Efeito de absorvedor de etileno na conservação de mamão "Golden", armazenado à temperatura ambiente

O objetivo foi determinar a dose de permanganato de potássio (KMnO4), associada à embalagem plástica, mais eficiente em retardar o amadurecimento do mamão 'Golden', armazenado sob temperatura ambiente. Conjuntos de três frutos com massa média unitária de 278,8±18,9 g foram embalados em filmes de polietileno de baixa densidade, nos quais foram incluídos sachês, contendo vermiculita impregnada com o KMnO4, nas doses de 0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 g/ embalagem. Os frutos embalados foram armazenados durante 15 dias, a 20,0 ± 0,5 °C e 90 ± 5% de UR. Após esse período, foram mantidos na mesma temperatura, porém, fora das embalagens. As avaliações foram feitas no dia da retirada das embalagens e nos cinco dias consecutivos. Foram avaliados a concentração de CO2 no interior das embalagens, a produção de CO2, a cor da casca, a perda de massa da matéria fresca do fruto e a firmeza da polpa, o extravasamento de solutos, o teor de sólidos solúveis e a concentração de etanol da polpa. Após 15 dias de permanência nas embalagens, os frutos tratados com KMnO4 apresentaram menores produção de CO2, índice de cor da casca, perda de eletrólitos celulares e teor de etanol, porém, maior firmeza da polpa, quando comparados com frutos sem aplicação de KMnO4, indicando que os frutos não tratados tiveram amadurecimento antecipado. Após a retirada das embalagens, os frutos tratados com KMnO4 permaneceram firmes durante dois dias de avaliação. A dose de 1,0 g de KMnO4/embalagem foi a mais indicada para as condições do experimento

Aerobic Exercise Training Prevents Heart Failure-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Anti-Catabolic, but Not Anabolic Actions

Heart failure (HF) is associated with cachexia and consequent exercise intolerance. Given the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise training (ET) in HF, the aim of this study was to determine if the ET performed during the transition from cardiac dysfunction to HF would alter the expression of anabolic and catabolic factors, thus preventing skeletal muscle wasting.We employed ascending aortic stenosis (AS) inducing HF in Wistar male rats. Controls were sham-operated animals. At 18 weeks after surgery, rats with cardiac dysfunction were randomized to 10 weeks of aerobic ET (AS-ET) or to an untrained group (AS-UN). At 28 weeks, the AS-UN group presented HF signs in conjunction with high TNF-α serum levels; soleus and plantaris muscle atrophy; and an increase in the expression of TNF-α, NFκB (p65), MAFbx, MuRF1, FoxO1, and myostatin catabolic factors. However, in the AS-ET group, the deterioration of cardiac function was prevented, as well as muscle wasting, and the atrophy promoters were decreased. Interestingly, changes in anabolic factor expression (IGF-I, AKT, and mTOR) were not observed. Nevertheless, in the plantaris muscle, ET maintained high PGC1α levels.Thus, the ET capability to attenuate cardiac function during the transition from cardiac dysfunction to HF was accompanied by a prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy that did not occur via an increase in anabolic factors, but through anti-catabolic activity, presumably caused by PGC1α action. These findings indicate the therapeutic potential of aerobic ET to block HF-induced muscle atrophy by counteracting the increased catabolic state