EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN AWAR-AWAR (Ficus septica) SEBAGAI FUNGISIDA NABATI TERHADAP PENEKANAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA TANAMAN CABAI BESAR

Uji efektivitas ekstrak daun awar-awar (Ficus septica) terhadap penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman cabai besar secara in vivo dilakukan di dalam rumah kaca. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun awar-awar yang diuji adalah 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% dan 0% sebagai kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan ekstrak daun awar-awar secara nyata (P<0,05) menurunkan persentase penyakit antraknosa pada cabai besar. Perlakuan ekstrak dengan konsentrasi antara 1% - 5% mampu menghasilkan daya hambat terhadap persentase penyakit antraknosa antara 30,39% sampai 100%, sedangkan penggunaan ekstrak 4% dan 5% memberikan respon yang tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) terhadap persentase penyakit. Ditemukan hubungan yang negatif antara konsentrasi ekstrak dengan persentase penyakit antraknosa, semakin tinggi konsentrasi formula ekstrak, maka semakin rendah persentase penyakit dengan persamaan y = -25,86 ln(x) + 42,69 dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) = 0,97. Perlakuan ekstrak daun awar-awar secara nyata (P<0,05) menurunkan intensitas penyakit antraknosa pada cabai besar. Perlakuan ekstrak dengan konsentrasi antara 1% sampai 5% mampu menurunkan intensitas penyakit antara 34,31% sampai 100%, sedangkan penggunaan ekstrak 4% dan 5% memberikan respon yang tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) terhadap intensitas penyakit. Penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang negatif antara konsentrasi ekstrak dengan intensitas penyakit antraknosa pada cabai besar dengan persamaan y = - 5,07ln(x) + 39,16 dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) = 0,99. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan maka hasil semakin meningkat sampai konsentrasi optimum (4%), apabila konsentrasi ekstrak daun awar-awar yang digunakan lebih tinggi dari konsentrasi 4% maka hasil cabai merah akan menurun mengikuti persamaan y = -0,013x2 + 0,199x + 0,020 dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) = 0,85.Kata kunci: efektivitas, antraknosa, intensitas penyakit, Ficus septica

Y-Chromosome Microsatellite DNA Variations on Terunyan Bali Mula Society

The Balinese is comprised of genealogical patrilineal clans named as soroh. However, remnants of ancient Bali Mula communities have their own local genealogy which differ from the general soroh. The Pasek Trunyan together with Pasek Kayu Selem, Pasek Celagi, and Pasek Kayuan are part of Bali Mula which believed to be descendants of one ancestor, Empu Kamareka. Here we reported genetic variation of the Terunyan society. The microsatellites Y-chromosome markers (DYS19, DYS390, DYS393, and DYS395) were used in this study. There were 12 alleles found and the result showed the low genetic diversity (D = 0.28 + 0.05) within Terunyan society. Nine haplotypes based on allelic combination were found, dominated by major haplotype with frequency of 0.50 which spread out in many genealogical lineage called dadia. The haplotype data showed that Terunyan society derived from many gene sources. Key words: patrilineal, pasek, soroh, dadia, haplotip

PERBANDINGAN KANDUNGAN MINYAK ATSIRI TANAMAN SEREH WANGI (Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle) YANG DITANAM DI LOKASI BERBEDA

It has been conducted a research that aims to determine the ratio of essential oil content of citronella stalks (Cymbopogon nardus Rendle L.) grown in the lowlands of Denpasar and the highlands of Bedugul. The experiment was conducted by using experimental designs. The parameters measured were the volume and the level of citronella oil produced. The sample preparation of powdered citronella stalks was as much as 200 grams, macerated with 96% ethanol and evaporated with Vacuum rotary evaporator to form condensed extract. The research used quantitative methods. The volume of hydro distillation was to obtain a crude extract of citronella stalks and the identification of active compounds was conducted by using Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). It can be concluded that the levels of citronella essential oil stalks from the highland of Bedugul was higher than the lowland areas of Denpasar, while the quality of essential oil of the lowland of Denpasar was better than that of the Bedugul highland. The content of secondary metabolites of the results of GC-MS analysis obtained from the essential oils contained in the analyzed crude extract of citronella stalks namely the compound of Selina-6-en-4-ol (2287322), the compound of n-hexadecanoic acid (1238019) and the compound of Driman-8,11-diol from the lowland of Denpasar while the Selina compound-6-en-4-ol (1856137) from the highland of Bedugul. Keywords: Citronella, essential oil content, altitud

Isolation and molecular identification of fungi causing stem rot disease in Bali's local legumes

Efforts to improve food security in Indonesia, particularly Bali, need to be supported by improvements in cultivation techniques, including the management of pests and diseases. Meanwhile, legume crops are often attacked by stem rot diseases which potentially decrease production and leads to economic losses. This disease is generally caused by the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii or Athelia rolfsii. The macroscopic and microscopic morphologies of these two species are the same and difficult to distinguish, hence, molecular identification is needed to differentiate between the species. Therefore, this study aims to isolate and molecularly identify the fungi causing stem rot disease in local legume plants in Bali. The methods used include isolation of pathogenic fungi from legumes showing symptoms of stem rot disease, pathogenicity test, identification of isolates with the highest virulent levels, DNA extraction, DNA amplification by PCR and electrophoresis, ITS region sequencing and computer analysis sequences. The isolation procedure identified six fungal isolates coded SKT, SKB1, SKB2 SKB3, SKL and SKN isolates. SKT isolates had the highest virulence rate as indicated by the pathogenicity test of peanut plants. Furthermore, molecular identification results show that SKT isolate is Athelia rolfsii, a similar clade with the fungi sequences in GenBank with 100% bootstrap support

Variasi DNA Mikrosatelit Kromosom Y pada Masyarakat Bali Mula Terunyan

The Balinese is comprised of genealogical patrilineal clans named as soroh. However, remnants of ancient Bali Mula communities have their own local genealogy which differ from the general soroh. The Pasek Trunyan together with Pasek Kayu Selem, Pasek Celagi, and Pasek Kayuan are part of Bali Mula which believed to be descendants of one ancestor, Empu Kamareka. Here we reported genetic variation of the Terunyan society. The microsatellites Y-chromosome markers (DYS19, DYS390, DYS393, and DYS395) were used in this study. There were 12 alleles found and the result showed the low genetic diversity (D = 0.28 ± 0.05) within Terunyan society. Nine haplotypes based on allelic combination were found, dominated by major haplotype with frequency of 0.50 which spread out in many genealogical lineage called dadia. The haplotype data showed that Terunyan society derived from many gene sources

PENGARUH DOSIS DAN LAMA PERLAKUAN EKSTRAK DAUN KALIANDRA MERAH (Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn.) TERHADAP STRUKTUR HISTOLOGI GINJAL MENCIT (Mus musculus L.)

This research aims to determine the effect of red calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsusMeissn.) leaf extrac on the histological structure of the kidney of mice (Mus musculus L.).Treatment was administered orally with varying doses. This research used a CompletelyRandomized Design in factorial pattern of two factors, doses (0 or control, 2, 4, and 6 mg/kgBW) and length of treatment (7, 14, and 21 days), so there are 12 combination groups with 3replications of each. Organ was collected on days 8, 15, and 22 to observe histologicalstructure of the kidney. Renal histological observation of edema, Bowman’s spaceconstriction, and protein deposition, showed no correlation between both factors, but a veryreal correlation occurs in the damage of fatty degeneration, hemorrhage, and nucleuspyknotic. Histological observation of glomerular congestion and infiltration of inflammatorycells did not show any correlation between dose and duration of treatment.Keywords: red calliandra, histopathology of kidney, male mic

UJI VIABILITAS BENIH ANGGREK HITAM (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) DENGAN MASA SIMPAN YANG BERBEDA

The black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) is an epiphytic orchid spesies that iscurrently endangered. To protect and maintain the genetic resources it is necessary to find theproper way to store seeds in a long time. The purpose this study is to determine the viability ofthe black orchid seeds sowed in organic medium with different storage period. The result showedthat the seeds sown in fresh condition has the highest percentage of growth up to 60%, seedswith storage period of 2 weeks has growth percentage of 20%, while the storage period of 4weeks has growth percentage of 2.5%. The growth phase of sowed seeds in fresh condition andseeds storage in 2 weeks periode is phase 4 (second leaf formed embryo) and seeds storage in 2weeks periode is phase 2 (green embryo). This suggest that the storage condition of black orchidseeds is influence physiology and seed viability.Keywords: Coelogyne pandurata Lindl., seed viability, storage period

POTENSI BAKTERI Pseudomonas sp. DAN Ochrobactrum sp. YANG DI ISOLASI DARI BERBAGAI SAMPEL TANAH DALAM MENDEGRADASI LIMBAH POLIMER PLASTIK BERBAHAN DASAR HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) DAN LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE)

plastics on a large scale has an effect on the increase to the amount of world waste, such as High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastics. This study, tried to isolate Pseudomonas and Ochrobactrum bacteria from various soil in dumped soil area and mangrove forest in Bali to find out the degradation ability of the bacteria against HDPE and LDPE plastics. The methods used in this study were pour plate method, Biochemical and morphology identification by using Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 9th Edition book as a reference, screening test and the determination of bacterial species by using Vitek 2 Compact System. Evaluation of degradation result was done by measuring the weight loss of plastics residues. This study has isolated 27 bacteria that estimated from genus Pseudomonas and Ochrobactrum with characteristics as basil shape, Gram negative, positive catalase and classified as non-fermenter bacteria. Isolate 2 bacteria which isolated from Suwung dumped soil has identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi with the ability of HDPE degradation by 20% and Isolate 24 which isolated from Karangasem dumped soil has identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the ability of HDPE degradation by 18,75%. Keywords : Plastics waste, Biodegradation, High Density Polyethylene and Low Density Polyeten

DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK KULIT DAUN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe barbadensis Miller) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923DAN Escherichia coli ATCC 25922

This research aimed to determine the inhibited effect of Aloe (Aloe barbadensis Miller) rind extract to the growthof bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the most effective concentration for the resistanceagainst both of bacteria tested. The results showed that the extracts of Aloe rind inhibited the growth of bacteriaStaphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. It was indicated by the formation ofinhibition zones with the largest diameter average occurred concentrations of 100% with the size 11,58 mm forthe Staphylococcus aureus and 6,81 mm in Escherichia coli. The highest concentration inhibited the growth ofStaphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was 100% and 75% for the Escherichia coli ATCC 25922