Significance of calcium: its correlation with red and white muscle contraction, fatigue and potential

According to the predominant types of muscle fibers in an individual, they will have the ability to perform different types of exercises (both aerobic and anaerobic). To comprehend the mechanism of muscle fibers, which can act in diverse ways, enhancing either resistance or power, it is essential to examine the significance of calcium. Calcium plays a crucial role in both red and white muscle fibers. The release of calcium in white (fast-twitch) muscle fibers is significantly greater and faster, resulting in increased energy consumption, facilitating explosive physical activities. Conversely, in red (slow-twitch) muscle fibers, the release of calcium occurs in smaller amounts and over a prolonged period, leading to sustained energy consumption. The characteristics of contraction in red fibers enable endurance activities. A reduction in the amount of calcium results in diminished muscle contractile capacity, known as fatigue. The primary contributing factor, as previously mentioned, is the decline in calcium, but factors such as lactic acid and the dephosphorylation of the myosin head also contribute to its onset

Drug induced iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome

Drug-induced (iatrogenic) Cushing's syndrome results from excessive or prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids, commonly prescribed for autoimmune, inflammatory, and hematological disorders due to their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and proapoptotic effects. Despite their therapeutic benefits, these medications can lead to a range of multisystemic symptoms mirroring those of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. This review aims to elucidate the causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, emphasizing awareness of medications that can trigger its onset. The following review covers cortisol physiology, Cushing's syndrome etiology and subtypes, hypercortisolism complications and prognosis, and strategies for glucocorticoid withdrawal. This article synthesizes key findings and recommendations, highlighting challenges and controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome

Comorbidities in a sample of adults with HIV in Puerto Rico: an exploratory study.

Background: Puerto Rico is among the areas with the highest estimated rates of people living with HIV in the United States. Despite the epidemiologic data available, there is limited real-world information that can help understand the comorbidities of people with HIV. In this study, we describe common comorbidities among adults with HIV attending treatment clinics in Puerto Rico. Methods: An exploratory, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at five HIV clinics in Puerto Rico. A random sample of medical records was reviewed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient demographics, morbidity, and clinical characteristics. Multivariate analyses were conducted to explore comorbidities by age and sex. Results: A total of 250 (179 men; 71 women) medical records were reviewed. Participants\u27 mean age was 47.9 years and on average they had been living with HIV for 9 years. Most (97.6%) had at least one comorbidity. The most common comorbidities were dyslipidemia and hypertension. Men were more likely to have been diagnosed with alcohol misuse while women were more likely to have been diagnosed with obesity, human papillomavirus (HPV), hypothyroidism, and osteoporosis. Participants younger than 50 years of age were more likely to have history of alcohol misuse while older individuals (50 years and old) were more likely to have been diagnosed with dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Adjusting by sex and age, women were more likely to have been diagnosed with obesity and depression and those older than 50 years were more likely to have had a diagnosis of dyslipidemia, hypertension, HPV, and diabetes. Conclusions: This is one of the few studies assessing comorbidities among adults with HIV in Puerto Rico, among Latino/Hispanics within the United States, and Latin America. Consistent with other studies, cardiovascular diseases are common among adults with HIV in Puerto Rico. Findings support the need for awareness and real-world evidence about comorbidities among people with HIV when implementing screenings and prescribing drugs

Receptor de GPS para vehículos experimentales VEX

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la experiencia en vuelo a bordo de los cohetes experimentales VEX-1A y VEX-1B, lanzados durante el año 2014, de un receptor de GPS (Sistema de Posicionamiento Global) desarrollado en la Facultad de Ingeniería. Este receptor es producto de una serie de convenios de desarrollo firmados entre la Universidad Nacional de La Plata y la empresa VENG S.A (Vehículos Espaciales Nueva Generación, Sociedad Anónima), contratista principal para el proyecto Tronador II de la Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CoNAE), que depende del Ministerio de Planificación Federal, Inversión Pública y Servicios.Publicado en Terceras Jornadas de Investigación, Transferencia y Extensión. La Plata : Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2015.Facultad de Ingenierí

Receptor GNSS doble antena y multifrecuencia para nanosatélites compatible con formato CUBESAT

Entre las principales líneas de trabajo de la UIDET SENyT se destaca al desarrollo de sistemas de navegación y telecomunicaciones. En particular, previamente a la creación de la UIDET se han desarrollado receptores para Sistemas Globales de Navegación por Satélite (GNSS) de alto desempeño aptos para aplicaciones espaciales en donde se requiere una elevada confiabilidad [1]. En este trabajo, se presenta la implementación y las pruebas de funcionamiento parciales de un receptor GNSS apto para su uso en satélites con factor de forma compatible con los denominados cubesats. El receptor posee dos entradas de antena y es capaz de operar en las bandas L1 y L2 de GPS y L1 de GLONASS, dos de los principales sistemas de navegación por satélite a nivel global.Facultad de Ingenierí

Desempeño del receptor GNSS de múltiples antenas

Los receptores de señales GNSS (Sistema Global de Navegación por Satélite) prestan servicio en una amplia variedad de aplicaciones donde es necesario determinar la posición, velocidad y hora precisa de un usuario o grupo de estos, ya sea en tiempo real o mediante postprocesamiento. En general, para la correcta recepción de las señales electromagnéticas transmitidas por los satélites es suficiente contar con una única antena correctamente orientada. No obstante, en una gran variedad de vehículos aeroespaciales este requisito se torna difícil de satisfacer debido por un lado a los cambios en la orientación a los que se encuentra sometido el vehículo durante el vuelo, y por otro a que existen una serie de restricciones de diseño importantes sobre las posibles ubicaciones de la antena en el cuerpo del vehículo. Una solución consiste en utilizar N antenas distribuidas espacialmente con diferentes orientaciones sobre la superficie del vehículo. Asociado a cada antena se requiere contar con una etapa de acondicionamiento en RF, una etapa de digitalización y una etapa de procesamiento digital, lo que implica diseñar un receptor ad-hoc. En se presentó un trabajo con el diseño de un receptor GPS/GLONASS de cuatro antenas basado en estos requerimientos. En todo proceso de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica resulta de particular importancia la planificación y realización de ensayos que permitan evaluar el desempeño, tanto en etapas tempranas a los efectos de introducir correcciones y mejoras, como en el diseño final a los efectos de validar el mismo. Para ello se requiere contar con el instrumental adecuado y diseñar correctamente los experimentos. En este trabajo se presentan los experimentos más significativos que se realizaron, y los resultados que se obtuvieron, los cuales han permitido la evaluación del desempeño del prototipo desarrollado.Sección: Electrotecnia.Facultad de Ingenierí

Precision Betacarotene Supplementation Enhanced Ovarian Function and the LH Release Pattern in Yearling Crossbred Anestrous Goats

The possible out-of-season effect of beta-carotene supplementation on ovulation rate (OR), antral follicles (AFN), and total ovarian activity (TOA = OR + AFN) as related to the LH release pattern in yearling anestrous goats was evaluated. In late April, Alpine-Saanen-Nubian x Criollo goats (n = 22, 26 N) were randomly allotted to: (1) Beta-carotene (BETA; n = 10, orally supplemented with 50 mg/goat/d; 36.4 ± 1.07 kg live weight (LW), 3.5 ± 0.20 units, body condition score (BCS) or (2) Non-supplemented (CONT; n = 12, 35.2 ± 1.07 kg LW, 3.4 ± 0.2 units BCS). Upon estrus synchronization, an intensive blood sampling (6 h × 15 min) was accomplished in May for LH quantifications; response variables included (pulsatility-PULSE, time to first pulse-TTFP, amplitude-AMPL, nadir-NAD and area under the curve-AUC). Thereafter, an ultrasonography scanning was completed to assess OR and AFN. The Munro algorithm was used to quantify LH pulsatility; if significant effects of time, treatment or interaction were identified, data were compared across time. Neither LW nor BCS (p > 0.05) or even the LH (p > 0.05); PULSE (4.1 ± 0.9 pulses/6 h), NAD (0.47 ± 0.13 ng) and AUC (51.7 ± 18.6 units) differed between treatments. Nonetheless, OR (1.57 vs. 0.87 ± 0.18 units) and TOA (3.44 vs. 1.87 ± 0.45 units) escorted by a reduced TTFP (33 vs. 126 ± 31.9 min) and an increased AMPL (0.55 vs. 0.24 ± 0.9 ng), favored to the BETA supplemented group (p < 0.05), possibly through a GnRH-LH enhanced pathway and(or) a direct effect at ovarian level. Results are relevant to speed-up the out-of-season reproductive outcomes in goats while may embrace translational applications

Desempeño del receptor GNSS de múltiples antenas

Los receptores de señales GNSS (Sistema Global de Navegación por Satélite) prestan servicio en una amplia variedad de aplicaciones donde es necesario determinar la posición, velocidad y hora precisa de un usuario o grupo de estos, ya sea en tiempo real o mediante postprocesamiento. En general, para la correcta recepción de las señales electromagnéticas transmitidas por los satélites es suficiente contar con una única antena correctamente orientada. No obstante, en una gran variedad de vehículos aeroespaciales este requisito se torna difícil de satisfacer debido por un lado a los cambios en la orientación a los que se encuentra sometido el vehículo durante el vuelo, y por otro a que existen una serie de restricciones de diseño importantes sobre las posibles ubicaciones de la antena en el cuerpo del vehículo. Una solución consiste en utilizar N antenas distribuidas espacialmente con diferentes orientaciones sobre la superficie del vehículo. Asociado a cada antena se requiere contar con una etapa de acondicionamiento en RF, una etapa de digitalización y una etapa de procesamiento digital, lo que implica diseñar un receptor ad-hoc. En se presentó un trabajo con el diseño de un receptor GPS/GLONASS de cuatro antenas basado en estos requerimientos. En todo proceso de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica resulta de particular importancia la planificación y realización de ensayos que permitan evaluar el desempeño, tanto en etapas tempranas a los efectos de introducir correcciones y mejoras, como en el diseño final a los efectos de validar el mismo. Para ello se requiere contar con el instrumental adecuado y diseñar correctamente los experimentos. En este trabajo se presentan los experimentos más significativos que se realizaron, y los resultados que se obtuvieron, los cuales han permitido la evaluación del desempeño del prototipo desarrollado.Sección: Electrotecnia.Facultad de Ingenierí

Does Size Matters? Relationships among Social Dominance and Some Morphometric Traits upon Out-of-Season Reproductive Outcomes in Anestrus Dairy Goats Treated with P4 + eCG

The possible role of the social rank (R) (i.e., low-LSR, middle-MSR, or high-HSR) in anestrus goats exposed to a P4 + eCG (D) (i.e., 100 or 350 IU) estrus induction protocol (EIP) was evaluated. Goats (Alpine-Saanen-Nubian × Criollo; n = 70; 25° North) managed under stall-fed conditions were all ultrasound evaluated to confirm anestrous status, while the social rank was determined 30 d prior to the EIP. The response variables included estrus induction (EI, %), duration of estrus (DUR, h), ovulation rate (OR, n), live weight (LW, kg), thoracic perimeter (TP, cm), thoracic diameter (TD, cm), body length (BL, cm), height at withers (HW, cm), beard length (BEA, cm), compactness index (COM, cm), and anamorphosis index (ANA, cm), as affected by R, D, and the R × D interaction were evaluated, while the correlation coefficients among reproductive and morphometric variables were quantified. An R × D interaction (p 0.05) with any response variable, either reproductive or morphometric. As expected, LW had high correlation coefficients (p < 0.01) with TP (0.86), TD (0.88), BL (0.82), HW (0.75), BEA (0.51), COM (0.97), and ANA (0.75). In general, the morphometric variables as a whole demonstrated important correlation coefficients among them (p < 0.01), ranging from 0.38 up to 0.84. To estimate the importance of the morphometric differences between social rank upon estrus induction, a principal component (PC) analysis was performed based on the correlation matrix derived from the corporal measurements. The PC1 and PC2 explained 70.3% and 17.6% of the morphometric variation, respectively. The PC1 was a measure of the goat size (i.e., small, medium, large) and its association with estrus occurrence was evaluated using a logistic regression model; the bigger the goat, the increased probability of being in estrus, by up to five times compared to small goats. Our results confirm that the higher social ranked, larger goats amalgamated some fundamental factors to be successful: aggressiveness, primacy to food access, augmented live weight, and corporal size; all of these were able to modulate out-of-season reproductive success in crossbred dairy goats subjected to an estrus induction protocol and managed under stall-fed conditions in Northern Mexico