Kvalitetsparametere i evaluering av rehabiliteringsprosjekt

In renovation processes there is always a risk of underestimating environmental, cultural, and social values in favor of energy efficiency and economy. As well as while upgrading the building’s exterior and interior it is very essential to study the physical sustainability of building element in the field climate condition. Therefore it is very important to follow scientific and systematic process for making decision about renovation measures. The main aim of this research is to find out the major and minor differences in evaluation of the quality parameters from the study of BREEAM and other Nordic inventory methods. This paper will help to clarify the difficulties in finding the best practice renovation methods and tools which will ensure the quality renovation of buildings with focus on multi-family apartment. The research methodology is based on comparative study to find out the major and minor differences in evaluation of the quality parameters from these different inventory methods and procedures. There are many methods and tools which can be used to evaluate the renovation process, for example BREEAM in UK, LEED in US, SINTEF in Norway, ENERSIS in Finland etc. which consists of several measures in order to provide optimal renovation. This paper will help in certain extent to clarify the difficulties in finding the best renovation methods and tools which will ensure the quality renovation of buildings. This research investigate principles of the sustainable development emphasizing the renovation of apartment buildings and relevant sustainable building assessment systems via comparison. Although numerous rating systems have been developed around the world, the UK-developed Building Research Establishment – Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) is the most commonly used performance rating system in European countries. Renovations activities also required to reach certain economic, social, and environmental goals. It is therefore, important to pursue the most optimal strategy available to achieve cost-effective energy usage while maintaining excellent indoor environments, without sacrificing architectural quality or minimizing the negative impact on the environment

Efficacy of commercial insecticides for cowpea pod borer (Maruca vitrata F.) management in Pokhara, Nepal

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) is a major grain legume used as vegetables and pulses. Among the several insect pest of cowpea, spotted pod borer is one of the most destructive pest. To evaluate the available chemical pesticides for pod borer management, a set of field experiments on cowpea variety Malepatan-1 were conducted at Horticulture Research Station, Malepatan, Pokhara in years 2019 and 2020. The experiments were laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) having seven  treatments viz.Flubendiamide 39.35 % SC @ 0.3 mL/L, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC @ 0.2 mL/L, Emamectin benzoate 5 % SG @0.3 g/L, Spinosad 45 % SC @0.3 mL/L, Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki @2g/L, Azadirechtin 0.03%@ 5mL/L and Control with four replications. Flubendiamide 39.35 % SC @ 0.3 mL/L and Emamectin benzoate 5 % SG @0.3 g/L were found the most effective insecticides in lowering cowpea flower and pod damage with highest benefit cost ratio; however, considering environment, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC @ 0.2 mL/L and Spinosad 45 % SC @0.3 mL/L being next effective treatments could be viable option to manage spotted pod borer in cowpea production.  &nbsp

Study of aerosol optical properties in Lumbini, Nepal

The mixture of different sized particles (fine and coarse) with air composition forms aerosols. Increased economic activities, vehicles, and rapid urbanization made Lumbini one of the heavily polluted regions in Nepal. Data are extracted from AERONET websites between 2013 to 2019 with standard deviation. We are mainly focused on understanding variations in aerosol optical properties: aerosol optical depth (AOD), angstrom parameter (α and β), visibility, single-scattering albedo (SSA), refractive index (real and imaginary), and asymmetry parameter (AP) in the Lumbini region. The maximum value of AOD (675nm) in Lumbini occurred mostly during post-monsoon season (0.61 ± 0.38) whereas, the values of AOD were found to be lower during the monsoon season (0.18 ± 0.12). Most of the AOD values  are found to be greater than 0.4, indicating the higher level of pollution in the study area. There is a positive correlation between perceptible water and AOD, maximum correlation (0.4) occurs at the lowest AOD (440nm) while the minimum (0.1) at the highest AOD (1020nm). The turbidity coefficient (β) has an adverse effect on visibility. The Visibility over Lumbini was found to be highest (20 km) during monsoon. Single-scattering albedo (SSA) accretions occur at wavelengths between 440 and 675 nm, but the pattern changes from 675 to 1020 nm. All parameters were found to be distinct and seasonal fluctuations among this station are mainly due to the different aerosols availability such as biomass burning, mixed aerosols, and anthropogenic aerosols over the Lumbini site

Study of aerosol optical properties in Lumbini, Nepal

The mixture of different sized particles (fine and coarse) with air composition forms aerosols. Increased economic activities, vehicles, and rapid urbanization made Lumbini one of the heavily polluted regions in Nepal. Data are extracted from AERONET websites between 2013 to 2019 with standard deviation. We are mainly focused on understanding variations in aerosol optical properties: aerosol optical depth (AOD), angstrom parameter (α and β), visibility, single-scattering albedo (SSA), refractive index (real and imaginary), and asymmetry parameter (AP) in the Lumbini region. The maximum value of AOD (675nm) in Lumbini occurred mostly during post-monsoon season (0.61 ± 0.38) whereas, the values of AOD were found to be lower during the monsoon season (0.18 ± 0.12). Most of the AOD values  are found to be greater than 0.4, indicating the higher level of pollution in the study area. There is a positive correlation between perceptible water and AOD, maximum correlation (0.4) occurs at the lowest AOD (440nm) while the minimum (0.1) at the highest AOD (1020nm). The turbidity coefficient (β) has an adverse effect on visibility. The Visibility over Lumbini was found to be highest (20 km) during monsoon. Single-scattering albedo (SSA) accretions occur at wavelengths between 440 and 675 nm, but the pattern changes from 675 to 1020 nm. All parameters were found to be distinct and seasonal fluctuations among this station are mainly due to the different aerosols availability such as biomass burning, mixed aerosols, and anthropogenic aerosols over the Lumbini site

Abnormal Anatomic Variation of Pancreaticobiliary Union in Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography Department of Radiology and Imaging in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The knowledge of the variations of the abnormal anatomy of pancreaticobiliary union is of great importance for understanding various pathologies of the biliary tract, gall bladder, and pancreas as well as to avoid surgical complications and morbidity which may arise from pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Moreover, it helps in the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of pancreaticobiliary disease. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of abnormal anatomic variations of the pancreaticobiliary union in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography examinations. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in patients referred for Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography examinations for various clinical indications from 1 February 2021 to 30 May 2021. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee [Reference number: 306 (6-11)E 2 077/078]. The variations in the pancreaticobiliary union, length of the common channel, and angle between the common bile duct and major pancreatic duct were obtained from the 1.5T magnetic resonance scanner in 90 patients. The three‑dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography images were visually analyzed and classified into four categories. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 90% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Out of 90 patients, 73 (81.11%) (74.34-87.88, 90% Confidence Interval) patients had abnormal pancreaticobiliary union with pancreaticobiliary type as the most common occurrence seen in 33 (36.67%) patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of abnormal anatomic variation of pancreaticobiliary union was found to be higher than other studies done in similar settings

Ramp Tear among Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Tertiary Care Centre

Introduction: Ramp tear is a specific injury that affects the posterior horn of the medial meniscus and its meniscosynovial or meniscocapsular attachments. The actual prevalence of ramp lesion is unknown due to the high probability of misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis caused by the low sensitivity of imaging modalities and poor visualization during arthroscopy. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of ramp tear among patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after getting ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Data from 1 March 2019 to 31 December 2022 was collected between 1 May 2023 to 30 May 2023 from medical records. The study included all patients who underwent arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Patients with a previous history of medial meniscus injury or repair and undergoing revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were excluded. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Out of 412 patients who underwent arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 53 (12.86%) (9.63-16.09, 95% Confidence Interval) had ramp tears. The mean age of patients with ramp tears was 28.64±7.57 years. Among 53 patients, 42 (79.24%) were male and 11 (20.75%) were female. Conclusions: The prevalence of ramp tears in patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a tertiary care centre was found to be lower than other studies done in other international studies

Quality parameters in evaluation of renovation projects

In renovation processes there is always a risk of underestimating environmental, cultural, and social values in favor of energy efficiency and economy. As well as while upgrading the building’s exterior and interior it is very essential to study the physical sustainability of building element in the field climate condition. Therefore it is very important to follow scientific and systematic process for making decision about renovation measures. The main aim of this research is to find out the major and minor differences in evaluation of the quality parameters from the study of BREEAM and other Nordic inventory methods. This paper will help to clarify the difficulties in finding the best practice renovation methods and tools which will ensure the quality renovation of buildings with focus on multi-family apartment. The research methodology is based on comparative study to find out the major and minor differences in evaluation of the quality parameters from these different inventory methods and procedures. There are many methods and tools which can be used to evaluate the renovation process, for example BREEAM in UK, LEED in US, SINTEF in Norway, ENERSIS in Finland etc. which consists of several measures in order to provide optimal renovation. This paper will help in certain extent to clarify the difficulties in finding the best renovation methods and tools which will ensure the quality renovation of buildings. This research investigate principles of the sustainable development emphasizing the renovation of apartment buildings and relevant sustainable building assessment systems via comparison. Although numerous rating systems have been developed around the world, the UK-developed Building Research Establishment – Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) is the most commonly used performance rating system in European countries. Renovations activities also required to reach certain economic, social, and environmental goals. It is therefore, important to pursue the most optimal strategy available to achieve cost-effective energy usage while maintaining excellent indoor environments, without sacrificing architectural quality or minimizing the negative impact on the environment

Subconjunctival Mass as Rare Presentation of Even Rarer Intraocular Medulloepithelioma: A Case Report

Medulloepithelioma is a rare childhood embryonal tumor arising from the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium of the pars plicata. We report a case of an 11-year-old male who presented with painless loss of vision of the right eye for the last three years and progressively increasing mass on the superior aspect of the globe for the last three months. On ocular examination, a firm, non-tender mass of 4cm x 3cm was noted in the superior aspect of the globe. CT-Scan of the orbit was suggestive of a foreign body with a haemorrhage or infection. The patient underwent enucleation with minimal manipulation. Histopathological examination of the enucleated globe revealed medulloepithelioma. The intraocular medulloepithelioma presentation is often late and masquerading, which may lead to extraocular extension and metastasis and ultimately unfavorable prognosis.</jats:p

Efficacy of commercial insecticides for cowpea pod borer (Maruca vitrata F.) management in Pokhara, Nepal

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) is a major grain legume used as vegetables and pulses. Among the several insect pest of cowpea, spotted pod borer is one of the most destructive pest. To evaluate the available chemical pesticides for pod borer management, a set of field experiments on cowpea variety Malepatan-1 were conducted at Horticulture Research Station, Malepatan, Pokhara in years 2019 and 2020. The experiments were laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) having seven  treatments viz.Flubendiamide 39.35 % SC @ 0.3 mL/L, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC @ 0.2 mL/L, Emamectin benzoate 5 % SG @0.3 g/L, Spinosad 45 % SC @0.3 mL/L, Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki @2g/L, Azadirechtin 0.03%@ 5mL/L and Control with four replications. Flubendiamide 39.35 % SC @ 0.3 mL/L and Emamectin benzoate 5 % SG @0.3 g/L were found the most effective insecticides in lowering cowpea flower and pod damage with highest benefit cost ratio; however, considering environment, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC @ 0.2 mL/L and Spinosad 45 % SC @0.3 mL/L being next effective treatments could be viable option to manage spotted pod borer in cowpea production. &#x0D;  </jats:p