Respuestas asociadas al déficit hídrico en leguminosas :aumulación de prolina y estrés nitro-oxidativo

Tribunal: Dra. Ana Denicola, Dra. Madia Trujillo, Dra. Sabina Vidal

Naticid boreholes on a tertiary cylichnid gastropod from southern Patagonia

The fossil communities are in clear disadvantage when it comes to study the interactions among the species included in them. However, predation on shells gives us the possibility to examine at least some of these interactions. The diameter of the borehole, its placement, and the volume of the prey are parameters that can be easily recorded. Diverse combinations of these may allow inference about the size of the predator and the time spent on the perforation (Kitchell et al., 1981).Fil: Signorelli, Javier Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Roberto Santiago Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Griffin, Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin

Autophagy in Plants: Both a Puppet and a Puppet Master of Sugars

Autophagy is a major pathway that recycles cellular components in eukaryotic cells both under stressed and non-stressed conditions. Sugars participate both metabolically and as signaling molecules in development and response to various environmental and nutritional conditions. It is therefore essential to maintain metabolic homeostasis of sugars during non-stressed conditions in cells, not only to provide energy, but also to ensure effective signaling when exposed to stress. In both plants and animals, autophagy is activated by the energy sensor SnRK1/AMPK and inhibited by TOR kinase. SnRK1/AMPK and TOR kinases are both important regulators of cellular metabolism and are controlled to a large extent by the availability of sugars and sugar-phosphates in plants whereas in animals AMP/ATP indirectly translate sugar status. In plants, during nutrient and sugar deficiency, SnRK1 is activated, and TOR is inhibited to allow activation of autophagy which in turn recycles cellular components in an attempt to provide stress relief. Autophagy is thus indirectly regulated by the nutrient/sugar status of cells, but also regulates the level of nutrients/sugars by recycling cellular components. In both plants and animals sugars such as trehalose induce autophagy and in animals this is independent of the TOR pathway. The glucose-activated G-protein signaling pathway has also been demonstrated to activate autophagy, although the exact mechanism is not completely clear. This mini-review will focus on the interplay between sugar signaling and autophagy

Presencia de Pteria colymbus (Bivalvia: Pteriidae) en aguas argentinas

The family Pteriidae is well represented in tropical and subtropical continental shelf regions. Two na- mes belonging to the genus Pteria are usually recorded in the literature from the southwestern Atlantic: P. colym- bus (Röding) and P. hirundo (Linnaeus). The study of living specimens sampled off Buenos Aires coast aboard of the R/V Puerto Deseado allows updating the geographic range of the Atlantic wing oyster Pteria colymbus in the region. Type materials of related species are illustrated. Ecological requirements and shell morphology descrip- tion of P. colymbus are provided. This study constitutes the first revision of this species from Argentine waters.La familia Pteriidae se encuentra bien representada en áreas tropicales y subtropicales. A lo largo del océano Atlántico sudoccidental, dos nombres pertenecientes al género Pteria han sido citados en la bibliografía. Estos son: P. colymbus (Röding) y P. hirundo (Linnaeus). El estudio de nuevos ejemplares vivos recolectados frente a las costas de Buenos Aires a bordo del BO Puerto Deseado permitió actualizar el rango de distribución geográfica de la especie Pteria colym- bus. Adicionalmente se ilustró el material tipo de las especies nominales relacionadas. Se relevaron los requisitos ecológicos y se describió la morfología de la concha de P. colymbus. Este estudio constituye la primera revisión de esta especie en aguas argentinas.Fil: Signorelli, Javier Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Teso, Silvia Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Roberto Santiago Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; Argentin

Editorial: Drought stress in legumes

Plants are challenged by diverse environmental constraints, among which drought stress is increasingly important. Meteorological models predict an increase in the areas prone to drought in the future. Legumes are important sources of fiber, oils, and protein, constituting an essential amenity in the global economy. Additionally, legumes contribute to nitrogen input in the biosphere due to their ability to establish symbiotic interactions with diazotrophs, collectively named rhizobia. Therefore, efforts to decipher the molecular, metabolic, physiological, and agronomic responses are crucial contributing novel strategies to aid drought tolerance in legumes. This Research Topic contains articles either providing new findings or discussing the latest research concerning drought research in legumes, including one mini-review on soybean tolerance to drought (Arya et al.) and seven original research papers dealing with strategies to confer drought tolerance such as priming (Zhou et al.); studies on intraspecific variation in traits associated with drought tolerance (Prince et al.); the analysis of water use efficiency under terminal drought (Polania et al.); and the contribution of a legume dehydrin to drought tolerance (Sun et al.); the functional characterization of a LOX gene family (Mou et al.); the functional analysis of a soybean APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) (Wang et al.); and a study on AP2/ERF gene family in a tolerant desert legume (Zhao et al.).AF work was financed by PICT-2020-02926 from FONCYT. Research in SRC lab is supported by DBT-Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship (BT/RLF/Re-entry/01/2018) and STARS Research Grant (MoE/STARS-1/508). SS work is supported by the CPR scheme of the International Centre of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) ICGEB_URY21_04_EC_2021 and the CSIC I+D program of CSIC (Uruguay) CSIC_I+D_2020_21. AF is thankful to National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET, Argentina), SS is thankful to the Uruguayan National System of Researchers (SNI, Uruguay) and the Basic Research Development Program (PEDECIBA, Uruguay). EG is thankful to the Navarra Government and the Public University of Navarra for research Furlan et al. 10.3389/fpls.2022.1026157 Frontiers in Plant Science 02 frontiersin.org funding (Spain). SC is thankful to the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati

sgRNA design and in vitro nucleolytic analysis of the Cas9‐RNP complex for transgene‐free genome editing of the eIF4E1 gene from Capsicum an‐ nuum L.

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a highly valued vegetable, renowned for its unique taste and aroma. However, chili production faces challenges in meeting the high demand due to infections caused by pathogens such as ChiVMV (potyvirus). Previous studies have suggested that chili eIF4E1 plays a crucial role in potyvirus gene transcription. Therefore, this study explores the potential of CRISPR‐Cas9‐based genome editing to enhance chili resistance by introducing premature stop codons or truncated proteins. Two sgRNAs were designed, targeting the first and second intron of the eIF4E1 gene. The production of Cas9 protein was assessed with varying IPTG concentrations in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), carrying 4xNLS‐pMJ915v2‐sfGFP plasmid with a TEV protease cut‐site at the N terminal. The findings indicate that the optimal IPTG concentration is 500 µM. Purification using an IMAC column confirmed the presence of Cas9 in the initial 2 mL of the eluted fractions, as indicated by numerous background proteins. Nevertheless, successful formation of Cas9‐RNP complexes was achieved for both sgRNAs. The nucleolytic activity of Tag‐Cas9 (carrying the MBP‐tag) and Cas9 was confirmed through in vitro endonuclease activity assays. The next step involved transfecting chili protoplasts with these RNP complexes to edit the chili eIF4E1 gene

Inoculantes rizobianos para alfalfa en suelos ácidos: Una propuesta para Uruguay

Ensifer meliloti establishes symbiosis with Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and other perennial species of Medicago that grow in soils with neutral to alkaline pH, whereas Ensifer medicae makes symbiosis with annual medics adapted to moderately acid soils. The new species Rhizobium favelukesii, whose strain is LPU83, belongs to an alfalfa group of inefficient rhizobia, known as the Oregon type, initially represented by Rhizobium sp. strain Or191. R. favelukesii is considered a potential risk in the acid soils where alfalfa is grown, and could explain the inefficient nodulation observed in different countries. In acidic soils from the «Dairy Basin» of Uruguay, producers inoculate alfalfa with E. melliloti U143 strain. This edaphic condition is often marginal because the maximum potential of rhizobia-alfalfa symbiosis is not achieved at acid pH. Although Uruguay has an outstanding position in the production and use of rhizobial inoculants, the commercial strains currently used in Trifolium, Lotus and alfalfa were selected about 50 years ago in different conditions that the present ones as a consequence of: i) the displacement of cultivated pastures to other sites, ii) the sowing method, and iii) the use of new cultivars. In this review, alfalfa inoculation is analyzed in some countries and a strategy for the development of an inoculant suitable for Uruguayan acid soils is proposed. This strategy is based on the selection of efficient and competitive strains, as the first selection criteria, and persistency in soil as the second one.Ensifer meliloti establece simbiosis con Medicago sativa (alfalfa) y otras especies perennes de Medicago que crecen en suelos con pH neutro a alcalino, mientras que Ensifer medicae lo hace con especies anuales adaptadas a suelos moderadamente ácidos. La nueva especie Rhizobium favelukesii, cuya cepa tipo es LPU83, pertenece a un grupo de rizobios ineficientes en alfalfa conocidos como tipo Oregon, representados inicialmente por Rhizobium sp. cepa Or191. R. favelukesii; se considera un riesgo potencial en suelos ácidos en los que se cultiva alfalfa, y podría explicar la nodulación ineficiente en diferentes países. En suelos ácidos de la «Cuenca lechera» de Uruguay los productores inoculan alfalfa con E. meliloti cepa U143. Esa condición edáfica a veces resulta marginal para la simbiosis rizobio-alfalfa porque a pH ácido no se logra su máximo potencial. Si bien Uruguay tiene una posición destacada en la producción y uso de inoculantes rizobianos, las cepas comerciales usadas actualmente en especies de Trifolium, Lotus y alfalfa se seleccionaron hace unos 50 años en condiciones diferentes a las actuales, consecuencia de: i) el desplazamiento de pasturas cultivadas a otros sitios, ii) el tipo de siembra y iii) el uso de nuevos cultivares. En esta revisión se analiza la inoculación de la alfalfa en algunos países y se propone una estrategia para el desarrollo de un inoculante apto para suelos ácidos en Uruguay. Esta estrategia se basa en la selección de cepas eficientes y competitivas como primer criterio y persistencia en suelos, como segundo.Fil: Tabares da Rosa, Sofía. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Signorelli, Santiago. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: del Papa, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Sabatini, Ornella. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Reyno, Rafael. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria; UruguayFil: Lattanzi, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria; UruguayFil: Rebuffo, Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria; UruguayFil: Sanjuán, Juan. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Monza Galetti, Jorge. Universidad de la República; Urugua

Linking Autophagy to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses

Autophagy is a process in which cellular components are delivered to lytic vacuoles to be recycled and has been demonstrated to promote abiotic/biotic stress tolerance. Here, we review how the responses triggered by stress conditions can affect autophagy and its signaling pathways. Besides the role of SNF-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) and TOR kinases in the regulation of autophagy, abscisic acid (ABA) and its signaling kinase SnRK2 have emerged as key players in the induction of autophagy under stress conditions. Furthermore, an interplay between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy is observed, ROS being able to induce autophagy and autophagy able to reduce ROS production. We also highlight the importance of osmotic adjustment for the successful performance of autophagy and discuss the potential role of GABA in plant survival and ethylene (ET)-induced autophagy