Managing children with diabetes within the family: Entering into the Diabetes Orbit

Background: Diabetes is the disease of family and parents of children with diabetes face different problems which concerns meeting the developmental needs of children and daily control of children with diabetes. This article aims to explain how to manage diabetes around the child's life within the family. Methods: In this qualitative study, data was collected through semi-structured interview technique and was analyzed using Grounded Theory approach. The process of data collection was carried out by purposeful sampling. The participants included 13 individuals from nine families (11 parents and two children with diabetes). The research environment was health centers in Iran providing care to the families of children with diabetes. Data analysis was performed using Corbin and Strauss approach. Data was analyzed with using MAXQDA software (version 10). Results: The core category of "Entering into the Orbit of Diabetes" addresses the story of how to keep track of managing children with diabetes within the family which included Main categories "bitter taste of sugar", "drawing coordinates of diabetes", and "taking control of diabetes". Conclusion: The outcome of "enter into the orbit of diabetes" results capturing the control of diabetes. The findings of the present study may play an integral part to help households with practicing appropriate strategies for the management of children with diabetes. © 2016 Sanjari et al

Conceptual design of elliptical cavities for intensity and position sensitive beam measurements in storage rings

Position sensitive beam monitors are indispensable for the beam diagnostics in storage rings. Apart from their applications in the measurements of beam parameters, they can be used in non-destructive in-ring decay studies of radioactive ion beams as well as enhancing precision in the isochronous mass measurement technique. In this work, we introduce a novel approach based on cavities with elliptical cross-section, in order to compensate for existing limitations in ion storage rings. The design is aimed primarily for future heavy ion storage rings of the FAIR project. The conceptual design is discussed together with simulation results.Comment: Added definition of Uv and Pdiss in the introduction section. Added Mode numbering in table 1 and figure 1 for more clarity. Corrected one wrong figure reference. Other minor typo correction

Perfluorocarbon liquid migration into the subarachnoid space in a patient with morning glory syndrome

Purpose: To report a case of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) migration into the subarachnoid space at the time of vitreoretinal surgery in a patient with morning glory syndrome associated retinal detachment. Case report: A 9-year-old girl underwent pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection for retinal detachment associated with morning glory syndrome. PFCL was used for retinal stabilization before endolaser photocoagulation. The retina detached, and repeated vitrectomy and silicone oil injection was performed. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed PFCL in the subarachnoid space. Conclusion: The migration of perfluorocarbon into the subarachnoid space is a rare complication of vitrectomy in patients with morning glory syndrome. © 2015 Iranian Society of Ophthalmology

Upper blepharoplasty and lateral wound dehiscence

Purpose: To report the frequency of lateral wound dehiscence (LWD) after upper blepharoplasty (UB), a technique and its outcome to prevent LWD. Materials and Methods:A retrospective review was performed for cases of LWD after UB presenting between 2003 and 2009, and then a prospective comparative study was performed between February 2009 and March 2013. For the comparison, subjects were divided into two groups based on intraoperative assessment of lateral wound tension (same technique and surgeon). Group 1 received 1-3 orbicularis/subcutaneous buried sutures (6-0 polyglactin) before interrupted 6-0 nylon skin closure. Group 2 underwent skin closure only. Subjects, who had re-operation, skin healing disorders, and incomplete follow-up (<6 months), were excluded. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There were 14 (14/678, 2) cases with LWD with a mean age of 36.2 years in the audit (2003-2009). The prospective study included 68 subjects (68/293, 23.2) in Group 1 and 225 in Group 2. Gender and simultaneous forehead and eyebrow procedures were similar between groups (P = 0.3 and P = 0.4 respectively). Group 1 was statistically significantly younger at mean age of 41.4 years, compared to Group 2 at 56.1 years (P = 0.000). The frequency of LWD significantly (P = 0.04) decreased to 0.3 (1/293). Conclusion: In the presence of wound tension on skin closure (intraoperative assessment), tension relieving buried orbicularis/subcutaneous 6-0 polyglactin suturing of the lateral UB incision could prevent LWD. © 2015 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow

Vitreopapillary traction in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Purpose: To describe the association between vitreous traction on the optic disc and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Methods: Eighty three eyes of 83 patients with NAION were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) for detecting vitreous adhesion to the optic nerve head with separation from the adjacent retina (partial posterior vitreous detachment). Eyes which were negative for such adhesion underwent ultrasonography to detect complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Results: Fifty male and 33 female subjects with mean age of 51.9±10 years were studied. Partial PVD with optic nerve head adhesion was found in 54 patients (65.1) using OCT. Ultrasonography detected complete PVD in all other eyes with optically empty spaces on OCT. Conclusion: Vitreous traction on the optic nerve head from partial PVD may play a causative role in some cases of NAION. This traction may impair vascular supply and/or axoplasmic flow leading to signs and symptoms of NAION

Study of deformation texture in an AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled at wide range of rolling speed and reductions

Having the lowest density among all structural metals, magnesium has opened new horizons for developing commercial alloys with successful use in a wide variety of applications [1-2]. However, the plasticity of Mg is restricted at low temperatures because: (a) only a small number of deformation mechanisms can be activated [3-4], and (b) a preferred crystallographic orientation (texture) develops in wrought alloys, especially in flat-rolled sheets [5-7]. Therefore, manufacturing processes such as rolling and stamping should be performed at elevated temperatures [1, 8]. These barriers to the manufacturing process increase the price of magnesium wrought alloy products and limits the use of Mg to castings [9-10]. As a result, many studies have been conducted to improve formability by investigating the effect of manufacturing process. Therefore the current sheet production techniques, based on DC casting and hot rolling, are basically slow because the demand is easily met [11]. Twin roll casting followed by hot rolling appears to be processing route which can fulfil high volumes and reduced costs. The present authors succeeded in single-pass large draught rolling of various magnesium alloy sheets at low temperature (<473K) by high speed rolling [12]. Based on the data available in those works [13- 17], the sheet obtained by high-speed rolling exhibited a fine-grained microstructure (mean grain size of 2-3 μm), with good mechanical properties. For these advantages, the high speed rolling is a promising process to produce high-quality rolled magnesium alloy sheets at a low cost. For these advantages, the HSR is a promising process to produce high-quality rolled magnesium alloy sheets at a low cost. The goal of this research is thus to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the much higher rollability and the grain refinement after HSR. To do that, in this study, different rolling speeds from 15 to 1000 m/min were employed to twin rolled cast AZ31B magnesium alloy and different reductions

Causes of Death Accompanying by Soft Tissue Neck Hemorrhage

Background: Generally, soft tissue hemorrhages in anterior part of the neck are attributed to the neck compression or trauma and suspicion goes more to homicidal death than suicide. Although artificial posterior neck hemorrhages are described as Prinsloo-Gordon phenomenon in cadavers with posterior lividity, studies conducted on such hemorrhages in the anterior and lateral compartments are rare. This study intends to investigate causes of death accompanied by soft tissue neck hemorrhages in different compartments of neck. Method: In this retrospective case series, between March 2008 and 2009, cadavers whose autopsies indicated soft tissue neck hemorrhages and the lividity was dominant in posterior, were evaluated according to the cause of death and anatomical and histological locations of hemorrhage. Results: Among 86 cases of neck hemorrhage, 72.1% (n=62) were male. Direct neck trauma, hanging, strangulation, chocking and positional asphyxia constituted 50% (n=43) of them, 40.7% (n=35) were non-asphyxial, non-traumatic deaths such as natural diseases, drug and CO poisoning, electrocution and drowning, and 9.3% (n=8) were unknown. 65.1% (n=28) of non-traumatic, non-asphyxial cases bore anterior or lateral neck hemorrhages. Conclusion: The considerable prevalence of soft neck tissue hemorrhages in non asphyxial deaths with no history of neck trauma and the location of such hemorrhages in anterior and lateral sides of neck, lead the investigators to pay more attention to interpret these hemorrhages and determining the mode and cause of death

Clinical learning environments (actual and expected): Perceptions of Iran University of Medical Sciences nursing students

Background: Educational clinical environment has an important role in nursing students' learning. Any difference between actual and expected clinical environment will decrease nursing students' interest in clinical environments and has a negative correlation with their clinical performance. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study is an attempt to compare nursing students' perception of the actual and expected status of clinical environments in medical-surgical wards. Participants of the study were 127 bachelor nursing students of Iran University of Medical Sciences in the internship period. Data gathering instruments were a demographic questionnaire (including sex, age, and grade point average), and the Clinical Learning Environment Inventory (CLEI) originally developed by Professor Chan (2001), in which its modified Farsi version (Actual and Preferred forms) consisting 42 items, 6 scales and 7 items per scale was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test, paired t-test, ANOVA) were used for data analysis through SPSS version 16. Results: The results indicated that there were significant differences between the preferred and actual form in all six scales. In other word, comparing with the actual form, the mean scores of all items in the preferred form were higher. The maximum mean difference was in innovation and the highest mean difference was in involvement scale. Conclusion: It is concluded that nursing students do not have a positive perception of their actual clinical teaching environment and this perception is significantly different from their perception of their expected environment

Vitrectomy and Release of Presumed Epipapillary Vitreous Traction for Treatment of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Associated with Partial Posterior Vitreous Detachment

Objective: To study the results of vitrectomy and release of epipapillary vitreous adhesions for the treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) associated with partial posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Design: Prospective noncomparative interventional case series. Participants: A series of 16 patients with clinical picture of NAION and small discs associated with partial PVD, diagnosed clinically and confirmed by optical coherence tomography and B-scan ultrasonography. Intervention: All patients underwent standard pars plana vitrectomy with meticulous removal of epipapillary vitreous adhesions within 1 month from the onset of visual symptoms. Main Outcome Measures: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mean deviation of visual fields, and color vision testing. Results: In 15 patients BCVA improved (93.7), mean preoperative BCVA was 6/38 (0.82±0.53 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution logMAR), which improved to 6/18 (0.49±0.37 logMAR) postoperatively at 3 months. Nine eyes (56%) had �3 lines of visual improvement. Visual fields improved in 4 patients and color vision improved in 1 patient. Conclusion: Vitreous traction from partial PVD may have a causative role in some cases of NAION associated with small discs. In these cases, vitrectomy and removal of epipapillary vitreous may result in improvement of visual acuity. © 2007 American Academy of Ophthalmology