Thyroid hormone action is required for normal cone opsin expression during mouse retinal development

PURPOSE. The expression of S- and M-opsins in the murine retina is altered in different transgenic mouse models with mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor (TR)-beta gene, demonstrating an important role of thyroid hormone (TH) in retinal development. METHODS. The spatial expression of S- and M-opsin was compared in congenital hypothyroidism and in two different TR mutant mouse models. One mouse model contains a ligand-binding mutation that abolishes TH binding and results in constitutive binding to nuclear corepressors. The second model contains a mutation that blocks binding of coactivators to the AF-2 domain without affecting TH binding. RESULTS. Hypothyroid newborn mice showed an increase in S- opsin expression that was completely independent of the genotype. Concerning M-opsin expression, hypothyroidism caused a significant decrease (P < 0.01) only in wild-type animals. When TR beta 1 and -beta 2 were T3-binding defective, the pattern of opsin expression was similar to TR beta ablation, showing increased S- opsin expression in the dorsal retina and no expression of M-opsin in the entire retina. In an unexpected finding, immunostaining for both opsins was detected when both subtypes of TR beta were mutated in the helix 12 AF-2 domain. CONCLUSIONS. The results show, for the first time, that the expression of S- and M-opsin is dependent on normal thyroid hormone levels during development

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La posibilidad de unos estudios ibéricos depende de su inventiva teórica tras desarmar el modelo que une Estado, nación y cultura en la historia social de la literatura, especialmente si se tiene en cuenta la compleja formación del Estado español en su relación con los territorios de la península. De este modo, cobrarían importancia los modos políticos en que la literatura interviene entre los aparatos de gobierno por fuera de sus mediaciones culturales oficiales. Sin embargo, al mismo tiempo es importante tener en cuenta su rol en la formación y la diseminación de una ideología del Estado. Esto implica una reflexión sobre el rol de la crítica literaria y una reconsideración de la noción de forma.The possibility of Iberian Studies depends on its theoretical inventiveness after disarming the model that unites state, nation and culture in the social history of literature, especially if the complex conformation of the Spanish state in its relation with the territories of the peninsula is taken into account. The political modes in which literature intervenes among government apparatuses outside its official cultural mediations would thus gain prominence. At the same time, it is important to take into account its role in shaping and disseminating a State ideology. This implies a reflection on the role of literary criticism and a reconsideration of the notion of form.Fil: Topuzian, Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Departamento de Letras; Argentin