Heat Pipe and Thermosyphon for Thermal Management of Thermoelectric Cooling

The heat pipe and thermosyphon are passive heat transfer devices with phase change, which can be applied for thermal management of thermoelectric cooling, such as the TEC hot side. The heat pipes basically consist of a metal tube sealed with capillary structure internally that is embedded with a working fluid. This capillary structure can be made of screen meshes, grooves, or sintered media. The thermosyphon is a heat pipe assisted by gravity, because it has no capillary structure. Then, in this chapter, manufacturing of low cost and easy-to-manufacture heat pipes and thermosyphon is described in detail, and an experimental evaluation of their thermal performance is accomplished. The considered devices were a rod, a thermosyphon, a mesh heat pipe, a grooved heat pipe, and a sintered heat pipe. According to the behavior of the global thermal resistance and the effective thermal conductivity, the passive devices operated satisfactorily with the exception of the rod and the thermosyphon in the horizontal position. The heat pipes were the best among the tested devices and the best position was vertical

Optimal Income Crossover for Two-Class Model Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Personal income distribution may exhibit a two-class structure, such that the lower income class of the population (85-98%) is described by exponential Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution, whereas the upper income class (15-2%) has a Pareto power-law distribution. We propose a method, based on a theoretical and numerical optimization scheme, which allows us to determine the crossover income between the distributions, the temperature of the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution and the Pareto index. Using this method, the Brazilian income distribution data provided by the National Household Sample Survey was studied. The data was stratified into two dichotomies (sex/gender and color/race), so the model was tested using different subsets along with accessing the economic differences between these groups. Lastly, we analyse the temporal evolution of the parameters of our model and the Gini coefficient discussing the implication on the Brazilian income inequality. To our knowledge, for the first time an optimization method is proposed in order to find a continuous two-class income distribution, which is able to delimit the boundaries of the two distributions. It also gives a measure of inequality which is a function that depends only on the Pareto index and the percentage of people in the high income region. It was found a temporal dynamics relation, that may be general, between the Pareto and the percentage of people described by the Pareto tail.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Physical Review

Crescimento de mudas, micropropagadas de abacaxizeiro e bananeira, em substrato suplementado com rizobactérias.

Mudas de bananeira, micropropagadas, embora sejam sadias e homogêneas, são ausentes da microbiota benéfica, que desempenha papel fundamental no crescimento da planta e adaptação às condições de estress

Combining 1,3-Ditriazolylbenzene and Quinoline to Discover a New G-Quadruplex-Interactive Small Molecule Active against Cancer Stem-Like Cells

Quadruplex nucleic acids are promising targets for cancer therapy. In this study we used a fragment‐based approach to create new flexible G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA‐interactive small molecules with good calculated oral drug‐like properties, based on quinoline and triazole heterocycles. G4 melting temperature and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐stop assays showed that two of these compounds are selective G4 ligands, as they were able to induce and stabilize G4s in a dose‐ and DNA sequence‐dependent manner. Molecular docking studies have suggested plausible quadruplex binding to both the G‐quartet and groove, with the quinoline module playing the major role. Compounds were screened for cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines, where 4,4′‐(4,4′‐(1,3‐phenylene)bis(1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4,1‐diyl))bis(1‐methylquinolin‐1‐ium) (1 d) showed the greater activity. Importantly, dose–response curves show that 1 d is cytotoxic in the human colon cancer HT‐29 cell line enriched in cancer stem‐like cells, a subpopulation of cells implicated in chemoresistance. Overall, this study identified a new small molecule as a promising lead for the development of drugs targeting G4 in cancer stem cells

Construção de um Corpus etiquetado morfologicamente do português não padrão

Resumo. Um corpus linguístico facilita os estudos sobre a língua, já que possibilita ao pesquisador acesso a um grande volume de dados. Esse trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um corpus etiquetado morfologicamente do português brasileiro não padrão. Atualmente, o corpus possui cerca de 5 milhões de palavras etiquetadas morfologicamente e pretende-se na próxima etapa avaliar essa ferramenta junto a especialistas da área.Abstract. A linguistic corpus helps researchers, since it allows them access to a vast amount of data. This work describes the development of morphologically labeled corpus of non-standard Brazilian Portuguese. Currently, the corpus has about 5 million morphologically labeled words and we plan to evaluate this tool with specialists in the linguistic area as a future work.Palavras-chave: Corpus, Etiquetador, Processamento de Linguagem Natural

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of early esophageal and gastric cancer - initial experience of a western center

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a new Japanese technique characterized by en-bloc resection of the entire lesion irrespective of size, with lower local recurrence when compared to endoscopic mucosal resection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, early results and complications of the endoscopic submucosal dissection technique for treating early gastric and esophageal cancer at the Endoscopic Unit of Clinics Hospital and Cancer Institute of the São Paulo University. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients underwent endoscopic resection using the endoscopic submucosal dissection technique for early gastric or esophageal cancer. The patients were evaluated prospectively as to the executability of the technique, the short-term results of the procedure and complications. RESULTS: Sixteen gastric adenocarcinoma lesions and six esophageal squamous carcinoma lesions were resected. In the stomach, the mean diameter of the lesions was 16.2 mm (0.6-3.5 mm). Eight lesions were type IIa + IIc, four were type IIa and four IIc, with thirteen being well differentiated and three undifferentiated. Regarding the degree of invasion, five were M2, seven were M3, two were Sm1 and one was Sm2. The mean duration of the procedures was 85 min (20-160 min). In the esophagus, all of the lesions were type IIb, with a mean diameter of 17.8 mm (6-30 mm). Regarding the degree of invasion, three were M1, one was M2, one was M3 and one was Sm1. All had free lateral and deep margins. The mean time of the procedure was 78 min (20-150 min). CONCLUSION: The endoscopic submucosal dissection technique was feasible in our service with a high success rate