Review on Comparison of AODV in MANET

In this revolutionary world mobile devices are very important for human being. Without mobile no one can fulfill their daily routines. For this scenario we study mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). In MANET mobile nodes communicate with each other using some wireless links without any infrastructure. Many routing protocols are needed for communication in such a network. There are many performance metrics to compare Ad hoc routing protocols. In this paper, there is comparison between two protocols AODV and AODVE (AODV with energy). In which average delay, packet delivery ratio, throughput measured respectively. This paper also provides a way that how to carry out such a comparative study, which could be used for future research

Orientation cues and mechanisms used during avian navigation: A review

The navigational systems of different animal species are by a wide margin less notable as compared to birds. Humans have been interested in how migratory birds discover their way more than thousands of miles for quite a long time. This review summarizes the cues and compass mechanisms applied in orientation and navigation by non-migrants, diurnal and nocturnal migrants. The magnetic compass, landmarks, olfactory, and memory of spatial cues en route were utilized in homing and migration. The equivalent is valid for the sun compass despite the fact that its job during migration might be undeniably less significant than commonly presumed. Stellar compass and celestial rotation, as a result of their nighttime accessibility, appear to influence the direction of nighttime migrants during the course of migration. The celestial cues go through notable changes because of the latitude shift during bird migration. Sunset cues alter their location with seasons and latitudes. The recognizable stars lose height and lastly vanish underneath the horizon, whereas new stars show up. These new ones must be calibrated. As celestial rotation not imparting a reference, it is not unexpected that the magnetic compass turns into the main cue that controls the directional importance of stars and sunset cues. Field studies have revealed that, in certain species, a considerable extent of individuals get back to similar breeding, overwintering, and stopover areas in progressive years. This review proposes that migratory birds have advanced uncommon cognitive capacities that empower them to achieve these accomplishments.     

AN EFFICIENT ALGORITHM FOR LOAD BALANCING IN CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing is a computing provided over the internet. The principle aspect of cloud computing is virtualization that deals with the construction and management of virtual machines efficiently. As the number of consumers and requests for the services are increasing day by day in cloud computing, therefore load balancing is an important research area for handling the users’ requests efficiently. For efficient & effective management and usage of cloud service provider’s resources, many load balancing algorithms have been already proposed. This paper proposed and implemented a hybrid approach for virtual machine level load balancing

Molecular Beacons in Diagnostics

Recent technical advances have begun to realize the potential of molecular beacons to test for diverse infections in clinical diagnostic laboratories. These include the ability to test for, and quantify, multiple pathogens in the same clinical sample, and to detect antibiotic resistant strains within hours. The design principles of molecular beacons have also spawned a variety of allied technologies

Developmental and light-dependent cues interact to establish steady-state levels of transcripts for photosynthesis-related genes (psbA, pbsD, psaA and rbcL) in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The steady-state transcript levels for psbA, psbD, psaA and rbcL are low in dark-grown rice seedlings as compared to those grown in light. Following seed germination, they accumulate in an age-dependent manner, in dark as well as light, reaching a maximal level on the 7th or 8th day, before a slow decline sets in. But transcripts for psbA and psbD continue to maintain relatively-high levels even after 10 days of growth in light. Exposure of 5-day-old dark-grown seedlings to light results in an approximately 25-60-fold increase in transcripts during a period of 72 h, followed by a decrease. An analysis of data from both lines of investigation reveals that the developmental programme increases the transcript levels for psbA, psbD, psaA and rbcL by about 10-, 2.3-, 7.0- and 8.0-fold, respectively, between 5-8 days after germination and it is independent of light. At the same time, exposure of the seedlings to light during this period further enhances transcript levels by 5-, 11.4-, 6.6- and 7.8-fold, respectively. Thus, both developmental and light-dependent cues contribute to establish steady-state levels of transcripts for the chloroplast genes investigated

Torsades de pointes in a patient of dilated cardiomyopathy occurring early on oral amiodarone therapy

Amiodarone induced proarrhythmic effects are rare. We report a case of amiodarone induced torsades de pointes in a young boy aged 16 years occurring early after initiation of oral amiodarone. This case underscores the need of careful electrocardiographic monitoring early during amiodarone therapy to avoid a potentially fatal arrhythmia

Protein phosphatase complement in rice: genome-wide identification and transcriptional analysis under abiotic stress conditions and reproductive development

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Protein phosphatases are the key components of a number of signaling pathways where they modulate various cellular responses. In plants, protein phosphatases constitute a large gene family and are reportedly involved in the regulation of abiotic stress responses and plant development. Recently, the whole complement of protein phosphatases has been identified in <it>Arabidopsis </it>genome. While PP2C class of serine/threonine phosphatases has been explored in rice, the whole complement of this gene family is yet to be reported.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>In silico </it>investigation revealed the presence of 132-protein phosphatase-coding genes in rice genome. Domain analysis and phylogenetic studies of evolutionary relationship categorized these genes into PP2A, PP2C, PTP, DSP and LMWP classes. PP2C class represents a major proportion of this gene family with 90 members. Chromosomal localization revealed their distribution on all the 12 chromosomes, with 42 genes being present on segmentally duplicated regions and 10 genes on tandemly duplicated regions of chromosomes. The expression profiles of 128 genes under salinity, cold and drought stress conditions, 11 reproductive developmental (panicle and seed) stages along with three stages of vegetative development were analyzed using microarray expression data. 46 genes were found to be differentially expressing in 3 abiotic stresses out of which 31 were up-regulated and 15 exhibited down-regulation. A total of 82 genes were found to be differentially expressing in different developmental stages. An overlapping expression pattern was found for abiotic stresses and reproductive development, wherein 8 genes were up-regulated and 7 down-regulated. Expression pattern of the 13 selected genes was validated employing real time PCR, and it was found to be in accordance with the microarray expression data for most of the genes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Exploration of protein phosphatase gene family in rice has resulted in the identification of 132 members, which can be further divided into different classes phylogenetically. Expression profiling and analysis indicate the involvement of this large gene family in a number of signaling pathways triggered by abiotic stresses and their possible role in plant development. Our study will provide the platform from where; the expression pattern information can be transformed into molecular, cellular and biochemical characterization of members belonging to this gene family.</p

Baller-Gerold Syndrome a Rare Cause of Heart-Hand Syndrome

Heart hand syndromes are characterized by radial abnormalities and associated defects in the heart. We here describe an extremely rare heart hand syndrome known as Baller-Gerold syndrome

Pseudo-aneurysm of mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa: Two case reports

AbstractThe fibrous body between the mitral and aortic valve, known as mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) is prone to infection and injury resulting in pseudo-aneurysm formation. Because of its relative rarity, we are far from making any conclusion regarding the natural history and appropriate therapeutic strategy for this condition. We report two cases of this condition with two different and rare etiologies with strikingly different natural courses, providing insight into the natural course and timing of surgery in this rare entity