Max Weber und Carl Schmitt ― Der Konflikt der Wissenschaftslehren ―

Im folgenden Aufsatz erörtere ich die geistesgeschichtliche Beziehung und den Unterschied zwischen der Wissenschaftslehre in Max Webers „Wissenschaft als Beruf" (1917) und der in Carl Schmitts „Die Buribunken" (1918) und „Politische Romantik" (1919, 1925). Da Schmitt den Vortrag Webers „Wissenschaft als Beruf" besucht hat, hat er bereits im Jahre 1917 seinen Inhalt gekannt. Aber Schmitt nahm die Wissenschaftslehre Webers nicht günstig auf. In „Die Buribunken" und „Politische Romantik" kritisierte er den von Weber betonten modernen intellektualistischen Rationalismus und die Wertfreiheitstheorie, weil Weber nur die Realität und die Tatsache als Gegenstand der Erkenntnis ansah und die Existenz Gottes aus dem ausschloß. Für Schmitt war die Existenz Gottes die Voraussetzung der Erkenntnis, d.h. der Wissenschaft. Das Inhaltsverzeichnis dieses A ufsatzes ist wie folgt : I . Einleitung, II. „Wissenschaft als Beruf", 1. Der Hintergrund des Zustandekommens der „Wissenschaft als Beruf", 2. Die Diskussionsthemen der „Wissenschaft als Beruf", III. „Wissenschaft als Beruf" und Schmitts Wissenschaftslehre, 1. Die Reaktion auf „Wissenschaft als Beruf", 2. Der Kern des Denkens des frühen Carl Schmitt (1910-1918), 3. Fünf Diskussionsthemen der „Wissenschaft als Beruf" und Schmitts „Die Buribunken" und „Politische Romantik", Ⅳ. Schlußwort

Emergent isotropy of a wave-turbulent cascade in the Gross-Pitaevskii model

The restoration of symmetries is one of the most fascinating properties of turbulence. We report a study of the emergence of isotropy in the Gross-Pitaevskii model with anisotropic forcing. Inspired by recent experiments, we study the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a cylindrical box driven along the symmetry axis of the trap by a spatially uniform force. We introduce a measure of anisotropy $A(k,t)$ defined on the momentum distributions $n(\boldsymbol{k},t)$, and study the evolution of $A(k,t)$ and $n(\boldsymbol{k},t)$ as turbulence proceeds. As the system reaches a steady state, the anisotropy, large at low momenta because of the large-scale forcing, is greatly reduced at high momenta. While $n(\boldsymbol{k},t)$ exhibits a self-similar cascade front propagation, $A(k,t)$ decreases without such self-similar dynamics. Finally, our numerical calculations show that the isotropy of the steady state is robust with respect to the amplitude of the drive.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Idiopathic pneumoperitoneum after trauma

Intra-abdominal free gas is a finding of extra-intestinal gas in the abdominal cavity on radiography or CT, mainly suggesting gastrointestinal perforation and necessitating emergency surgery. Idiopathic pneumoperitoneum is diagnosed when there is no obvious gastrointestinal perforation, but there is presence of free gas in the abdominal cavity with an unidentifiable cause. Herein, we report a case of idiopathic pneumoperitoneum secondary to high-energy trauma following a car rollover accident. A 95-year-old man was transferred to our clinic after a car-to-car rollover accident. He had abrasions on his right upper arm and left abdomen that appeared to be the result of the accident ; however, no other apparent traumatic injuries were noted. There was no pain in the abdomen, and peritoneal irritation symptoms were also not noted. A CT scan showed fine free air. Although idiopathic pneumoperitoneum could not be ruled out, considering the patient’s background and the possibility of traumatic small bowel perforation, emergency surgery was performed. A thorough search of the abdominal cavity was performed ; however, the surgery was completed without an obvious perforation site. Idiopathic pneumoperitoneum should be considered as a differential disease in cases who have free air on abdominal CT but clinically lack obvious inflammatory reaction findings

Combined vitreous and cataract surgeries in highly hyperopic eye

We report a case of a patient with a highly hyperopic eye who underwent cataract surgery combined with vitreous surgery to create a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) to prevent choroidal neovascularization (CNV). A 78-year-old man noticed a decrease in his vision due to a cataract in his right eye. The patient had a severe visual loss in his left eye because of a CNV 2 years after a cataract surgery. His visual acuities were 20/30 OD and 20/600 OS, and funduscopic examination showed an orange-colored lesion OD and degenerative subretinal fibrosis OS. The posterior vitreous was attached to the retina in both eyes. The axial length was 18.9 mm OD and 19.0 mm OS. Cataract surgery combined with vitreous surgery to create PVD was performed on the right eye, and the vision improved to 20/20 with no signs of developing CNV after 5 years. We conclude that cataract surgery combined with vitreous surgery to create a PVD may prevent the development of CNV in highly hyperopic eyes