of people ≥ 65 years were vaccinated annually or with some frequency compared to 35.5% of those under 65 years (p < 0.001). Fifty percent of Spaniards showed an intention to be vaccinated in the 2021/22 campaign, during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. In the case of people ≥ 65 years old, this figure was 83% compared to 42% of those under 65 years old (p < 0.001). Significant predictors of intention to be vaccinated were age of 65 years or older (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.5), female sex (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5–2.4), belonging to risk groups (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.6–3.1) and having been previously vaccinated (OR 29.7, 95% CI 22.5–39.2). The main reasons for deciding to be vaccinated were the need to be protected against the virus and to be vaccinated annually. On the other hand, lack of recommendation and considering the influenza vaccine as not necessary were the main reasons for not getting vaccinated. In addition, health personnel stood out as the main source of information (32.9%) compared to traditional media (26.9%) and public administration (12.3%). This study aimed to assess and analyse the factors influencing willingness to receive influenza vaccines in the COVID-19 era among Spanish adults, as well as the main information channels and strategies to encourage vaccination

Primary care randomized clinical trial: manual therapy effectiveness in comparison with TENS in patients with neck pain

This study investigated effectiveness of manual therapy (MT) with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to reduce pain intensity in patients with mechanical neck disorder (MND). A randomized multi-centered controlled clinical trial was performed in 12 Primary Care Physiotherapy Units in Madrid Region. Ninety patients were included with diagnoses of subacute or chronic MND without neurological damage, 47 patients received MT and 43 TENS. The primary outcome was pain intensity measured in millimeters using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Also disability, quality of life, adverse effects and sociodemographic and prognosis variables were measured. Three evaluations were performed (before, when the procedure ?nished and six months after). Seventy-one patients (79%) completed the follow-up measurement at six months. In more than half of the treated patients the procedure had a clinically relevant ?short term? result after having ended the intervention, when either MT or TENS was used. The success rate decreased to one-third of the patients 6 months after the intervention. No differences can be found in the reduction of pain, in the decrease of disability nor in the quality of life between both therapies. Both analyzed physiotherapy techniques produce a short-term pain reduction that is clinically relevant.Ministerio de SanidadInstituto de Salud Carlos II

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p &lt; 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Aceite de oliva virgen con características sensoriales modificadas y procedimiento de obtención

Referencia OEPM: P200301350.-- Fecha de solicitud: 06/06/2003.-- Titular: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).Aceite de oliva virgen con características sensoriales modificadas y procedimiento de obtención (ver figura en archivo de texto adjunto). El objeto de la presente invención es un aceite de oliva virgen con características sensoriales (color y sabor principalmente) modificadas y su procedimiento de obtención. La presente invención permite modular la intensidad de los atributos que determinan la calidad sensorial del aceite de oliva virgen mediante la reducción de atributos como el amargor y el picante, o el aroma a hierba, y el aumento de su aroma frutado y de su contenido en clorofilas y carotenos sin que se afecten significativamente los parámetros que definen su categoría comercial. El procedimiento para la obtención de dicho aceite se diferencia del habitual en la aplicación de un tratamiento térmico a las aceitunas antes de su molienda, lo cual da lugar adicionalmente a una mejora en el rendimiento de extracción de aceite.Peer reviewe

Vivir.com

Se desarrolla un proyecto de innovación educativa que pretende mejorar la comunicación, el trato y el respeto entre iguales, fomentando la convivencia y ayudando a detectar y afrontar problemas básicos en resolución de conflictos desde la práctica educativa diaria. El plan de trabajo se adapta a las necesidades del colegio con la organización de los recursos humanos y materiales. El proyecto se desarrolla en todos los cursos y niveles del centro implicando a toda la comunidad educativa y especialmente a las familias. En una primera fase se han llevado a acabo actividades de toma de contacto, sensibilización y formación de profesores, padres y alumnos. En una segunda fase, se desarrollan las actividades más participativas dirigidas a los alumnos en los diferentes niveles educativos. Y por último en una tercera fase, el inicio de las tutorías y actividades más específicas, con futura continuidad en los conocimientos básicos para la futura mediación entre iguales como estrategia en la resolución de conflictos en educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria. La metodología es fundamentalmente es activa, donde el profesorado y el alumnado son protagonistas del proceso de creación, desarrollo y aprendizaje. Los principios metodológicos utilizados son comunes a todas las actuaciones pedagógicas como trabajar la adquisición de estrategias de exploración y descubrimiento en el proceso de construcción de los conocimientos, partir de los conocimientos previos y aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías a la educación. Tras la aplicación del proyecto se ha dado una respuesta para favorecer el aprendizaje de loa alumnos y alumnas y se ha fomentado el trabajo en equipo. Se han desarrollado actitudes de respeto y valoración positiva adecuados a las necesidades educativas diarias en relación al trato con iguales, respeto sentimientos y empatía.Castilla y LeónConsejería de Educación. Dirección General de Universidades e Investigación; Monasterio de Nuestra Señora de Prado, Autovía Puente Colgante s. n.; 47071 Valladolid; +34983411881; +34983411939ES

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization

IV Congreso de Educación Matemática de AGAPEMA : 26, 27 e 28 de xuño de 2008. IES Francisco Aguiar - Betanzos. 'IV Congreso de Educación Matemática de AGAPEMA : 26, 27 y 28 de junio de 2008. IES Francisco Aguiar - Betanzos'

Resumen basado en el de la publicación. Número especial de la revista GAMMA para el IV Congresos de AGAPEMASe recogen las actas del IV Congresos de Educación Matemática, organizados por la Asociación Galega de Profesores de Educación Matemática (AGAPEMA). Las actas muestran diferentes trabajos que tratan la enseñanza de las matemáticas desde distintos ámbitos y puntos de vista. Se tratan temas relacionados con la educación matemática tales como: la equidad; el currículo; la enseñanza; el aprendizaje; la evaluación; y la tecnología.GaliciaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín 5 -3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women