Development and natural nodulation of legume trees in soils from Pernambuco, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento e nodulação natural de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala), palheteira (Clitoria fairchildiana) e sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia), em solos com diferentes formas de uso da terra, da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. Foram utilizados quatro solos de mata, seis solos de áreas agrícolas e dois de áreas degradadas. Os solos foram classificados, analisados quimicamente e distribuídos, 3 kg de solo por vaso, com duas plantas por vaso. A colheita das mudas foi feita aos 76, 70 e 62 dias, para leucena, palheteira e sabiá, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos e 3 repetições. Foram constatadas baixas freqüências de populações nativas de rizóbios para leucena, 22% de plantas noduladas, em comparação à palheteira e sabiá, 100 e 86%, respectivamente. A palheteira apresentou nodulação natural abundante e eficiência na fixação de N2, o que demonstra compatibilidade com as populações nativas de rizóbios. O crescimento, o desenvolvimento, a nodulação e o acúmulo de nitrogênio das três espécies foram favorecidos no solo de área agrícola com cobertura de Calopogonium mucunoides. A palheteira apresentou o maior potencial para fixação de N2 e eficiência da nodulação com populações nativas de rizóbios, seguida por sabiá e leucena.The objective of this work was to evaluate the development and natural nodulation of Leucaena leucocephala, Clitoria fairchildiana and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, in soils with different type of land use, in Zona da Mata of Pernambuco, Brazil. Soils of four forest areas, six agriculture areas and two degraded areas were used. Soils were classified, analyzed chemically and distributed in pots 3 kg soil per pot, two plants per pot. Plant evaluations were carried out at 76, 70 and 62 days, for L. leucocephala, C. fairchildiana and M. caesalpiniifolia, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 12 treatments and 3 repetitions. Low frequencies of native populations of rhizobia were verified for L. leucocephala, with 22% of plants nodulated, compared to C. fairchildiana and M. caesalpiniifolia, with 100% and 86%, respectively. M. caesalpiniifolia presented abundant natural nodulation and efficiency in the fixation of N2, demonstrating compatibility with native populations of rhizobia. Growth, development, nodulation as well as accumulation of nitrogen of the three species, were favored with soil under agricultural areas with covering of Calopogonium mucunoides. C. fairchildiana presented greater potential for fixation of N2 and efficiency of the nodulation with native populations of rhizobia followed by M. caesalpiniifolia and L. leucocephala

Isolation and Characterization of Plant Growth-Promotion Diazotrophic Endophytic Bacteria Associated to Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Grown in Paraíba, Brazil

Sugarcane is an important Brazilian commodity, being usually cultivated in soils with low natural fertility. This study aimed to isolate diazotrophic endophytes from sugarcane tissues and evaluate the morphological and physiological characteristics of their colonies as well as their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits in select diazotrophic endophytic bacteria. Fifty-six bacterial isolates were identified in the sugarcane tissues, and these isolates presented distinct morphological and physiological traits. A total of thirty-five bacterial isolates were biochemically evaluated. Overall, Bacillus was the dominant genus. Isolates of Methylobacterium spp. and Brevibacillus agri were present only in leaves, while Herbaspirillum seropedicae occurred only in stems. Except to IPA-CF45A, all isolates were nitrogenase positive. All endophytes exhibit production of indol 3-acetic acid. Over 50% of endophytes solubilize phosphate, release N-acyl homoserine lactones, and present the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, catalase, lipase and protease. The network analysis showed that isolates belonged to Burkholderia, Herbaspirillum, and Methylobacterium interact with Bacillus. Bacterial endophytes exhibited distinct morphological, physiological, and PGP traits that are useful for sustainable agriculture, highlighting the isolates IPA-CC33, IPA-CF65, IPA-CC9 and IPA-CF27. Further studies on the effects of these diazotrophic endophytes and their potential for providing microbial inoculants for improving sugarcane fields will provide valuable information to maintain the sustainability and environment quality.National Council for Scientific and Technological Development 426655/2018-

<b>Cowpea nodulation, biomass yield and nutrient uptake, as affected by biofertilizers and rhizobia, in a sodic soil amended with <i>Acidithiobacillus</i></b> - doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v35i4.16994

Sodic soils require application of amendments as gypsum and organic matter. Many types of compost have been tested in sodic soils reclamation; however, these materials often do not provide satisfactory pH reduction. A recent study reported effective effects applying mixture of gypsum and sulfur inoculated with Acidithiobacillus in sodic soils with high pH and exchangeable sodium, though the effects on plant parameters were not evaluated. The present study was conducted to verify the effects of BPK rock biofertilizers on nodulation, biomass yield and nutrient uptake in cowpea compared with mineral fertilizer after sodic soil amendment. The BPK biofertilizers and PK mineral fertilizer were applied at different rates, and plants were inoculated with effective rhizobia strains. A control that did not receive PK fertilization was included. The results indicated that gypsum and sulfur with Acidithiobacillus reduced the soil’s pH and the amount of soil exchangeable sodium. BPK rock biofertilizer increased cowpea nodulation, biomass yield and nutrient uptake. The native rhizobia in the soil exhibited effectiveness in cowpea growth; displaying similar results compared with the rhizobia inoculated plants. BPK biofertilizers may be used as alternative to mineral PK fertilizers in sodic soils after the application of gypsum and sulfur inoculated with Acidithiobacillus

Inoculation of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria in Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão supports in tolerance to drought stress

This study evaluated the influence of Azospirillum lipoferum on the growth of Myracroduon urundeuva (Anacardiaceae) plants under drought stress, by means of biometric, physical–chemical and biochemical parameters. The association of A. lipoferum with the roots of the plants provided increases of 30% root length, 50% root dry weight, 34% shoot dry weight and 10% soluble protein content. The inoculated plants still maintained 5% higher leaf water potential than those not inoculated and lower membrane damage. Furthermore, the inoculated plants shown less leaf fall and dark green leaves, confirmed by maintenance of the highest levels of chlorophyl a, b and total. On the other hand, superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in the inoculated plants, possibly due to the induction of a non-enzymatic protective feature. In this way, the inoculation of PGPR in M. urundeuva can be an alternative for the production of plants that are more tolerant to drought stress

Evolution of nutrient availability in maturation phase of composting using proportions of different residues inoculated with Beijerinckia indica

<div><p>ABSTRACT. Organic matter has low N content; however, organic matter may be enriched by inoculation with selected diazotrophic bacteria. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the effects of biofertilizer produced by mixing different types and proportions of organic matter inoculated with the diazotrophic bacteria Beijerinckia indica. The experiment consisted of plastic trays (6 L) containing 5 kg of three different types of organic matter (filter mud cake, earthworm compost, and crop residue) applied in the following proportions (v:v:v): 1-(5:0:0), 2-(4:1:0), 3-(4:0:1), 4-(3:2:0), 5-(3:1:1), 6-(3:0:2), 7-(2:3:0), 8-(2:2:1), 9-(2:1:2), 10-(2:0:3), 11-(1:4:0), 12-(1:3:1), 13-(1:2:2), 14-(1:1:3), 15-(1:0:4), 16-(0:5:0), 17-(0:4:1), 18-(0:1:4), 19-(0:3:2), 20-(0:2:3), and 21-(0:0:5). Samples were collected following inoculation with B. indica at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days of the maturation phase. The chemical analyses were: pH (H2O), total C and N, available P and K, and exchangeable Na+, Ca+2, Mg+2. The treatments with the best results showed significant effects following the maturation phase. The exceptions were C and N, which presented only individual effects. In general, the organic matter proportions (5:0:0), (3:2:0), and (2:3:0) resulted in a significant increase in the availability of nutrients. Biofertilizers with optimal organic matter proportions may be used to produce organic substrates that are more effective and have the potential to be applied as alternatives to soluble NPK fertilizers.</p></div