A indústria 4.0 no Brasil : um estudo dos benefícios esperados e tecnologias habilitadoras

A Indústria 4.0 surge com o objetivo de desenvolver fábricas inteligentes, com alto grau de autonomia e flexibilidade, através da adoção de tecnologias digitais de forma integrada nas empresas e suas cadeias de valor. Ao mesmo tempo, a Indústria 4.0 promove benefícios que vão além da performance operacional, como o desenvolvimento de novas ofertas e novos modelos de negócios para as empresas. A Indústria 4.0 é originada na Alemanha, país com alta performance tecnológica, e rapidamente inspira outras iniciativas no mundo inteiro, inclusive em países emergentes como o Brasil. Estes países possuem maiores barreiras para a adoção das tecnologias relacionadas ao conceito, principalmente devido à atual situação tecnológica dos seus parques industriais. Embora a Indústria 4.0 seja um tema crescente na literatura, ainda existem grandes lacunas de estudo sobre a adoção de tecnologias relacionadas ao conceito no contexto de países emergentes, principalmente por se tratar de uma iniciativa recente. Logo, o objetivo desta dissertação é estudar o conceito da Indústria 4.0 no Brasil, de forma a entender quais são os benefícios do conceito para a performance industrial e as tecnologias habilitadoras. O trabalho tem uma abordagem quantitativa, com análises estatísticas aplicadas em dados de pesquisas surveys conduzidas em nível nacional. Os principais resultados obtidos foram: (i) identificação da relação entre as tecnologias e os benefícios esperados do conceito, (ii) identificação de disparidades entre a percepção industrial brasileira e a literatura sobre os benefícios da Indústria 4.0, (iii) identificação da abrangência do conceito da Indústria 4.0, compreendendo elementos que transcendem a manufatura avançada, e (iv) identificação de tecnologias habilitadoras para a implantação do conceito. Sob a perspectiva acadêmica, esta dissertação traz importantes contribuições para o entendimento do conceito e das tecnologias da Indústria 4.0, assim como o impacto destas na performance industrial. Do ponto de vista prático, os resultados auxiliam na compreensão de um tema de alta relevância empresarial, contribuindo com perspectivas para a diretriz estratégica das empresas à Indústria 4.0.Industry 4.0 arises with the goal to develop smart factories, with advanced autonomy and flexibility, through the adoption of digital technologies in an integrated manner in companies and in their value chains. The Industry 4.0enables benefits beyond operational performance, as the development of new offerings and new business models for companies. Industry 4.0 was developed in Germany, a country with high technological performance, and quickly inspires other initiatives in the whole world, in developed and emergent countries such as Brazil. These countries face major barriers for the adoption of technologies related to the concept, mainly due to the current technological level of their industrial sites. Even though Industry 4.0 is a growing field in literature, there are still considerable gaps of studies about the adoption of technologies related to the concept in the context of emergent countries, mostly due to its novelty. Therefore, this dissertation aims to study the concept of Industry 4.0 in Brazil, in order to understand its benefits for industrial performance and its enabling technologies. This study has a quantitative approach, with statistical analysis of data from national surveys. The main outcomes obtained were: (i) the identification of a relation between technologies and the expected benefits of the concept, (ii) the identification of disparities between Brazilian industrial perception and the literature about Industry 4.0 benefits, (iii) the identification of a wide scope of Industry 4.0 concept, comprising elements that transcends smart manufacturing, and (iv) the identification of enabling technologies for the implementation of the concept. Under academic perspective, this dissertation brings important contributions to understand the Industry 4.0 concept and technologies, and its impact on industrial performance. As practical contributions, the results contribute for the understandings of a high relevant theme for companies, contributing with perspectives for their strategical orientation towards Industry 4.0

Administração contratual em obra industrial focando na prevenção de pleitos

Considerando as dificuldades dos projetos de construção civil em finalizar a execução de serviços mantendo o orçamento e cronograma inicial planejado, aditivos contratuais e pleitos – reivindicação para consideração de serviços adicionais do escopo ou compensação de pagamento – são comuns em tais projetos. Principalmente nas obras industriais, que geralmente com prazos menos flexíveis se comparadas com obras residenciais e comerciais, é importante o monitoramento para identificação e prevenção de pleitos. Desequilíbrios econômico-financeiros são gerados a partir de impactos na obra durante o período contratual, que muitas vezes resultam na extensão de prazo, gerando aditivos contratuais. Conflitos entre a parte contratante e a contratada, esta executora dos serviços de construção, podem ser originados com os pleitos de compensação por desequilíbrios econômico-financeiros. A Administração Contratual tem sido uma ferramenta considerada como indispensável para alguns autores para o Gerenciamento de Aquisições em projetos de construção civil, sendo parte fundamental para a Gestão de Pleitos, que tem como objetivo a identificação, prevenção e quantificação dos pleitos ocorridos. Utilizando o método de estudo de caso, esse trabalho descreve a metodologia utilizada por uma equipe especializada em Gestão de Pleitos em obra industrial, nos processos de administração dos contratos das aquisições. Primeiramente a equipe de Gestão de Pleitos avalia o projeto para definição da estratégia de contratação do projeto. Em seguida, após a contratação, realiza-se o Monitoramento e registro de informações relevantes, no qual são descritos procedimentos para tal propósito, com o objetivo de identificar possíveis pleitos. O monitoramento realizado possibilita a Gestão de Evidências, definindo o valor de mérito para compensação de desequilíbrios econômico-financeiros à contratada. A metodologia aplicada pela Administração contratual, com foco na prevenção de pleitos, levantou muitas informações que possibilitaram analisar a produtividade da obra e auxiliaram na tomada de decisões do projeto, assim como formalizou as mudanças de escopo, contribuindo para a não ocorrência de pleitos nos serviços acompanhados da obra industrial

Collaboration interentreprises et intégration des données pour les Systèmes intelligents de Produits-Services : vers un écosystème de la servicisation digitale

Product firms are increasingly forming collaborative networks to develop the necessary capabilities for digital servitization. However, this process demands organizational changes related to environmental, technical, and relational conditions. This thesis aims to understand these conditions, analyzing inter-firm collaboration and data integration of networks in Smart Product-Service Systems (PSSs). We propose that environmental conditions, such as market and technology turbulence, affect the innovation performance in digital servitization, in which the inter-firm data integration in collaborative networks supports the process. These networks play an important role in delivering digital services in different servitized business models. We also propose that different configuration types of collaborative networks are possible for developing and delivering Smart PSS. To understand this phenomenon, first, we analyzed how inter-firm data integration moderates Smart PSSs in different environmental conditions and the development of different servitized business models based on service delivery through digital technologies. These hypotheses were tested based on collected data from the machine industry in Brazil, analyzed through ordinary least square regression with moderation. Then, we employed a multiple-case study approach to analyze different configurations of collaborative networks in Smart PSSs. We used case studies of companies in France, Italy, and Brazil. As a result, from the quantitative analysis, we found technological turbulence affecting the innovation performance of Smart PSSs, in which customer data integration supports more innovative outcomes to a certain degree. In addition, we found different combinations of service provision through digital technologies to develop different servitized business models, supported by the integration with different actors. From the qualitative analysis, we found that collaboration is related to the degree of innovation of the offering and showed how different types of collaboration result in different relational implications. This thesis demonstrates how product firms can collaborate with external actors to develop Smart PSSs, and what they require in terms of digital resources and relational assets, considering their strategic objectives under environmental conditions. The findings are summarized in a proposed model, which addresses research gaps in digital servitization literature and supports practitioners' guidance in this process.Les entreprises manufacturières forment de plus en plus de réseaux de collaboration afin de développer les capacités nécessaires à la servicisation digitale. Cependant, ce processus exige des changements organisationnels liés aux conditions environnementales, techniques et relationnelles. Cette thèse vise à comprendre ces conditions, en analysant la collaboration inter-firmes et l'intégration des données des réseaux dans les systèmes de produits et services intelligents (SPS). Nous proposons que les conditions environnementales affectent la performance de l'innovation dans la servicisation digitale, dans laquelle l'intégration des données inter-firmes dans les réseaux de collaboration soutient le processus. Ces réseaux sont importants pour la fourniture de services digitales dans différents modèles d'entreprise en servicisation. Nous proposons également que différents types de configuration de réseaux de collaboration soient possibles pour développer et fournir des PSS intelligents. Pour comprendre ce phénomène, nous avons analysé comment l'intégration des données inter-firmes modère les SPS intelligents dans différentes conditions environnementales et le développement de différents business modèles basés sur la fourniture de services par les technologies digitales. Ces hypothèses ont été testées sur la base de données collectées dans l'industrie des machines au Brésil, analysées par régression avec modération. Ensuite, nous avons utilisé une approche d'étude de cas multiples pour analyser différentes configurations de réseaux de collaboration dans les SPS intelligents. Nous avons utilisé des études de cas d'entreprises en France, en Italie et au Brésil. L'analyse quantitative a révélé que les turbulences technologiques affectent la performance d'innovation des SPS intelligents, dans lesquels l'intégration des données des clients soutient des résultats plus innovants dans une certaine mesure. En outre, nous avons trouvé différentes combinaisons de fourniture de services par des technologies digitales pour développer différents business modèles de la servicisation, soutenus par l'intégration avec différents acteurs. L'analyse qualitative nous a permis de comprendre le lien entre la collaboration et le degré d'innovation de l'offre, et ses implications relationnelles. Cette thèse démontre comment les entreprises manufacturières peuvent collaborer avec des acteurs externes pour développer des SPS intelligents, et ce dont elles ont besoin en termes de ressources numériques et d'actifs relationnels, compte tenu de leurs objectifs stratégiques dans des conditions environnementales. Les résultats sont résumés dans un modèle proposé, avec des contributions théoriques et pratiques

Collaboration interentreprises et intégration des données pour les Systèmes intelligents de Produits-Services : vers un écosystème de la servicisation digitale

Product firms are increasingly forming collaborative networks to develop the necessary capabilities for digital servitization. However, this process demands organizational changes related to environmental, technical, and relational conditions. This thesis aims to understand these conditions, analyzing inter-firm collaboration and data integration of networks in Smart Product-Service Systems (PSSs). We propose that environmental conditions, such as market and technology turbulence, affect the innovation performance in digital servitization, in which the inter-firm data integration in collaborative networks supports the process. These networks play an important role in delivering digital services in different servitized business models. We also propose that different configuration types of collaborative networks are possible for developing and delivering Smart PSS. To understand this phenomenon, first, we analyzed how inter-firm data integration moderates Smart PSSs in different environmental conditions and the development of different servitized business models based on service delivery through digital technologies. These hypotheses were tested based on collected data from the machine industry in Brazil, analyzed through ordinary least square regression with moderation. Then, we employed a multiple-case study approach to analyze different configurations of collaborative networks in Smart PSSs. We used case studies of companies in France, Italy, and Brazil. As a result, from the quantitative analysis, we found technological turbulence affecting the innovation performance of Smart PSSs, in which customer data integration supports more innovative outcomes to a certain degree. In addition, we found different combinations of service provision through digital technologies to develop different servitized business models, supported by the integration with different actors. From the qualitative analysis, we found that collaboration is related to the degree of innovation of the offering and showed how different types of collaboration result in different relational implications. This thesis demonstrates how product firms can collaborate with external actors to develop Smart PSSs, and what they require in terms of digital resources and relational assets, considering their strategic objectives under environmental conditions. The findings are summarized in a proposed model, which addresses research gaps in digital servitization literature and supports practitioners' guidance in this process.Les entreprises manufacturières forment de plus en plus de réseaux de collaboration afin de développer les capacités nécessaires à la servicisation digitale. Cependant, ce processus exige des changements organisationnels liés aux conditions environnementales, techniques et relationnelles. Cette thèse vise à comprendre ces conditions, en analysant la collaboration inter-firmes et l'intégration des données des réseaux dans les systèmes de produits et services intelligents (SPS). Nous proposons que les conditions environnementales affectent la performance de l'innovation dans la servicisation digitale, dans laquelle l'intégration des données inter-firmes dans les réseaux de collaboration soutient le processus. Ces réseaux sont importants pour la fourniture de services digitales dans différents modèles d'entreprise en servicisation. Nous proposons également que différents types de configuration de réseaux de collaboration soient possibles pour développer et fournir des PSS intelligents. Pour comprendre ce phénomène, nous avons analysé comment l'intégration des données inter-firmes modère les SPS intelligents dans différentes conditions environnementales et le développement de différents business modèles basés sur la fourniture de services par les technologies digitales. Ces hypothèses ont été testées sur la base de données collectées dans l'industrie des machines au Brésil, analysées par régression avec modération. Ensuite, nous avons utilisé une approche d'étude de cas multiples pour analyser différentes configurations de réseaux de collaboration dans les SPS intelligents. Nous avons utilisé des études de cas d'entreprises en France, en Italie et au Brésil. L'analyse quantitative a révélé que les turbulences technologiques affectent la performance d'innovation des SPS intelligents, dans lesquels l'intégration des données des clients soutient des résultats plus innovants dans une certaine mesure. En outre, nous avons trouvé différentes combinaisons de fourniture de services par des technologies digitales pour développer différents business modèles de la servicisation, soutenus par l'intégration avec différents acteurs. L'analyse qualitative nous a permis de comprendre le lien entre la collaboration et le degré d'innovation de l'offre, et ses implications relationnelles. Cette thèse démontre comment les entreprises manufacturières peuvent collaborer avec des acteurs externes pour développer des SPS intelligents, et ce dont elles ont besoin en termes de ressources numériques et d'actifs relationnels, compte tenu de leurs objectifs stratégiques dans des conditions environnementales. Les résultats sont résumés dans un modèle proposé, avec des contributions théoriques et pratiques

A indústria 4.0 no Brasil : um estudo dos benefícios esperados e tecnologias habilitadoras

A Indústria 4.0 surge com o objetivo de desenvolver fábricas inteligentes, com alto grau de autonomia e flexibilidade, através da adoção de tecnologias digitais de forma integrada nas empresas e suas cadeias de valor. Ao mesmo tempo, a Indústria 4.0 promove benefícios que vão além da performance operacional, como o desenvolvimento de novas ofertas e novos modelos de negócios para as empresas. A Indústria 4.0 é originada na Alemanha, país com alta performance tecnológica, e rapidamente inspira outras iniciativas no mundo inteiro, inclusive em países emergentes como o Brasil. Estes países possuem maiores barreiras para a adoção das tecnologias relacionadas ao conceito, principalmente devido à atual situação tecnológica dos seus parques industriais. Embora a Indústria 4.0 seja um tema crescente na literatura, ainda existem grandes lacunas de estudo sobre a adoção de tecnologias relacionadas ao conceito no contexto de países emergentes, principalmente por se tratar de uma iniciativa recente. Logo, o objetivo desta dissertação é estudar o conceito da Indústria 4.0 no Brasil, de forma a entender quais são os benefícios do conceito para a performance industrial e as tecnologias habilitadoras. O trabalho tem uma abordagem quantitativa, com análises estatísticas aplicadas em dados de pesquisas surveys conduzidas em nível nacional. Os principais resultados obtidos foram: (i) identificação da relação entre as tecnologias e os benefícios esperados do conceito, (ii) identificação de disparidades entre a percepção industrial brasileira e a literatura sobre os benefícios da Indústria 4.0, (iii) identificação da abrangência do conceito da Indústria 4.0, compreendendo elementos que transcendem a manufatura avançada, e (iv) identificação de tecnologias habilitadoras para a implantação do conceito. Sob a perspectiva acadêmica, esta dissertação traz importantes contribuições para o entendimento do conceito e das tecnologias da Indústria 4.0, assim como o impacto destas na performance industrial. Do ponto de vista prático, os resultados auxiliam na compreensão de um tema de alta relevância empresarial, contribuindo com perspectivas para a diretriz estratégica das empresas à Indústria 4.0.Industry 4.0 arises with the goal to develop smart factories, with advanced autonomy and flexibility, through the adoption of digital technologies in an integrated manner in companies and in their value chains. The Industry 4.0enables benefits beyond operational performance, as the development of new offerings and new business models for companies. Industry 4.0 was developed in Germany, a country with high technological performance, and quickly inspires other initiatives in the whole world, in developed and emergent countries such as Brazil. These countries face major barriers for the adoption of technologies related to the concept, mainly due to the current technological level of their industrial sites. Even though Industry 4.0 is a growing field in literature, there are still considerable gaps of studies about the adoption of technologies related to the concept in the context of emergent countries, mostly due to its novelty. Therefore, this dissertation aims to study the concept of Industry 4.0 in Brazil, in order to understand its benefits for industrial performance and its enabling technologies. This study has a quantitative approach, with statistical analysis of data from national surveys. The main outcomes obtained were: (i) the identification of a relation between technologies and the expected benefits of the concept, (ii) the identification of disparities between Brazilian industrial perception and the literature about Industry 4.0 benefits, (iii) the identification of a wide scope of Industry 4.0 concept, comprising elements that transcends smart manufacturing, and (iv) the identification of enabling technologies for the implementation of the concept. Under academic perspective, this dissertation brings important contributions to understand the Industry 4.0 concept and technologies, and its impact on industrial performance. As practical contributions, the results contribute for the understandings of a high relevant theme for companies, contributing with perspectives for their strategical orientation towards Industry 4.0

Administração contratual em obra industrial focando na prevenção de pleitos

Considerando as dificuldades dos projetos de construção civil em finalizar a execução de serviços mantendo o orçamento e cronograma inicial planejado, aditivos contratuais e pleitos – reivindicação para consideração de serviços adicionais do escopo ou compensação de pagamento – são comuns em tais projetos. Principalmente nas obras industriais, que geralmente com prazos menos flexíveis se comparadas com obras residenciais e comerciais, é importante o monitoramento para identificação e prevenção de pleitos. Desequilíbrios econômico-financeiros são gerados a partir de impactos na obra durante o período contratual, que muitas vezes resultam na extensão de prazo, gerando aditivos contratuais. Conflitos entre a parte contratante e a contratada, esta executora dos serviços de construção, podem ser originados com os pleitos de compensação por desequilíbrios econômico-financeiros. A Administração Contratual tem sido uma ferramenta considerada como indispensável para alguns autores para o Gerenciamento de Aquisições em projetos de construção civil, sendo parte fundamental para a Gestão de Pleitos, que tem como objetivo a identificação, prevenção e quantificação dos pleitos ocorridos. Utilizando o método de estudo de caso, esse trabalho descreve a metodologia utilizada por uma equipe especializada em Gestão de Pleitos em obra industrial, nos processos de administração dos contratos das aquisições. Primeiramente a equipe de Gestão de Pleitos avalia o projeto para definição da estratégia de contratação do projeto. Em seguida, após a contratação, realiza-se o Monitoramento e registro de informações relevantes, no qual são descritos procedimentos para tal propósito, com o objetivo de identificar possíveis pleitos. O monitoramento realizado possibilita a Gestão de Evidências, definindo o valor de mérito para compensação de desequilíbrios econômico-financeiros à contratada. A metodologia aplicada pela Administração contratual, com foco na prevenção de pleitos, levantou muitas informações que possibilitaram analisar a produtividade da obra e auxiliaram na tomada de decisões do projeto, assim como formalizou as mudanças de escopo, contribuindo para a não ocorrência de pleitos nos serviços acompanhados da obra industrial

Inter-firm collaboration and data integration for Smart Product-Service Systems : towards a digital servitization ecosystem

Les entreprises manufacturières forment de plus en plus de réseaux de collaboration afin de développer les capacités nécessaires à la servicisation digitale. Cependant, ce processus exige des changements organisationnels liés aux conditions environnementales, techniques et relationnelles. Cette thèse vise à comprendre ces conditions, en analysant la collaboration inter-firmes et l'intégration des données des réseaux dans les systèmes de produits et services intelligents (SPS). Nous proposons que les conditions environnementales affectent la performance de l'innovation dans la servicisation digitale, dans laquelle l'intégration des données inter-firmes dans les réseaux de collaboration soutient le processus. Ces réseaux sont importants pour la fourniture de services digitales dans différents modèles d'entreprise en servicisation. Nous proposons également que différents types de configuration de réseaux de collaboration soient possibles pour développer et fournir des PSS intelligents. Pour comprendre ce phénomène, nous avons analysé comment l'intégration des données inter-firmes modère les SPS intelligents dans différentes conditions environnementales et le développement de différents business modèles basés sur la fourniture de services par les technologies digitales. Ces hypothèses ont été testées sur la base de données collectées dans l'industrie des machines au Brésil, analysées par régression avec modération. Ensuite, nous avons utilisé une approche d'étude de cas multiples pour analyser différentes configurations de réseaux de collaboration dans les SPS intelligents. Nous avons utilisé des études de cas d'entreprises en France, en Italie et au Brésil. L'analyse quantitative a révélé que les turbulences technologiques affectent la performance d'innovation des SPS intelligents, dans lesquels l'intégration des données des clients soutient des résultats plus innovants dans une certaine mesure. En outre, nous avons trouvé différentes combinaisons de fourniture de services par des technologies digitales pour développer différents business modèles de la servicisation, soutenus par l'intégration avec différents acteurs. L'analyse qualitative nous a permis de comprendre le lien entre la collaboration et le degré d'innovation de l'offre, et ses implications relationnelles. Cette thèse démontre comment les entreprises manufacturières peuvent collaborer avec des acteurs externes pour développer des SPS intelligents, et ce dont elles ont besoin en termes de ressources numériques et d'actifs relationnels, compte tenu de leurs objectifs stratégiques dans des conditions environnementales. Les résultats sont résumés dans un modèle proposé, avec des contributions théoriques et pratiques.Product firms are increasingly forming collaborative networks to develop the necessary capabilities for digital servitization. However, this process demands organizational changes related to environmental, technical, and relational conditions. This thesis aims to understand these conditions, analyzing inter-firm collaboration and data integration of networks in Smart Product-Service Systems (PSSs). We propose that environmental conditions, such as market and technology turbulence, affect the innovation performance in digital servitization, in which the inter-firm data integration in collaborative networks supports the process. These networks play an important role in delivering digital services in different servitized business models. We also propose that different configuration types of collaborative networks are possible for developing and delivering Smart PSS. To understand this phenomenon, first, we analyzed how inter-firm data integration moderates Smart PSSs in different environmental conditions and the development of different servitized business models based on service delivery through digital technologies. These hypotheses were tested based on collected data from the machine industry in Brazil, analyzed through ordinary least square regression with moderation. Then, we employed a multiple-case study approach to analyze different configurations of collaborative networks in Smart PSSs. We used case studies of companies in France, Italy, and Brazil. As a result, from the quantitative analysis, we found technological turbulence affecting the innovation performance of Smart PSSs, in which customer data integration supports more innovative outcomes to a certain degree. In addition, we found different combinations of service provision through digital technologies to develop different servitized business models, supported by the integration with different actors. From the qualitative analysis, we found that collaboration is related to the degree of innovation of the offering and showed how different types of collaboration result in different relational implications. This thesis demonstrates how product firms can collaborate with external actors to develop Smart PSSs, and what they require in terms of digital resources and relational assets, considering their strategic objectives under environmental conditions. The findings are summarized in a proposed model, which addresses research gaps in digital servitization literature and supports practitioners' guidance in this process

The contribution of Smart Glasses for PSS

International audienc

Collaborating with service and digital suppliers for smart product-service systems development: Collaborative configurations based on the social exchange theory

International audienc