Energy Conservation through Vacuum Coating & Metalizing Process

India and other industrial nations are faced with the unprecedented challanges of providing energy services to an expanding economy in a manner which is environmetly and economically sound, energy efficiency emerged as the most effective manner to reduce dependecies on foreign oil import, minimize emission which contributes to global warming and stimulate local economies, this paper discuss how current and future application of vacuum coating technologiescan play a significant role developing many of these energy efficiency consumer good

ANTIOXIDANT-VITAMIN C: LUNG FUNCTION; LUNG CANCER

ABSTRACTNon-enzymatic vitamin C (ascorbic acid) plays an important role in the medicinal field and acts as antioxidants use in fruits and vegetable such aslemon, orange, grapes, carrots, tomatoes, grapefruit, beans, broccoli, and mangos. It helps to prevent and stop of various diseases such as lung cancer,asthma, and wheezing and finding an antibronchospastic effect. Other factors such as diet have also been implicated in the development of lungcancer. Despite the extensive research conducted in this area, the relationship between diet and lung cancer is still not clear. Diets high in fat andlow in vegetables and fruits may increase the risk of lung cancer and other fact eating of tobacco and smoking of cigarette. Lung tissue damage dueto high levels of free radicals in cigarette smoke causes direct (tissue oxidation) and indirect (release of oxidizing agents and enzymes). Vitamin C isnecessary for phagocytosis. It plays a significant role in daily life, dietary system like eating food, vegetable and smoking of cigarette. It helps to preventor stop the damage the lung tissue/or cause lung cancer. The present review studied that application of vitamin C act as antioxidant in lung cancer likediseases such as lung-cancer and role in lung function.Keywords: Review, Non-enzymatic antioxidant (vitamin C), Lung function, Lung diseases

Novel female-specific splice form of dsx in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

The Bombyx mori doublesex (Bmdsx), a homologue of doublesex of Drosophila, is the bottom most gene of the sex determination cascade. Bmdsx plays a very crucial role in somatic sexual development. Its pre-mRNA sex-specifically splices to generate two splice variants; one encodes female-specific and the other encodes male-specific polypeptides which differ only at their C-termini. The open reading frame of Bmdsx consists of 5 exons, of which exons 3 and 4 are female-specific and are skipped in males. In the present study, we have identified a third splice form of the Bmdsx which is specific only to females and differs from the previously reported Bmdsxf isoform by the presence of 15 bp sequence. This new female splice form is generated as a result of alternative 5' splice site selection in the third exon adding additional 15 bp sequence in exon 3 which results in alteration of the reading frame leading to incorporation of an early stop codon. Thus the protein encoded by this splice form is 20 aa shorter than the known BmDsxF. Initial results obtained from the study of dsx homologues in Saturniid silkmoths suggest that both the female-specific Dsx proteins are essential for female sexual differentiation. It remains to be seen whether female-specific multiple splice forms of dsx are characteristic feature of only silkmoths or widespread among lepidopterans. The findings that sex determination mechanism is unique in lepidopterans offer an opportunity to develop genetic sexing methods in beneficial as well as economically destructive lepidopteran pests

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF CARBAMAZEPINE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Objective: To develop and validate simple, accurate, rapid, precise, reproducible and cost effective spectrophotometric method for the quantitative estimation of carbamazepine in a pharmaceutical formulation.Methods: The developed UV spectrophotometric method for the quantitative estimation of carbamazepine is based on measurement of absorption at maximum wavelength 284 nm using methanol as a solvent. The stock solution of carbamazepine was prepared, and subsequent suitable dilution was prepared in distilled water to obtained standard curve. The standard solution of carbamazepine shows absorption maxima at 284 nm.Results: The drug obeyed beer lambert's law in the concentration range of 2-14 µg/ml with regression 0.9997 at 284 nm. The overall % recovery was found to be 99.99% which reflects that the method was free from the interference of the impurities and other excipients used in the formulation. The low value of % RSD was indicative of accuracy and reproducibility of the method. The % RSD for inter-day and intra-day precision was found to be 0.1568 and 0.1746 respectively which is<2% hence proved that method is precise.Conclusion: The results of analysis have been validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The developed method can be adopted in routine analysis of carbamazepine in tablet dosage form as well bulk dosage form.Keywords: Carbamazepine, UV Spectrophotometry, Method development, Validation, ICH guidelines, Methanol

Design and evaluation of Moringa oleifera loaded transferosome vesicles: In vitro characterization

Moringa oleifera  herb is widely found in western ghat. The anticancer potential especially against breast cancer is proved by many scientific investigators. However poor skin permeability of active constituents limits the therapeutic use of this herbal active. Transfersomes are modified liposomes with improve skin permeation ability. Thus, extract loaded transfersomes were formulated to improve skin permeation of extract. The transfersomes are phospholipid based vesicles with edge activators. The edge activators increase skin permeation of transfersomes. The extract loaded transfersomes were fabricated using thin film hydration and assessed for vesicle size, microscopic imaging and thermal behavior. The transfersomes showed acceptable vesicle size and zeta potential. Thus, formulated transfersomes could be promising alternative for skin permeation enhancement of herbal active

Initial Taylor-Maclaurin coefficient bounds and the Fekete-Szegö problem for subclasses of m-fold symmetric analytic bi-univalent functions

In the present paper, we introduce two new subclasses of the m-fold symmetric, analytic and bi-univalent function class Σm defined in the open unit disk D₁ :={z : z ∈ C and |z| < 1}. These two subclasses are denoted by SΣm(α) and S*Σm(β). For the functions f belong to both of these subclasses, we obtain estimates on the first two Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients |am+1| and |a2m+1|. Also, we obtain estimate on the Fekete-Szegö functional |a2m+1 − ka2 m+1|, k ∈ R. It is interesting to see that the geometrical similarities in these two subclasses also reflects in their coefficient estimates. Further, we pointed out interconnection of these results with some of the earlier known results.Publisher's Versio

Alum [KAl(SO4)2•12H2O] catalyzed microwave assisted synthesis of 5-arylidine-2-(methylthio)-thiazolone derivatives in water

An efficient and environmentally benign method has been developed for the synthesis of 5-arylidine-2-(methylthio)-thiazolones derivatives using Alum [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O] catalyst and triethyl amine in water under microwave irradiation. This green transformation generated one C-S and one C-C bond, condensation and S-methylation. Notable advantages for the present protocol include, short reaction time, cleaner reaction profile and easy isolation of product by microwave irradiation technique using green catalyst and solvent

A unique influenza A (H5N1) virus causing a focal poultry outbreak in 2007 in Manipur, India

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A focal H5N1 outbreak in poultry was reported from Manipur, a north-eastern state, of India, in 2007. The aim of this study was to genetically characterize the Manipur isolate to understand the relationship with other H5N1 isolates and to trace the possible source of introduction of the virus into the country.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Characterization of the complete genome revealed that the virus belonged to clade 2.2. It was distinctly different from viruses of the three EMA sublineages of clade 2.2 but related to isolates from wild migratory waterfowl from Russia, China and Mongolia. The HA gene, had the cleavage site GERRRRKR, earlier reported in whooper swan isolates from Mongolia in 2005. A stop codon at position 29 in the PB1-F2 protein could have implications on the replication efficiency. The acquisition of polymorphisms as seen in recent isolates of 2005–07 from distinct geographical regions suggests the possibility of transportation of H5N1 viruses through migratory birds.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Considering that all eight genes of the earlier Indian isolates belonged to the EMA3 sublineage and similar strains have not been reported from neighbouring countries of the subcontinent, it appears that the virus may have been introduced independently.</p

An alum [KAl (SO4)2.12H2O] catalyzed microwave assisted multicomponent synthesis of bioactive functionalized benzylpyrazolyl coumarin and quinolinone derivatives in PEG

An efficient and environmentally benign method has been developed for the synthesis of benzylpyrazolyl coumarin and quinolinone derivatives, hydroxy coumarin derivatives using Alum [KAl (SO4)2.12H2O] catalyst and Polyethylene glycol as green solvent under microwave condition. Keywords: Knoevenagel, Michael addition reaction, coumarins, quinolinones, alum, polyethylene glycol, multicomponent microwave irradiation method

Genetic Characterization of the Influenza A Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus Isolates from India

Background: The Influenza A pandemic H1N1 2009 (H1N1pdm) virus appeared in India in May 2009 and thereafter outbreaks with considerable morbidity and mortality have been reported from many parts of the country. Continuous monitoring of the genetic makeup of the virus is essential to understand its evolution within the country in relation to global diversification and to track the mutations that may affect the behavior of the virus. Methods: H1N1pdm viruses were isolated from both recovered and fatal cases representing major cities and sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of six concatenated whole genomes and the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of seven more isolates from May-September 2009 was performed with reference to 685 whole genomes of global isolates available as of November 24, 2009. Molecular characterization of all the 8 segments was carried out for known pathogenic markers. Results: The first isolate of May 2009 belonged to clade 5. Although clade 7 was the dominant H1N1pdm lineage in India, both clades 6 and 7 were found to be co-circulating. The neuraminidase of all the Indian isolates possessed H275, the marker for sensitivity to the neuraminidase inhibitor Oseltamivir. Some of the mutations in HA are at or in the vicinity of antigenic sites and may therefore be of possible antigenic significance. Among these a D222G mutation in the HA receptor binding domain was found in two of the eight Indian isolates obtained from fatal cases. Conclusions: The majority of the 13 Indian isolates grouped in the globally most widely circulating H1N1pdm clade 7