A Double-Jet System in the G31.41+0.31 Hot Molecular Core

This work presents a detailed study of the gas kinematics towards the "Hot Molecular Core" (HMC) G31.41+0.31 via multi-epoch VLBI observations of the H2O 22 GHz and CH3OH 6.7 GHz masers, and single-epoch VLBI of the OH 1.6 GHz masers. Water masers present a symmetric spatial distribution with respect to the HMC center, where two nearby (0.2" apart), compact, VLA sources (labeled "A" and "B") are previously detected. The spatial distribution of a first group of water masers, named "J1", is well fit with an elliptical profile, and the maser proper motions mainly diverge from the ellipse center, with average speed of 36 km s-1. These findings strongly suggest that the "J1" water maser group traces the heads of a young (dynamical time of 1.3 10^3 yr), powerful (momentum rate of ~0.2 M_sun yr-1 km s-1), collimated (semi-opening angle ~10 deg) jet emerging from a MYSO located close (within 0.15") to the VLA source "B". Most of the water features not belonging to "J1" present an elongated (about 2" in size), NE--SW oriented (PA = 70 deg), S-shape distribution, which we denote with the label "J2". The elongated distribution of the "J2" group and the direction of motion, approximately parallel to the direction of elongation, of most "J2" water masers suggests the presence of another collimated outflow, emitted from a MYSO near the VLA source "A". The orientation of the "J2" jet agrees well with that (PA = 68 deg) of the well-defined V_LSR gradient across the HMC revealed by previous interferometric, thermal line observations. Furthermore, the "J2" jet is powerful enough to sustain the large momentum rate, 0.3 M_sun yr-1 km s-1, estimated assuming that the V_LSR gradient represents a collimated outflow. These two facts lead us to favour the interpretation of the V_LSR gradient across the G31.41+0.31 HMC in terms of a compact and collimated outflow.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

A 10-M⊙M_{\odot} YSO with a Keplerian disk and a nonthermal radio jet

We previously observed the star-forming region G16.59$-$0.05 through interferometric observations of both thermal and maser lines, and identified a high-mass young stellar object (YSO) which is surrounded by an accretion disk and drives a nonthermal radio jet. We performed high-angular-resolution (beam FWHM ~0.15") 1.2-mm continuum and line observations towards G16.59$-$0.05 with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The main dust clump, with size ~10$^4$ au, is resolved into four relatively compact (diameter ~2000 au) millimeter (mm) sources. The source harboring the high-mass YSO is the most prominent in molecular emission. By fitting the emission profiles of several unblended and optically thin transitions of CH$_3$OCH$_3$ and CH$_3$OH, we derived gas temperatures inside the mm-sources in the range 42--131 K, and calculated masses of 1--5 $M_{\odot}$. A well-defined Local Standard of Rest velocity (Vlsr) gradient is detected in most of the high-density molecular tracers at the position of the high-mass YSO, pinpointed by compact 22-GHz free-free emission. This gradient is oriented along a direction forming a large (~70 degree) angle with the radio jet, traced by elongated 13-GHz continuum emission. The butterfly-like shapes of the P-V plots and the linear pattern of the emission peaks of the molecular lines at high velocity confirm that this Vlsr gradient is due to rotation of the gas in the disk surrounding the high-mass YSO. The disk radius is ~500 au, and the Vlsr distribution along the major axis of the disk is well reproduced by a Keplerian profile around a central mass of 10$\pm$2 $M_{\odot}$. The position of the YSO is offset by >~ 0.1" from the axis of the radio jet and the dust emission peak. To explain this displacement we argue that the high-mass YSO could have moved from the center of the parental mm source owing to dynamical interaction with one or more companions.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics, Main Journa

Dieci anni di scavi

Breve presentazione del volume dedicato a Monteleone Rocca Doria, le cui ricerche archeologiche iniziarono nel 1998. Nei testi contenuti non si parla di sequenze e stratigrafia, di datazione e contesti ceramici: il volume non vuole essere un riferimento scientifico ma nasce come una riflessione sull'archeologia di Monteleone

Documentare l’archeologia in 3 Dimensioni: problematiche e metodologie proposte

The research examines the technique and use of digital documentation for the interpretation of archaeological contexts: they were developed through the application of multi-scale three-dimensional technologies, photogrammetry and laser scanner, on two case studies. The aim was to define a method based on the integration of available sources and to create a documentation that could follow international standards, ensuring scientific transparency and authenticity of digital sources. In both cases the integration of sources, archaeological and historical, analogical and digital, has allowed a complete 3D documentation of the sites and some reconstructive hypotheses based on the interpretation of the elements emerging from the relief. Using the same digital documents, it has been possible to reconstruct the monastic complex of Salvennor, disappeared today; a 3D and gaming modelling software was used to create an attractive virtual visit to the site of Sant'Imbenia, which may interest both the researcher and the great public

Storia e topografia

Analisi storica e topografica del paese di Monteleone Rocca Doria

pp-adic quotient sets

For $A \subseteq \mathbb{N}$, the question of when $R(A) = \{a/a' : a, a' \in A\}$ is dense in the positive real numbers $\mathbb{R}_+$ has been examined by many authors over the years. In contrast, the $p$-adic setting is largely unexplored. We investigate conditions under which $R(A)$ is dense in the $p$-adic numbers. Techniques from elementary, algebraic, and analytic number theory are employed in this endeavor. We also pose many open questions that should be of general interest.Comment: 24 page

Archeologia e calcolatori

Questo articolo non vuole essere l'ennesimo e prolisso trattato sui benefici che l'informatica porta alla moderna metodologia archeologica, bensì prende in esame una situazione che oggettivamente va creandosi nelle università di tutta Italia e che diverse voci, certamente più titolate della mia, vanno denunciando da qualche anno

Un edificio ecclesiastico d’età altomedievale nella Sardegna meridionale: la chiesa di Santu Miali a Is Mortorius (Quartu Sant’Elena)

The contribution proposes a new historical-artistic framework of the ecclesiastical building of Santu Miali in Is Mortorius(QuartuSant’Elena). Starting from Renata Serra’s research(1973), from the analysis of the site, from a comparative reading of the building’s ichnography (construction examples attested in the eastern Mediterranean, in North Africa, in the Italian area, and in Sardinia itself), and from the reflection on Saint Michael’s role-playing data, we will theorize the possible existence of two construction phases of the church (VI and IX-X), in turn built on older structures.Il contributo propone un nuovo inquadramento storico-artistico dell’edificio ecclesiastico di Santu Miali a Is Mortorius(Quartu Sant’Elena). Partendo dallo studio di Renata Serra del 1973, dall’analisi de visu del sito, da una lettura comparata dell’icnografia dell’edificio (esempi costruttivi attestati nel Mediterraneo orientale, nel Nord Africa, nell’area italiana, e nella stessa Sardegna) e dalla riflessione sul dato agio toponomastico di San Michele, si argomenterà la possibile esistenza di due fasi costruttive della chiesa (VI e IX-X), a loro volta edificate su strutture più antiche

Paraumbilical/Umbilical Hernia

Umbilical hernia is a common pathology that occurs in around 2% of the population. About 10% of abdominal hernias are umbilical hernias and umbilical hernia repair is among the most commonly performed surgeries in adults. The diagnosis is straightforward when tissues or organs such as the omentum or a bowel segment bulge out through an opening in the muscles of the abdominal wall in the umbilical region. The treatment options for umbilical hernia include non-operative and operative management strategies via open or minimally invasive techniques. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of umbilical hernias in adults

The newer opioid agonist treatment with lower substitutive opiate doses is associated with better toxicology outcome than the older harm reduction treatment

Background: Charge-free heroin use disorder treatment in Italy follows two main approaches, i.e., harm reduction treatment (HRT) strategy in community low-threshold facilities for drug addiction and opioid agonist treatment (OAT) in high-threshold facilities for opioid addiction, focusing on pharmacological maintenance according to the Dole and Nyswander strategy. We aimed to compare the impact of HRT and OAT on patient outcome, as assessed through negativity for drugs on about 1-year urinalyses. Methods: We examined retrospectively the urinalyses of HRT and OAT patients for which at least four randomly sampled urinalyses per month were available for about 1 year, during which patients were undergoing methadone or buprenorphine maintenance; urinalyses focused on heroin, cocaine, cannabinoids, and their metabolites. Results: Included were 189 HRT and 58 OAT patients. The latter were observed for a significantly longer period. There was a higher proportion of heroin- and cocaine-clean urinalyses in OAT patients, with cocaine-clean urinalyses discriminating best between the two groups. OAT patients were older, with longer dependence duration, more severe addiction history, and received lower methadone doses. Buprenorphine maintenance was more often associated with heroin-clean urinalyses. The higher the methadone doses, the lower were the percentage of heroin-clean urinalyses in HRT patients (negative correlation). Conclusions: The OAT approach was related to higher recovery and polyabuse abstinence rates compared to the HRT approach, despite greater severity of substance use, psychiatric and physical comorbidities. Our results are consistent with the possibility to use lower maintenance opiate doses (after induction and stabilization in methadone treatment according to Dole and Nyswander methodology) in treating heroin addiction. This seemed to be impossible adopting the currently accepted HRT model