THE CONCEPT OF AN ANIMAL AND WORKINGS WITHIN THE MEANING OF ITS RIGHTS

The animals have been known since several thousand years ago. Some of them have been used for subsistence and survival. These days it is no longer necessary. Modern society needs to learn to respect animals rather than treat them as things, property. An animal can be assimilated to a human being because it fulfils all the functions that a person has. Nevertheless, the law is interpreted differently. There is no understanding of animal rights in Latvia, they are not segregated. Animals should be given fundamental rights: the right to life, freedom and the right not to own any property. The animal is entitled to live as defined in the laws of nature, not for the purposes of the pleasures and greed of the people, for his will, for suffering, for pain, for fear

TOPICALITY OF CONDITIONAL EARLY RELEASE

Conditional early release is a topical issue nowadays that can be faced by any convict who is eligible for parole. It is important not only to impose a sentence, but also to separate those convicted persons from the total number of convicts who are aware of the dangers of criminal activity and who should not serve their sentence in full, and their further correction is possible without isolation from society. Parole allows a prisoner to leave prison and return to society subject to certain restrictions and conditions. During parole, the prisoner will be subject to parole conditions and supervision. Parole provides prisoners with a structured, supported and supervised transition

UNDERSTANDING AND THE ROLE OF AMNESTY AND PARDON IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM

Amnesty and pardon institutes have been known for hundreds of years. These institutes were under the control of monarchs or rulers, because only rulers could amnesty or pardon a criminal. Acts of amnesty or pardon were declared in honor of holidays such as marriage or coronation. However, nowadays, for example, in Latvia, the issuance of these acts has become very insignificant, as the number of displaced persons is decreasing. The author can conclude that amnesty and pardon is an opportunity for a convicted person to correct and prevent the commission of new criminal offenses, but this possibility must be determined for a specific group of persons, because in the author's opinion, most convicted persons are not worthy of correction

IoT in Arctic Tourism – A Case-study of the Tourist Information Office in Narvik

Source at: https://fruct.org/publications/volume-32/acm32/</a

A clinical case of successful treatment with an interleukin 6 receptor blocker of a systemic variant of juvenile arthritis associated with spinal injury

The article presents a clinical case of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis that began after a spinal injury in a 9-year-old child. The authors noted the importance of dysregulation of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis that entitled this variant of the disease to be regarded as autoinflammatory, and not “classical” autoimmune diseases. The article emphasized the leading role played by interleukin 6 in the development of extra-articular manifestations of the disease (fever and thrombocytosis, stimulation of hepatic production of acute-phase proteins of inflammation, anaemia, inhibition of the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol, production of growth hormone and procalcitonin, development of amyloidosis), highlighting the need for inhibition of interleukin 6 activity in patients receiving therapy for systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. It stressed the importance of early initiation of therapy from the standpoint of modern understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease: the use of new biological agents, which action is directed at interleukins 1 and 6. This approach is associated with inefficiency of such drugs as corticosteroids, methotrexate, tumour necrosis factor inhibitors. Of no less importance is the fact that the use of these biological agents can significantly reduce the effect of corticosteroids. The course of the presented disease caused some difficulties in its diagnosis and selection of therapy. This is largely due to the fact that the pathology of the sacroiliac joint is extremely difficult to diagnose clinically. Inflammatory immune response associated with trauma may be accompanied by cytokine release, free radical accumulation and apoptosis, pointing to the need to exclude juvenile spondyloarthritis and other juvenile arthritis with a view to administer adequate therapy. In this case, an attempt to treat sacroiliitis as an inflammatory disease was unsuccessful. The focus on persisting fever, arthralgia, anemia, lymphadenopathy, high values of acute phase parameters in the patient, who received courses of antibiotic therapy, allowed the doctors of the surgical department to refer the patient to a specialized pediatric rheumatology department. Resistance to glucocorticoids and a tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (etanercept) was also noted. The successful result of the use of tocilizumab (interleukin 6 receptor blocker) includes: relief of visceral manifestations, normalization of laboratory activity indicators of the disease that persisted for 1.5 years

Reproductive biology and embryonal development of pacific capelin <i>Mallotus villosus catervarius </i>from the Tauiskaya Bay (northern part of the Okhotsk Sea)

Reproductive biology of embryogeny and early ontogenesis is considered for pacific capelin Mallotus villosus catervarius (Pennant) from the Tauiskaya Bay in the northern Okhotsk Sea on the data of long-term sampling. The stages of periblastic sinus and Kupffer’s vesicle are described for the first time for the genus Mallotus. Results of the study allow to assume development of the embryonic vascular system of respiration for the capelin embryo. Tendency to the pacific capelin fecundity increasing is observed in the last five decades conditioned by its abundance lowering and consequent increase of the older fish percentage

Respiratory viral infections: approaches to therapy from the perspective of clinical and pathogenetic aspects of the disease

Introduction. Acute respiratory viral infections in children remain an urgent problem, not only because of the high incidence, but also a significant contribution to the mortality structure of young children. Approaches to the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections are considered, taking into account the possibility of the impact of drugs on the main links of pathogenesis and prevention of complications from the perspective of a bioregulatory approach to therapy and complex bioregulatory drugs.The purpose of the study. To present the effectiveness of bioregulatory therapy of respiratory viral infections in children from the perspective of clinical and pathogenetic aspects of the disease.Materials and methods. A pro- and retrospective study was conducted for 2 years of 70 sick children aged 6 to 12 years with acute respiratory infections of moderate severity. The patients were observed in the homeopathic center “Homeopathic Medicine” in Samara.Results. Improvement in children was observed by day 3 of the disease in patients receiving bioregulatory therapy (group 1) and by day 5 in children receiving conventional therapy (group 2) for respiratory infections (temperature and well-being normalized, intoxication syndrome was stopped). Remission of the disease occurred in 72% of group 1 children on day 5 of the disease and on day 6–7 in 47% of group 2 children. Taking Engystol® in tablets for 1 month after recovery allowed to reduce the number of relapses by almost 3 times during the year compared with children of group 2 who did not receive bioregulatory drugs.Discussion. With a moderate course of respiratory infections, it is possible to use the drugs Girel, Viburcol®, Engystol® without the use of allopathic remedies, which significantly reduces the drug load on the body of a sick child and prevents the development of undesirable reactions.Conclusions. The effectiveness, safety, and good tolerability of the drugs Girel, Viburcol®, and Engystol® are confirmed by their own results. These drugs can be recommended for use in pediatric practice in respiratory viral infections

Solving a Traffic Congestion Problem at T-intersections using AnyLogic Simulation

Source at: https://fruct.org/publications/volume-32/acm32/Beyond its significance in urban planning and traffic engineering, the optimal design of road networks is crucial for the uninterrupted flow of traffic. Traffic congestion results in increased travel times and waiting times as well as higher CO2 emissions. It is therefore imperative to study and optimize the traffic flow through roads and junctions to avoid such conditions. In this paper, a highly congested T-intersection in Narvik, Norway, is analyzed and several alternative plans are tested to reduce the travel time through the junction and the waiting time for cars in queues. The process begins with the collection of traffic data to estimate the current waiting times and understand the queuing problem. The current state is modeled in AnyLogic to simulate the actual conditions at the intersection. Two alternate solutions are then presented and analyzed. One is the use of traffic lights, and the other is the installation of a roundabout. The waiting times and queues associated with the two alternatives are compared with the current state to determine the better alternative. This paper presents the effectiveness of using simulation to solve the traffic congestion problems at T-junctions, and the method can be applied to various similar problems

Параметры периферической крови как маркеры неспецифического адаптационного ответа при острых инфекционных заболеваниях с синдромом тонзиллита

Evaluation of nonspecific adaptive response of the body in children with acute infectious diseases associated with tonsillitis syndrome was the aim of this research. This prospective study included clinical, anamnestic and laboratory examination of children with acute infectious diseases with tonsillitis syndrome. A systemic multiple factor analysis was conducted (significance level р&lt;0.05). The evaluation of peripheral blood parameters (specific gravity of lymphocytes and indices of reactive protective potential (RPP) - specific immune lymphocytic-monocytic parameter (SILMP) and coefficient of phagocytic defense (CPD)) gives the possibility to determine the condition of nonspecific adaptation in children with acute infectious diseases associated with tonsillitis syndrome. Children with tonsillitis syndrome show significant increase of integral RPP parameters, i.e. decrease of RPP, which is more pronounced&nbsp;on discharge (on admission - in 57% of children, on discharge - in 87%). The most unfavourable initial nonspecific adaptative body response (NABR) (according to the percentage of lymphocytes) is the reaction of increased activation, as it is associated with the transition to the overactivation by the time of discharge (37% of children). Systemic multiple factor analysis determined which peripheral blood parameters have more influence on children’s adaptation during the course of infectious disease: RPP indices showed high influence coefficients in all diseases (CPD was the highest in bacterial infection - Рi 198.3; SILMP was the highest in viral infection - Рi 147.81; in mixed infection CPD and SILMP were roughly the same - Рi – 107.25 and Рi - 78.11, respectively), which proves the feasibility of RPP evaluation for prognostic purposes in the treatment of this category of patients.Целью настоящего исследования явилась оценка неспецифической адаптационной реакции организма у детей с острыми инфекционными заболеваниями, ассоциированными с синдромом тонзиллита. Данное проспективное исследование включало клинико-анамнестическое и лабораторное обследование детей с острыми инфекционными заболеваниями с синдромом тонзиллита. Проведен системный многофакторный анализ (уровень значимости р&lt;0,05). Оценка показателей периферической крови (удельного веса лимфоцитов и показателей реактивно-протективный потенциал (РПП) - специфического иммунного лимфоцитарно-моноцитарного параметра (ИЛМП) и коэффициента фагоцитарной защиты (КФЗ) дает возможность определить состояние неспецифической адаптации у детей с&nbsp;острыми инфекционными заболеваниями, ассоциированными с синдромом тонзиллита. У детей с синдромом тонзиллита отмечается достоверное повышение интегральных показателей РПП, т. е. снижение РПП, которое более выражено при выписке (при поступлении - у 57% детей, при выписке - у 87%). Наиболее неблагоприятной исходной неспецифической адаптационной реакцией организма (по проценту лимфоцитов) является реакция повышенной активации, так как она связана с переходом к гиперактивации к моменту выписки (37% детей). Системный многофакторный анализ определил, какие показатели периферической крови оказывают большее влияние на адаптацию детей в течение инфекционного заболевания: показатели РПП показали высокие коэффициенты влияния при всех заболеваниях, что доказывает целесообразность оценки РПП в прогностических целях при лечении данной категории больных