Increasing data (INAA) on Ecuadorian obsidian artifacts: preliminary provenance and a clue for pre-Columbian eastward trade.

In this work we carried out INAA major (Na, K, Ca and Fe %) and trace (ppm) elements (plus Mn by FAAS analysis) of 15 obsidian samples (waste flakes) coming from an unknown archaeological site (14C-AMS age of 1425 AD) located on the south-eastern flank of the back-arc Sumaco volcano, in the Sub-Andean Ecuador (to the east of the Cordillera Real) and from two already known pre-Columbian archaeological localities: La Florida (Quito) and Milan (Cayambe). Literature compositional data of the Ecuadorian obsidian outcrops (Bigazzi et al., 1992, Asaro et al., 1994, Bellot-Gurlet et al., 1999, 2008) provide some constraints on the provenance of the analyzed waste flakes, even though different methods of analyses make comparisons a difficult task. Concerning the obsidian artifacts of La Florida and Milan, they come from the well known Sierra de Guamanì obsidian sources (Cordillera Real). By contrast, the obsidian fragments of the Sumaco settlement show Mn-rich, U- Th-poor compositions and relatively high Nb/Zr ratios, these characters being compatible with obsidian erratic pebbles recently discovered by Bellot-Gurlet et al. (2008) in some river banks of the Amazonian foothills draining the easternmost flanks of the Antisana volcano in the Cordillera Real as well. In this way, the obsidian artifacts found at the Sumaco site reinforce the opinion of Bellot-Gurlet et al. (2008) that Ecuadorian source inventory is not yet exhaustive. These preliminary inferences of provenance for the Sumaco obsidian findings would however need to be furtherly tested with the same analytical methods on both artifacts and sources. The Antisana volcano, located 30 km to WNW of the Amazonian foothills, seems to be the best candidate to find out additional primary outcrops of obsidian sources. Obsidian ancient trade was well established in Ecuador among the Andean people of the Cordillera Real and between them and people of the Pacific coast, whereas an eastward trade toward the rainforest people was never documented. In this framework, the archaeometric study of the obsidian samples of the 1425 AD site of Sumaco, located well eastward of the Cordillera Real, is of paramount importance in tracing the ancient routes of the obsidian trade toward the Amazonian region. It can not be also excluded that sub-Andean and Amazonian people direcly took advantage from obsidian secondary sources (i.e. within the river banks of the Amazonian foothills) rather than procurements from primary outcrops in the Cordillera Real

Analisis Kualitas Udara Stasiun Global Atmosphere Watch (Gaw) Bukit Kototabang Kabupaten Agam Sumatera Barat

Stasiun Global Atmosphere Watch Bukit Kototabang di Kabupaten Agam,Sumatera Barat merupakan satu satunya stasiun pengamat atmosfer global yangada di Indonesia sehingga mewakili kondisi atmosfer di Indonesia secara globaldan di dunia yang letaknya persis di garis ekuator. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahmengetahui kondisi kualitas udara di daerah penelitian dengan menggunakanIndeks Standar Pencemaran Udara (ISPU) dan mengetahui indikasi terjadinyapemanasan global di daerah penelitian.Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode statistik untuk mengetahuirerata dan tren dari masing-masing parameter, metode deskriptif untuk analisisISPU, metode deskriptif untuk mengetahui indikasi terjadinya pemanasan global.Parameter udara yang digunakan untuk penelitian ISPU antara lain CO, SO2,NO2, partikulat PM10, dan O3, sedangkan untuk parameter kimia udara yangdigunakan untuk analisis pemanasan global ialah CO2 dan CH4

Heavy quasiparticles in the ferromagnetic superconductor ZrZn2

We report a study of the de Haas-van Alphen effect in the normal state of the ferromagnetic superconductor ZrZn2. Our results are generally consistent with an LMTO band structure calculation which predicts four exchange-split Fermi surface sheets. Quasiparticle effective masses are enhanced by a factor of about 4.9 implying a strong coupling to magnetic excitations or phonons. Our measurements provide insight in to the mechanism for superconductivity and unusual thermodynamic properties of ZrZn2.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures (one color

Pelatihan Penyuntingan Bahasa sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kualitas Majalah Sekolah pada Anggota Forum Majalah Sekolah Se-surakarta (Formasta)

Sekolah harus menyediakan wadah bagi siswa yang ingin mengembangkan talenta dan minatnya melalui jalur kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, contohnya bidang jurnalistik. Saat ini, salah satu output dari kegiatan ekstrakurikuler bidang jurnalistik yang masih terus dikembangkan di beberapa sekolah di kotamadya Surakarta ialah majalah sekolah. Bahkan, sudah terbentuk satu forum yang bertujuan untuk menggeliatkan atau menggemakan jurnalistik di lingkungan sekolah yaitu Forum Majalah Sekolah Se-Surakarta (Formasta). Majalah sekolah memiliki kualitas kebahasaan yang masih memprihatinkan. Kesalahan yang banyak ditemui ialah penerapan standar penerapan Ejaan yang Disempurnakan (EYD), pemilihan kata (diksi), penyusunan kalimat efektif dan pengembangan paragraf. Kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh tim pengabdi ialah Prakegiatan, berupa pretest untuk mengetahui kompetensi kebahasaan tulis peserta workshop yang notebene merupakan anggota redaksi majalah sekolah. Selama Kegiatan, berupa pemberian materi dan informasi mengenai dunia penyuntingan, namun difokuskan pada penyuntingan bahasa. Pascakegiatan yang diisi dengan postest, berupa praktik penyuntingan bahasa yang dilakukan oleh peserta

Node-like excitations in superconducting PbMo6S8 probed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy

We present the first scanning tunneling spectroscopy study on the Chevrel phase PbMo6S8, an extreme type II superconductor with a coherence length only slightly larger than in high-Tc cuprates. Tunneling spectra measured on atomically flat terraces are spatially homogeneous and show well-defined coherence peaks. The low-energy spectral weight, the zero bias conductance and the temperature dependence of the gap are incompatible with a conventional isotropic s-wave interpretation, revealing the presence of low-energy excitations in the superconducting state. We show that our data are consistent with the presence of nodes in the superconducting gap.Comment: To appear in PRB; 5 pages, 4 figure

The Evaluation of Strategic Communication Utilization of Mobile Phone Campaign for Tidal Flood Disaster Management in North Jakarta

Indonesia is an archipelago country which located in ring of fire zone. It means, the potency of natural disaster is huge in this region. Flood is one of the most common disaster that happen in Indonesia, especially in DKI Jakarta province. Based on data from WHO, flood that happen in February 2007 and hit 80 districts in Jakarta caused traffic chaos and disabling the city. More than 73.000 houses flooded with 10 cm untill 5 m water level. This research aim to doing evaluation towards strategic communication that conducted by the official of Ministry of Communication and Information Technology Republic of Indonesia in terms of utilization of mobile phone campaign for tidal flood disaster management in North Jakarta. This research using descriptive qualitative method with case study approach. This research using Information Processing Theory Mc Guire, Systematic-Heuristic Model, and Ellaboration Likelihood Model. This research was conducted with six informants, consist of two informants that comes from Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, two informants from local people in North Jakarta, one informant from BMKG (Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency) and one informant from BPBD (Regional Board for Disaster Management). The result of this research is strategic communication since planning until evaluating of the campaign is very important to do, to achieve the goals. While conducting mobile phone campaign, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology was doing analysis, set the standards and targets, set the strategy and tactics, time allocation, resources, and also doing evaluation

Analisis Pola Hubungan Kerugian Negara Akibat Korupsi dengan Demografi Koruptor

Masalah korupsi bukan lagi masalah baru dalam persoalan hukum dan ekonomi bagi suatu negara. Hasil survei Transparansi Internasional Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia merupakan negara terkorup nomor 6 dari 133 negara. Berdasarkan informasi dari Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia (Polri), kasus korupsi meningkat sebesar 52,8 persen dari tahun 2011 hingga 2012. Meningkatnya kasus korupsi dan dampak dari tahun ke tahun membuat penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang kasus korupsi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik demografi kasus dugaan korupsi yang terjadi di Jawa Timur, signifikansi dependensi besarnya kerugian negara akibat korupsi dengan variabel demografi koruptor di Jawa Timur, dan pola hubungan kerugian negara akibat korupsi dengan demografi koruptor di Jawa Timur. Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah kerugian Negara, usia, jenis kelamin, daerah kejaksaan, pekerjaan, dan pendidikan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah statistika deskriptif, analisis korespondensi, dan analisis model log linear. Hasil statistika deskriptif menerangkan bahwa mayoritas koruptor di Jawa Timur melakukan korupsi antara 100 juta hingga 1 Milyar Rupiah sebesar 47 persen. Kerugian Negara memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan usia, daerah kejaksaan, pekerjaan, dan pendidikan

Multi-band Superconductivity in the Chevrel Phases SnMo6S8 and PbMo6S8

Sub-Kelvin scanning tunnelling spectroscopy in the Chevrel Phases SnMo6S8 and PbMo6S8 reveals two distinct superconducting gaps with Delta_1 = 3 meV, Delta_2 ~ 1.0 meV and Delta_1 = 3.1 meV, Delta_2 ~ 1.4 meV respectively. The gap distribution is strongly anisotropic, with Delta_2 predominantly seen when scanning across unit-cell steps on the (001) sample surface. The spectra are well-fitted by an anisotropic two-band BCS s-wave gap function. Our spectroscopic data are confirmed by electronic heat capacity measurements which also provide evidence for a twin-gap scenario.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

The ideal gas as an urn model: derivation of the entropy formula

The approach of an ideal gas to equilibrium is simulated through a generalization of the Ehrenfest ball-and-box model. In the present model, the interior of each box is discretized, {\it i.e.}, balls/particles live in cells whose occupation can be either multiple or single. Moreover, particles occasionally undergo random, but elastic, collisions between each other and against the container walls. I show, both analitically and numerically, that the number and energy of particles in a given box eventually evolve to an equilibrium distribution $W$ which, depending on cell occupations, is binomial or hypergeometric in the particle number and beta-like in the energy. Furthermore, the long-run probability density of particle velocities is Maxwellian, whereas the Boltzmann entropy $\ln W$ exactly reproduces the ideal-gas entropy. Besides its own interest, this exercise is also relevant for pedagogical purposes since it provides, although in a simple case, an explicit probabilistic foundation for the ergodic hypothesis and for the maximum-entropy principle of thermodynamics. For this reason, its discussion can profitably be included in a graduate course on statistical mechanics.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure

Nilai-nilai Religius Dalam Syair Selawat Dulang Di Kelurahan Koto Pulai Kecamatan Koto Tangah Kota Padang

This research is aimed to describe religious values in Salawat Dulang lyric including aqidah value, syariah, and akhlak in Kelurahan Koto Pulai Kecamatan Koto Tangah Padang.This research is qualitative research using descriptive method that emphasizes on content analyzing. This research uses writing the script technique or something that is written by selawat dulang player in the interview as the collecting data technique by using analyze data instrument. Every script is written on the interview and it is read again of the lyric, translate it into Indonesian language and invent religious values: aqidah, syariah and akhlak. Then, analyze the data based on the classification that is found, make a summary, and report the research result