Scaling Laws for Single and Multiple Electron Loss from Projectiles in Collisions with a Many-electron Target

Using measured cross sections, empirical scaling laws are extracted for projectile stripping induced by collisions with a many-electron target. by scaling both the cross sections and the impact velocities, it is shown that a single universal curve can be used to fit data for single and multiple electron loss from negative ions, neutral particles, and singly or multiply charged positive ions. The scaling applies to projectiles ranging from hydrogen to uranium and collision energies ranging from below keV∕u to hundreds of MeV∕u . At high energies, existing data are consistent with a v−1 impact velocity dependence for scaled velocities less than 10. Limited data imply that above 10 the velocity dependence becomes v−2 . Using our universal curve, cross sections are predicted for electron loss from low-charge-state heavy ions at 20 and 100 MeV∕u

Doubly Differential Cross Sections for Single and Multiple Ionization of Ne by Electron Impact

We present doubly differential cross sections for single and multiple ionization of the outer shell of neon by 750 eV electron impact. The distinction between single and multiple ionization was achieved by performing a charge state analysis of the recoil ions in coincidence with forward scattered, energy analyzed electrons. By a comparison to photon impact data, the contribution of the second-order double ionization mechanism is estimated and found to be neglible at this impact energy. Following a similar procedure adopted by J. A. R. Samson [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2861 (1990)], the importance of the first-order TS-1 double ionization mechanism is also estimated. As a result it is found that for large energy losses shakeoff is the dominant double ionization mechanism

An Experiment with 3 Layers Development for IoT with NodeMCU12e + Nextion

This paper presents the results of an experimental research with the development of a 3 layer solution for the Internet of Things using the NodeMCU12e controller and the Nextion touchscreen display to provide monitoring projects for individuals who require remote monitoring and special care, involving the health area, monitoring of patients, children or people who are in medical treatment who need a remote monitoring. The results demonstrated the possibilities for creating solutions that could serve as a basis for new projects with greater amplitude, contributing to more robust solutions that can meet different types of products that can collaborate with the health of the population in general

The Use of Patents to Assess National Innovation Systems: Evidences from Spanish Biotechnology

Spain’s economy recorded a high rate of growth from the mid-1990s onwards. At the same time, the resources allocated to Research and Development (R&D) grew at a much faster pace than in other European Union (EU) countries. Spain’s growth recorded an average rate of 2.93% from the early 1990s to 2004. Over the same period, the average growth in the EU was 0.46%. This circumstance, together with several sound policy decisions implemented between 2004 and 2009, ushered in a “golden age of Spanish biotechnology”. In terms of the national patent licenses issued by the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office (SPTO) between 2004 and 2009, the number in biotechnology grew from 84 to 151. However, the current economic situation in Spain, along with a series of political decisions taken over the past two or three years to cut spending on R&D, predicts a sharp downturn in the performance of Spanish biotechnology. This scenario makes Spain one of the best places to study the successes and failures of the management of science and allows transfer this experience to the other international regions. We need to analyze the influence of political decisions as a major factor with a bearing on the quality of science. Using patents as an indicator of scientific development, this paper analyzes the evolution of the biotechnology sector in Spain and its relationship with scientific policy and the management of R&D

Climatic vulnerabilities and ecological preferences of soil invertebrates across biomes.

Unlike plants and vertebrates, the ecological preferences, and potential vulnerabilities of soil invertebrates to environmental change, remain poorly understood in terrestrial ecosystems globally. We conducted a cross-biome survey including 83 locations across six continents to advance our understanding of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity of dominant and functionally important soil invertebrate taxa, including nematodes, arachnids and rotifers. The diversity of invertebrates was analyzed through amplicon sequencing. Vegetation and climate drove the diversity and dominant taxa of soil invertebrates. Our results suggest that declines in forest cover and plant diversity, and reductions in plant production associated with increases in aridity, can result in reductions of the diversity of soil invertebrates in a drier and more managed world. We further developed global atlases of the diversity of these important soil invertebrates, which were cross-validated using an independent database. Our study advances the current knowledge of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity and presence of functionally important soil invertebrates in soils from across the globe. This information is fundamental for improving and prioritizing conservation efforts of soil genetic resources and management policies

Energy Interpretation of Solar Radiation Affects for Artemisa Province

Solar energy is one of the renewable sources with the best prospects for the future, which can have used directly in two fundamental ways: thermal energy and photovoltaic solar energy. Photovoltaic systems are a viable alternative to diversify the energy base worldwide, being able to inject electrical energy into the grid. The work shows the study of the energy interpretation of solar radiation that affects the province of Artemisa, for its possible use in the generation of electricity, based on the introduction of photovoltaic systems connected to the electricity grid. A theoretical analysis is made about the solar potential and the influence of the climatic variables in the use of it, the territory of the Artemisa province is characterized, where the solar radiation for the generation of electricity is valued, the energy impact is evaluated. Derives from the use of solar radiation that affects the territory to generate electrical energy