Perfect category-graded algebras

In a perfect category every object has a minimal projective resolution. We give a criterion for the category of modules over a categorygraded algebra to be perfect.Comment: A sufficient condition is replaced by a criterion. Several references added. 17 page

A nonparametric point estimation technique using the m-out-of-n bootstrap

We investigate a method which can be used to improve an existing point estimator by a modification of the estimator and by using the m-out-of-n bootstrap. The estimation method used, known as bootstrap robust aggregating (or BRAGGing) in the literature, will be applied in general to the estimators that satisfy the smooth function model (for example, a mean, a variance, a ratio of means or variances, or a correlation coefficient), and then specifically to an estimator for the population mean. BRAGGing estimators based on both a naive and corrected version of them-out-of-n bootstrap will be considered. We conclude with proposed data-based choices of the resample size, m, as well as Monte-Carlo studies illustrating the performance of the estimators when estimating the population mean for various distributions

Distribuição de água no solo sob secamento parcial do sistema radicular da Mangueira CV. Palmer.

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o método do secamento parcial do sistema radicular para a mangueira cultivar Palmer nas condições semiáridas do norte de Minas Gerais. Os tratamentos foram instalados com base na redução de 50% da lâmina bruta calculada, isto é aplicação de água em apenas um lado da fileira de plantas no tempo equivalente a aplicação nos dois lados e com base na fase fenológica da cultura. Foram feitas duas análises: uma considerando a umidade média no perfil e a outra considerando a distribuição de umidade no perfil uma hora antes da irrigação. A distribuição da disponibilidade de água em todos os pontos dos perfis foi obtida utilizando o software Surfer 7.0 (Golden Software, Inc.), apresentando gráficos dos tratamentos estudados. O teor de água disponível ao longo do perfil do solo, monitorada nos dois lados da planta pela TDR (Reflectometria no Domínio do Tempo), apresentaram valores compatíveis ao manejo com secamento parcial do sistema radicular

Mite (Arthropoda, Acari) associates of palms (Arecaceae) in Brazil: I. Present status and new records.

This paper presents 72 new records and 10 records from literature on the distribuition of nine species of phytophagous mites and nine species of predatory mites from 13 species of palms in 13 Brazilian States

Renormalized coordinate approach to the thermalization process

We consider a particle in the harmonic approximation coupled linearly to an environment. modeled by an infinite set of harmonic oscillators. The system (particle--environment) is considered in a cavity at thermal equilibrium. We employ the recently introduced notion of renormalized coordinates to investigate the time evolution of the particle occupation number. For comparison we first present this study in bare coordinates. For a long ellapsed time, in both approaches, the occupation number of the particle becomes independent of its initial value. The value of ocupation number of the particle is the physically expected one at the given temperature. So we have a Markovian process, describing the particle thermalization with the environment. With renormalized coordinates no renormalization procedure is required, leading directly to a finite result.Comment: 16 pages, LATEX, 2 figure

Avaliação de tolerância à seca em progênies híbridas de citros.

O Brasil destaca-se como maior produtor mundial de citros e maior produtor e exportador de suco concentrado congelado de laranja, sendo a Bahia o segundo maior produtor de laranja do país, superada apenas por São Paulo. Apesar da sua importância, a vulnerabilidade da citricultura nordestina, a exemplo da brasileira, é grande, pela presença quase única da combinação laranjeira 'Pera' [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] / limoeiro 'Cravo' (C. limonia Osbeck) na sustentação dos pomares, tornando urgente um programa de diversificação de variedades. A citricultura baiana está concentrada na Grande Unidade de Paisagem de Tabuleiros Costeiros, onde são registradas precipitações pluviais anuais de 1.000 mm a 1.200 mm, distribuídas em 8 a 10 meses, com dois a seis meses de deficiência hídrica, sendo o uso de irrigação praticamente nulo. Assim, é desejável o emprego de combinações copa / porta-enxerto que, entre outras características de interesse agronômico, sejam tolerantes à seca. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a identificação, dentro de progênies obtidas a partir de cruzamentos controlados, de seedlings (pés-francos) híbridos com potencial para tolerância à seca.PDF. 061

Mapping food access and related risk factors in forecasting social disorder

Includes bibliographical references

Dynamic L-type CaV1.2 channel trafficking facilitates CaV1.2 clustering and cooperative gating.

L-type CaV1.2 channels are key regulators of gene expression, cell excitability and muscle contraction. CaV1.2 channels organize in clusters throughout the plasma membrane. This channel organization has been suggested to contribute to the concerted activation of adjacent CaV1.2 channels (e.g. cooperative gating). Here, we tested the hypothesis that dynamic intracellular and perimembrane trafficking of CaV1.2 channels is critical for formation and dissolution of functional channel clusters mediating cooperative gating. We found that CaV1.2 moves in vesicular structures of circular and tubular shape with diverse intracellular and submembrane trafficking patterns. Both microtubules and actin filaments are required for dynamic movement of CaV1.2 vesicles. These vesicles undergo constitutive homotypic fusion and fission events that sustain CaV1.2 clustering, channel activity and cooperative gating. Our study suggests that CaV1.2 clusters and activity can be modulated by diverse and unique intracellular and perimembrane vesicular dynamics to fine-tune Ca2+ signals

Who acquires infection from whom and how? Disentangling multi-host and multi-mode transmission dynamics in the 'elimination' era

Multi-host infectious agents challenge our abilities to understand, predict and manage disease dynamics. Within this, many infectious agents are also able to use, simultaneously or sequentially, multiple modes of transmission. Furthermore, the relative importance of different host species and modes can itself be dynamic, with potential for switches and shifts in host range and/ or transmission mode in response to changing selective pressures, such as those imposed by disease control interventions. The epidemiology of such multi-host, multi-mode infectious agents thereby can involve a multi-faceted community of definitive and intermediate/secondary hosts or vectors, often together with infectious stages in the environment, all of which may represent potential targets, as well as specific challenges, particularly where disease elimination is proposed. Here, we explore, focusing on examples fromboth human and animal pathogen systems, why and how we should aim to disentangle and quantify the relative importance of multi-host multi-mode infectious agent transmission dynamics under contrasting conditions, and ultimately, how this can be used to help achieve efficient and effective disease control. This article is part of the themed issue 'Opening the black box: re-examining the ecology and evolution of parasite transmission'