Aplikasi Teknik Molekuler Untuk Analisis Genetik Tomato Leaf Curl Virus

Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) merupakan salah satu virus dalamgenus Begomovirus, famili Geminiviridae, yang menyebabkanpenyakit keriting daun pada tomat. Informasi tentang keragamangenetik ToLCV bermanfaat dalam perakitan tanaman tahan. Kemajuandi bidang biologi molekuler telah menghasilkan beberapa teknikyang dapat digunakan untuk analisis genetik Begomovirus. Teknikmolekuler yang banyak diaplikasikan ialah polymerase chainreaction (PCR). Teknik ini sangat sensitif dan spesifik untukmendeteksi Begomovirus pada tingkat DNA. PCR juga dapatdigunakan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat keragaman genetik virus.Teknik PCR telah digunakan untuk mendeteksi Begomovirus padatomat (ToLCV) dari sentra produksi di Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah,Jawa Barat, DI Yogyakarta, dan Sumatera. Kombinasi teknik PCRdengan restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) jugadapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman genetik Begomovirus.Selain itu, teknik sekuensing DNA dapat diaplikasikanuntuk mempelajari identitas dan keragaman genetik isolat-isolatToLCV atau anggota Begomovirus lainnya. Analisis sekuen asamamino menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik dari isolat-isolatToLCV Indonesia. Isolat-isolat tersebut homolog dengan Ageratumyellow vein virus (AYVV). Dengan teknik modifikasi gen (rekayasagenetik) telah berhasil memanfaatkan gen AV1 (coat protein) dariToLCV untuk menghasilkan tanaman tembakau tahan terhadapToLCV. Teknik modifikasi gen memberikan peluang yang besaruntuk mengembangkan tanaman tomat tahan ToLCV dan berperanpenting dalam pembangunan pertanian modern di masa mendatang

Green Algae Ulva SP. as Raw Material for Biogas Production

Ulva sp. is a non edible seaweed and posses a high growth rate. Therefore, this species is potential to be developed as a raw material for biogas production. One important factor on the biogas production is to determine organic loading rate (OLR). The aim of this study was to determine the potential of Ulva sp. as a raw material for biogas and to find out the optimum loading rate in the process of biogas production. Biogas production was carried out in the digester with a capacity of 22 l that was made of fiber and equipped with a manual stirrer and gas flow meter to measure gas production. Parameters analised were pH, COD, TSS, VSS, and gas composition. Organic loading rates used in this study were 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 kg COD.m-3.day-1. The results showed that the optimum loading rate was 1.5 kg COD.m-3.day-1. In the loading rate of 1.5 kg COD.m-3.day-1, we obtained the highest biogas production rate of 12.14 l/day with methane content of 42.96%, average COD removal of 51.97%, and methane production of 0.33 l/g COD

Analisis Sidik Jari DNA Plasma Nutfah Kedelai Menggunakan Markah SSR

Accuracy is an important issue for plant germplasm identification, especially forvarietal conformation, registration, and plant protection. A study was conducted to determine genetic variation in 96 soybean accessions based on variation in size and number alelles using fluorescently-labeled SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers on a capillary-electrophoresis DNA analyzer. This technology can be used to measure sizes of DNA fragments accurately and the genotyping protocol can be automated in a high-throughput manner. In addition, the germplasm as a whole can be further analyzed to measure the amount of genetic diversity and to identify agronomically-important genes or alleles for variety improvement. Results of the study indicated that nearly all the soyben accessions tested showed unique DNA fingerprints or genetic identities. The rare alleles (frequency <5%) that might have the potential in the variety improvement program had also been detected. Identification of the 96 soybean accessions using 10 SSR markers had detected 116 alleles, ranging between 7-19 alleles per locus, with the value of PIC (Polymorphism Information Content), reflecting the value of frequency and allele variation) 0.703. The tendency for clustering together of the allelles in certain groups of the improved soyben varieties indicating that there were close genetic relationships among them. In addition, molecular differences between two accessions having the same names but with different number of registrations were detected. Furthermore, the presence of two soybean accessions with different names but having the same molecular identity was also identified

Respon Padi Transgenik CV. Nipponbare Generasi T1 Yang Mengandung Gen Oryza Sativa Dehydration-response Element Binding 1a (Osdreb1a) Terhadap Cekaman Salinitas [Response of T1 Generation Transgenic Rice CV. Nipponbare Containing an Oryza Sativa Dehydration-response Element Binding 1a (Osdreb1a) Gene to Salinity Stress]

Salinity is one of the abiotic constraints in the cultivation of rice crop. One of the reasons agricultural land becomes saline is due to the intrusion of seawater into the mainland as a result of global climate change. Dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) gene is a plant -specific transcription factor gene that have important role in regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses, including high salinity. Transgenic rice plants cv. Nipponbare carrying OsDREB1A gene have been generated. However, study of the response of putative transgenic plants to salinity has not been done. The research objective is to study the response of T1 generation Nipponbare-OsDREB1A transgenic rice plants to salinity stress. The result showed that the response of putative transgenic rice Nipponbare-OsDREB1A to salinity stress 25 mM and 150 mM NaCl indicated a level of tolerance varies from highly sensitive to highly tolerance. These variations were possibly occurred because of the segregation state of the T1 generation transgenic rice. Based on damage symptom scoring and PCR analysis provided information that transgenic rice plant cv. Nipponbare-OsDREB1A which showed positive PCR had a very high tolerance to salinity stress 150 mM compared with non-transgenic rice cv. Nipponbare

Analisis Progeni F1 Hasil Persilangan Intra dan Inter-Spesies Durian (Durio SP.) Menggunakan Marka Mikrosatelit [Analysis Of F1 Progenies Of Intra And Inter-Species Crossing Of Durian (Durio SP.) Using Microsatellite Markers]

Keragaman genetik tetua dan progeni menjadi informasi dasar untuk pelaksanaan kegiatan seleksi dan persilangan lanjutan dalam program pemuliaan durian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi keragaman genetik enam tetua dan empat populasi progeni F1 hasil persilangan intra dan inter-spesies durian di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika. DNA diisolasi dari daun berdasarkan protokol berbasis CTAB. Amplifikasi 10 lokus mikrosatelit dilaksanakan menggunakan teknik PCR berlabel fluoresense. Analisis hasil dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Genemarker 2.20, Cervus 3.0.3 dan GenAlex 6.3. Enam dari 10 lokus yang digunakan menunjukkan kemampuan tinggi sebagai penanda yang informatif untuk analisis tetua dan populasi progeni F1 hasil persilangan intra dan inter-spesies durian. Lima tetua dari spesies Durio zibethinus terbagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu Otong, Kani, dan Sitokong berada dalam satu kelompok, serta Matahari dan Petruk di satu kelompok lainnya, sedangkan Lai Mas (D. kutejensis) berada diluar kedua kelompok. Empat populasi progeni F1 memiliki perbedaan genetik yang signifikan antarpopulasi dan antarindividu dalam populasi. Populasi progeni F1 hasil persilangan inter-spesies Lai Mas x Matahari menunjukkan heterozigositas yang paling tinggi dibandingkan populasi lainnya. Sebaliknya, populasi-populasi persilangan intra-spesies cenderung memiliki heterozigositas yang rendah. Hasil ini dapat dijadikan acuan dalam melaksanakan seleksi dan kegiatan persilangan berikutnya.KeywordsDurio sp.; Intra dan inter-species; Progeni F1; Marka mikrosateli