Electronic Structure And Vibrational Analysis Of Norclozapine (8-Chloro-11-Piperazine-1-Yl-5H-Dibenzo[B,E] [1,4]Diazepine)

Introduction: N-desmethyl clozapine or norclozapine is a benzodiazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist. It has a role as a metabolite, a delta-opioid receptor agonist, and a serotonergic antagonist. It is a dibenzodiazepine, a member of piperazines, and an organochlorine compound. Methods: The structure and the ground state energy of the molecules under investigation have been analyzed employing the DFT / B3LYP level. The optimized geometry and their properties such as equilibrium energy, frontier orbital energy, dipole moment, and vibrational frequencies have been used to understand the activity of Norclozapine. Results: The calculated highest occupied molecule orbital or HOMO and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital or LUMO energies show that charge transfer within the molecule. The vibrational spectra of IR and Raman have been interpreted with the help of the B3LYP level of theory with the 6-31G basis set from the Density function theory. Conclusions: The optimized structural parameters such as bond lengths, and bond angle were determined at B3LYP level theory with a 6-31G basis set. Simulation work of Norclozapine is in process. Simulation report of Norclozapine we will report very soon. &nbsp

The impact of the prevent duty on schools: a review of the evidence

The UK has emerged as an influential global player in developing policy to counter violent extremism, and therefore it is important to consider the emerging evidence about the impact of this policy in education. The Prevent Duty came into force in the UK in 2015, placing a legal responsibility on schools and teachers to implement anti-terrorist legislation and prevent young people from being drawn into extremism or radicalisation. This article reviews all of the material based on empirical studies in England involving school teachers and students published between 2015 (when the Duty was introduced) and the beginning of 2019 (27 articles and reports in total) to consider the impact of the policy on schools. The key themes emerging from our analysis of this evidence base are related (1) to the ways the policy is interpreted within Islamophobic discourses, (2) the emergence of Britishness as a key feature of fundamental British values, and (3) the implications of framing Prevent as a safeguarding issue. We argue that the evidence gives support to those who have been critical of the Prevent Duty in schools, and that it seems to be generating a number of unintended and negative side effects. However, the evidence also illustrates how teachers have agency in relation to the policy, and may thus be able to enact the policy in ways which reduce some of the most harmful effects

Dosimetry of absolute dose to water from elekta synergy platform linear accelerator using clinical electron beam

The use of electron beams in external beam radiation therapy started in 1930 but was limited to very few medical centers due to manual calculations of dose. The development of Van de Graaff generators, Betatrons, and various generations of commercial linear accelerators led to Elekta Synergy platform linear accelerators which were capable of performing dose calculations using computer software. In the present paper, we present a study on dose calculations for electron energies in the range of 4-15 MeV. This study was pursued following the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reports and protocols of the international code of practice TRS-381. It is based on an experimental setup using a radiation field analyzer (RFA). This comprises of PTW-Freiburg Parallel plate ionization chamber (waterproof with cap, Model TM 23343) with a sensitive volume of 0.055 cm3 and a semi-flex chamber (waterproof with cap, Model TM 30010) with a sensitive volume of 0.125 cm3 both coupled with a digital electrometer (PTW UNIDOSE). The measurements were performed on a linear accelerator (Make & Model: ELEKTA, Synergy Platform)

Bone mineral density in healthy adult Indian population: the Chandigarh Urban Bone Epidemiological Study (CUBES)

Osteoporosis is a disease with a high burden of morbidity. For its accurate diagnosis, using indigenous data as reference standards is needed. However, normative data on bone density is lacking in India. Therefore, we aimed to determine the reference range for bone density for the healthy population of north India. INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem around the globe including India, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and health care burden. However, the reference values used for its diagnosis are largely based on data from the western population, which may lead to over- or underdiagnosis of osteoporosis in Indians. Our study aimed to determine the reference range for bone mineral density for the healthy population of India. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 825 subjects (men 380, women 445) (median age: 41 years, IQR 32-55 years), recruited by a house-to-house survey. The population was stratified into decade-wise groups and biochemical measurements including renal and liver function tests, glycated hemoglobin, serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and bone mineral density were performed in all the subjects. The T-scores for men aged \u3e 50 years and post-menopausal women were calculated based on the data generated from this study in young men and women aged 20-40 years. RESULTS: According to the BMD manufacturer\u27s data, which is based on the western population, 70% of the Indian men (\u3e 50 years) and 48% of the post-menopausal Indian women had osteopenia while 18% of the men and 25% of the women had osteoporosis. However, according to the re-calculated T-scores from the current study, only 56% and 7.2% of men and 33% and 5% of women had osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively. An age-related decline in bone mineral density, as seen in the western population, was also seen in both Indian men and women. CONCLUSION: We have established a reference database for BMD in healthy Indian adult population, which may have clinical implications for the diagnosis and intervention strategies for the management of osteoporosis