56 research outputs found
Multi-isotopic and morphometric evidence for the migration of farmers leading up to the Inka conquest of the southern Andes
We present isotopic and morphometric evidence suggesting the migration of farmers in the southern Andes in the period AD 1270â1420, leading up to the Inka conquest occurring ~ AD 1400. This is based on the interdisciplinary study of human remains from archaeological cemeteries in the Andean Uspallata Valley (Argentina), located in the southern frontier of the Inka Empire. The studied samples span AD 800â1500, encompassing the highly dynamic Late Intermediate Period and culminating with the imperial expansion. Our research combines a macro-regional study of human paleomobility and migration based on a new strontium isoscape across the Andes that allows identifying locals and migrants, a geometric morphometric analysis of cranio-facial morphology suggesting separate ancestral lineages, and a paleodietary reconstruction based on stable isotopes showing that the migrants had diets exceptionally high in C4 plants and largely based on maize agriculture. Significantly, this migration influx occurred during a period of regional demographic increase and would have been part of a widespread period of change in settlement patterns and population movements that preceded the Inka expansion. These processes increased local social diversity and may have been subsequently utilized by the Inka to channel interaction with the local societies.Fil: Barberena, Ramiro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de FilosofĂa y Letras; ArgentinaFil: MenĂ©ndez, Lumila. Universitat Bonn; AlemaniaFil: le Roux, Petrus J.. University of Cape Town; SudĂĄfricaFil: Marsh, Erik Johnson. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de FilosofĂa y Letras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas; ArgentinaFil: Tessone, Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de GeocronologĂa y GeologĂa IsotĂłpica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de GeocronologĂa y GeologĂa IsotĂłpica; ArgentinaFil: Novellino, Paula Silvana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Mendoza. Museo de Ciencias Naturales y AntropolĂłgicas J. Cornelio Moyano; ArgentinaFil: Lucero, Gustavo. Universidad CatĂłlica de Temuco; ChileFil: Luyt, Julie. University of Cape Town; SudĂĄfricaFil: Sealy, Judith. University of Cape Town; SudĂĄfricaFil: Cardillo, Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Gasco, Alejandra Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de FilosofĂa y Letras; ArgentinaFil: Llano, Carina Lourdes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; ArgentinaFil: FrigolĂ©, Cecilia Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de FilosofĂa y Letras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas; ArgentinaFil: Guevara, Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Mendoza. Museo de Ciencias Naturales y AntropolĂłgicas J. Cornelio Moyano; ArgentinaFil: Da Peña, Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Mendoza. Museo de Ciencias Naturales y AntropolĂłgicas J. Cornelio Moyano; ArgentinaFil: Winocur, Diego Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: BenĂtez, AnahĂ. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Cornejo, Luis. Universidad Alberto Hurtado; ChileFil: Falabella, Fernanda. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: MĂ©ndez, CĂ©sar. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia; ChileFil: Nuevo Delaunay, Amalia. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia; ChileFil: Sanhueza, Lorena. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Santana Sagredo, Francisca. Pontificia Universidad CatĂłlica de Chile; ChileFil: Troncoso, AndrĂ©s. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: ZĂĄrate, Sol. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas; ArgentinaFil: Duran, Victor Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de FilosofĂa y Letras; ArgentinaFil: Cortegoso, Valeria. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de FilosofĂa y Letras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias BĂĄsicas; Argentin
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Dietary αâLinolenic Acid, Marine Ïâ3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea (PREDIMED) Study
Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of αâlinolenic acid (ALA), a plantâderived Ïâ3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine Ïâ3 fatty acids (longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to allâcause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (â„500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariableâadjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9ây followâup, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56â0.92) for allâcause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58â1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67â1.05) for allâcause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39â0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29â0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22â1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in allâcause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45â0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to allâcause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fishâderived longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639
From the Andes to the coast: human mobility and diet in the Atacama desert during the late intermediate period (ad 900-1450)
The Late Intermediate Period in northern Chile has been strongly influenced by the mobility models of vertical archipelago and the gyratory mobility. The vertical archipelago model proposes altiplano colonies would have lived in the lowlands controlling trade and distributing economic resources. The gyratory mobility suggests trade was rather controlled by pastoralist groups from the highlands, travelling across the Andes using llama caravans. Following new studies on stable isotope analysis for the LIP in the Atacama Desert, there is little evidence to support the colonies hypothesis. For this reason, the aim of this thesis is to evaluate the presence of colonies and specialised highland pastoralist groups in the lowlands of northern Chile through the use of ÎŽ13C, ÎŽ15N, ÎŽ18O and 87Sr/86Sr as well as radiocarbon dating. Human remains were analysed for tooth enamel, bone collagen, bone apatite, and hair-keratin. A second aim of the thesis was to provide new analysis of archaeological plants and animals of the area. Plants results present incredibly high ÎŽ15N values for the crops, suggesting use of fertilisers on them, probably seabird guano from the coast. This is also supported by the absence of a marine reservoir effect on the radiocarbon dates, reflected in the lack of offset between paired dates of bone collagen and textiles in individuals enriched in 15N. The results obtained for the human remains suggest there is no evidence to support neither the 'colony' hypothesis nor the gyratory mobility model. However, a small number of outlier individuals for ÎŽ13C, ÎŽ15N, ÎŽ18O and 87Sr/86Sr suggest a non-local origin. Mobility patterns were diverse and flexible including female and male individuals that moved at different moments of their life (infancy and adulthood). This study shows that dietary patterns in the Atacama Desert during the LIP were associated with strong local traditions.</p
New perspectives on movements of humans, animals, and materials in the South Central Andes from the early peopling to the Inca Empire (11000 BC-AD 1540): A multidisciplinary approach
Stable Isotope Analysis: Methodological Approaches and Case Studies in southern South America
Mobility in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, in the Late Intermediate Period (AD 900â1450): A re-evaluation using stable isotope analysis
Research on the Late Intermediate Period (AD 900â1450) in northern Chile has been strongly influenced by two mobility models: John Murra's classic vertical ecological archipelago model, with highland colonies in the lowlands; and the gyratory mobility model, with pastoralists and their llama caravans controlling trade. The widespread application of these two models, however, suffers from a lack of supporting archaeological evidence. Stable isotope analysis provides a more direct approach for studying both diet and mobility patterns, complementing material culture studies. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the presence of colonies and/or specialised highland caravans in the lowlands of northern Chile through the application of ÎŽ13C, ÎŽ15N and ÎŽ18O to human tooth enamel, bone collagen and bone apatite. The results show strong local traditions in terms of diet and mobility associated with the Loa-San Pedro, Antofagasta and Pica-TarapacĂĄ cultural groups. Our results suggest a non-local origin for some individuals in Pica-TarapacĂĄ and Loa-San Pedro, but provide little evidence to support either the presence of âcoloniesâ or of specialised âcaravansâ. Mobility patterns were, instead, diverse and flexible, including female and male individuals that moved at different moments of their lives
A chronology for the earliest human burials at Cuchipuy, central Chile
Cuchipuy is an archaeological site within the ancient Laguna de Tagua Tagua area (OâHiggins Region, central Chile; known for containing the remains of extinct fauna), with evidence for cultural activity spanning most of the Holocene, including over 50 human burials. The bulk of chronometric work at Cuchipuy was carried out in the 1980s, where a discrepancy within the radiocarbon dating results raised questions on the antiquity of the oldest funerary deposits (Stratum 4). Given the importance of both the site and area in prehistoric studies, this analysis aimed to reassess the chronology of Stratum 4 through the production of new radiocarbon dates on human remains and the application of Bayesian modelling. When combined with previously published ages, results place the commencement of Stratum 4 at 7320â7160 cal BP, within the early-mid Holocene. This is later than previous conclusions based on the discrepant dataset, refuting a temporal connection to Paleoindian deposits within the region. In addition, stable light isotope results suggest that human diet during the period was diverse, relying on both terrestrial and freshwater aquatic resources. This pattern changes with later populations, however, where the isotopic signal reflects the consumption of mainly terrestrial resources
A chronology for the earliest human burials at Cuchipuy, central Chile
Cuchipuy is an archaeological site within the ancient Laguna de Tagua Tagua area (OâHiggins Region, central Chile; known for containing the remains of extinct fauna), with evidence for cultural activity spanning most of the Holocene, including over 50 human burials. The bulk of chronometric work at Cuchipuy was carried out in the 1980s, where a discrepancy within the radiocarbon dating results raised questions on the antiquity of the oldest funerary deposits (Stratum 4). Given the importance of both the site and area in prehistoric studies, this analysis aimed to reassess the chronology of Stratum 4 through the production of new radiocarbon dates on human remains and the application of Bayesian modelling. When combined with previously published ages, results place the commencement of Stratum 4 at 7320â7160 cal BP, within the early-mid Holocene. This is later than previous conclusions based on the discrepant dataset, refuting a temporal connection to Paleoindian deposits within the region. In addition, stable light isotope results suggest that human diet during the period was diverse, relying on both terrestrial and freshwater aquatic resources. This pattern changes with later populations, however, where the isotopic signal reflects the consumption of mainly terrestrial resources
Brief Communication: Dietary Practices in Ancient Populations From Northern Chile during the Transition to Agriculture (Tarapaca Region, 1000 BC-AD 900)
ArtĂculo de publicaciĂłn ISIObjective: The goal of this research is to understand the relevance of diet diversity during the transition to agriculture, in ancient populations from northern Chile, especially considering the significance of marine resources and crops in a lesser degree.
Methods: A total of 14 human individuals were sampled from the Tarapaca 40 cemetery. Both bone and tooth samples were collected. Samples were studied from bone/dentine collagen for carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis; and bone/enamel apatite for carbon isotope analysis. Inferential statistical analyses were performed in order to compare Tarapaca 40 stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values with other Formative and Late Intermediate Period groups. A nonparametrical hypothesis Kruskal-Wallis test was used.
Results: The results show that the individuals from Tarapaca 40 are intermediate to the values observed for terrestrial and marine fauna as well as C-3 and C-4 plants.
Conclusions: A gradual transition to crop consumption, especially maize, is suggested. This complemented the earlier hunter-gatherer tradition of marine resources and wild fruit consumption. Contrarily to the predictions made by some archaeologists, the results obtained for northern Chile contrast with the classical perspective of a "Neolithic Revolution" in which transition to agriculture occurred more abruptly and linearly.FONDECYT
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Evidencias isotĂłpicas y radiocarbĂłnicas de paleodieta y movilidad en una inhumaciĂłn del perĂodo Formativo temprano (ca. 2400 cal aP) en la Puna de Atacama (norte de Chile)
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