Etude comparative de l’exploitation traditionnelle de la pintade locale (Numida meleagris) dans deux villages, Toêghin et Sambonaye, au Burkina Faso

L’élevage de la pintade se pratique à Sambonaye comme à Toêghin, sans distinction de sexes, respectivement dans les régions du Centre et du Sahel du Burkina Faso. Il comporte dans sa pratique à la fois des avantages et également des inconvénients bien connus des p roducteurs. Cette activité représente, non seulement une source importante de revenus et de protéines pour la population, mais elle répond également à leurs besoins socioculturels. Les produits de cet élevage servent  essentiellement à la vente, à la reproduction, aux dons, à  l’autoconsommation et également aux sacrifices. Les différents  pourcentages affectés à chacun des éléments d’exploitation sont approchés dans cette étude. Cette activité est liée à la saison, car défavorable en saison sèche, elle est favorable à la saison des pluies. Mais, cet élevage connaît malheureusement des contraintes  multifactorielles, parmi lesquelles les contraintes sanitaires qui conduisent à des taux de mortalité très élevés. L’élevage de la pintade revêt plusieurs avantages et inconvénients avec lesquels l’éleveur est obligé de composer tous les jours. Mais les différentes voies d’exploitation de la pintade demeurent variables d’une année à l’autre et d’un village à l’autre.Mots clés : Burkina Faso, avantages, inconvénients, exploitation, pintades

Survie et performances de croissance des pintadeaux en milieu contrôlé au nord du Burkina Faso

Au Burkina Faso, les pintadeaux connaissent une très forte mortalité liée à des causes multifactorielles, et leur vitesse de croissance reste encore méconnue par les techniciens, tant de la recherche que du développement. Cette étude vise à évaluer les performances de croissance et le taux de mortalité des pintadeaux dans les conditions d’élevage améliorées. Le maximum du poids des oeufs incubés est compris dans la catégorie de 40-45 g. Les de mensurations des oeufs ont révélé une longueur moyenne de 47,4 ± 1,428 mm et 38,65 ± 1,08 mm en moyenne pour le grand diamètre. Le taux de mortalité a été de 9,10%, 7,00% et 9,80%  respectivement chez le producteur I, II et III avec une moyenne de 8,63%. Le poids vifs des pintadeaux à l’éclosion est de 26,59 ± 2,77 g pour les deux sexes. Pour les femelles, il est de 27,69 ± 2,18g et de 25,48 ± 3,35 g pour les mâles. La courbe de croissance des femelles est largement au dessus de celle des mâles. Les pintadeaux femelles ont un GMQ de 2,84 g et les pintadeaux mâles de 2,27 g pendant les deux premières semaines. Le Gain Moyen Quotidien est de 3,78 g pendant les quatre mois. Le test révèle un effet positif du protocole sur la mortalité des pintadeaux.Mots-clés : Pintadeaux, mortalité, croissance, Burkina Faso

Identification of human semiochemicals attractive to the major vectors of onchocerciasis

Background: Entomological indicators are considered key metrics to document the interruption of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus, the etiological agent of human onchocerciasis. Human landing collection is the standard employed for collection of the vectors for this parasite. Recent studies reported the development of traps that have the potential for replacing humans for surveillance of O. volvulus in the vector population. However, the key chemical components of human odor that are attractive to vector black flies have not been identified. Methodology/Principal Findings: Human sweat compounds were analyzed using GC-MS analysis and compounds common to three individuals identified. These common compounds, with others previously identified as attractive to other hematophagous arthropods were evaluated for their ability to stimulate and attract the major onchocerciasis vectors in Africa (Simulium damnosum sensu lato) and Latin America (Simulium ochraceum s. l.) using electroantennography and a Y tube binary choice assay. Medium chain length carboxylic acids and aldehydes were neurostimulatory for S. damnosum s.l. while S. ochraceum s.l. was stimulated by short chain aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes. Both species were attracted to ammonium bicarbonate and acetophenone. The compounds were shown to be attractive to the relevant vector species in field studies, when incorporated into a formulation that permitted a continuous release of the compound over time and used in concert with previously developed trap platforms. Conclusions/Significance: The identification of compounds attractive to the major vectors of O. volvulus will permit the development of optimized traps. Such traps may replace the use of human vector collectors for monitoring the effectiveness of onchocerciasis elimination programs and could find use as a contributing component in an integratedvector control/drug program aimed at eliminating river blindness in Africa

Poids de l'oeuf de la pintade locale (Numida meleagris) dans la région centrale du Burkina Faso: rapports avec les variables de l'incubation artificielle et la production des pintadeaux

Local Guinea Fowl's (Numida meleagris) Eggs Weight in the Central Area of Burkina Faso: Relationship with Artificial Incubation Variables and Keets Production. The relationships between the local guinea fowl's (Numida meleagris) egg weight and keets' production parameters in the central region of Burkina Faso are studied. The local guinea fowl's eggs (n= 2500) are distributed, per interval of 5 g, in five categories of weight going from 25 g to 50 g. The fertility average rate is 84.4% and varies with the egg weight. The embryonic death rate average is 17.3% and 11.2% with 6.1% are noticed respectively the 1st and the 24th day and between the 25th and the 31st day of incubation. The real hatchery rate is significantly (p< 0.05) correlated (r= 0.85) to the egg weight. The one-day keets weight average is about 25.2 ± 1.9 g and is significantly (p< 0.05) correlated (r= 0.96) to egg weight. This positive relation is always observed between the egg weight and the kinetics of the keets growth (r= 0.97). The one day keets weight (y) is estimated by that of the egg (x) by the regression equation y(g)= 0.4461 x g + 5.3867 (r2= 0.72). The mortality average rate of keets is 16.5% and drops when the egg weight increases. This average is strongly influenced by the death rate (46.4%) recorded in the category of eggs weight from 25 g to 30 g

Local Guinea Fowl (<em>Numida meleagris</em>) Weight Performance under Improved Feeding System in the Central Region of Burkina Faso

The growth performance of 200 local guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) (97 females and 103 males) were studied in an improved feeding system. The hatching body weights were 25.8 ± 3.1 g in females and 25.5 ± 2.4 g in males. The body weights at inflexion points were 523.0 ± 171.4 g in females and 497.0 ± 134.7 g in males, and the asymptotic weights were 962.0 ± 147.8 g and 857.0 ± 183.7 g, respectively. The weights at inflexion points and the asymptotic weights varied significantly (p < 0.05) depending on the variety. The daily weight gains at inflexion points were 10.1 ± 4.7 g in females and 10.2 ± 5.1 g in males, occurring at 12-14 weeks and 14-16 weeks of age, respectively, i.e. the optimum slaughtering age for each sex was within these intervals. The general average growth rate was 29.2 ± 16.8% for both sexes (30.0 ± 18.0% in females and 28.4 ± 15.9% in males). The carcass yield increased from 65.7% at 16 weeks to 74.3% at 22 weeks, and dropped to 70.4% at 56 weeks. The feed conversion ratio was 4.6 from 0 to 16 weeks in all the birds

Essais d'intensification de la production animale en zone sahelo-soudanienne: Alimentation intensive de jeunes ovins dans le nord du Burkina

Esquisse sur quatre essais d'alimentation intensive effectues pour connaitre le potentiel de croissance des moutons de race Mossi et Peul de la region du Yatenga au Burkina Faso, avec donnees sur les indices de consommation et les gains de poids moyens quotidiens de moutons

Effect of the egg weight of guinea fowl (<em>Numida meleagris</em>) on growth and reproduction parameters of chicks in Burkina Faso

Two thousand three hundred guinea fowl eggs collected at Gampela Station in Burkina Faso were weighed, then divided into six classes ranging from 20–25 g to 45–50 g. The eggs were incubated and the following parameters were recorded: fertility and hatching rates, guinea fowl weight, mortality, and weight growth up to 56 days of age. The average egg weight was 35.2 ± 1.3 g with unequal distribution in the six classes; the highest number of eggs was in class 35–40 g. The average egg fertility rate was 84.4%; it was correlated (r = 0.81; p < 0.05) to egg weight. The apparent hatching rate was 65.7% and the actual rate was 82.7%; the latter was correlated (r = 0.85; p < 0.05) to egg weight. The average hatching live weight of guinea fowl was 25.3 ± 4.3 g; it was also significantly related to egg weight (r = 0.96; p < 0.05). The average mortality rate for guinea fowl was 16.5%; it was related to the weight of the egg and therefore of the chick. The average weight of guinea fowl at 56 days (PDS56) was 152.5 ± 20.3 g; it was related to egg weight (EW) according to the regression: PDS56 = -279.1 + 11.8 EW with R² = 0.87. This study shows that it is important to reject low-grade eggs (< 35 g) in order to produce high-performance chicks

Caractéristiques de l'élevage villageois de la pintade locale Numida meleagris au centre de Burkina Faso

The Characteristics of Rural Guinea Fowl Numida meleagris Breeding System in the Centre of Burkina Faso. The characteristics of rural guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) breeding system in the centre of Burkina Faso are presented through a formal investigation. This activity is exclusively practised by men 32 or more years old. For reproduction and sale, 40.2% and 39.2% of the flock are respectively used. For gifts, 11.4% are used and for self-consumption 9.2%. The male reaches his sexual maturity at 6.2 ± 0.6 months and the female at 7.1 ± 1.8 months. The female lays 103.8 ± 9.6 eggs per year. Her laying career duration is 3.0 ± 0.6 years. The numerical productivity is about 5.3 ± 1.2 adults per female per year. The sex-ratio in the livestock farming is 2.3 ± 1.1 females per 1 male. The hatchery rates of 75.0% and 90.0% are observed respectively during the dry and rainy seasons. The incubation is made with 25 to 30 eggs per hen per hatchery. The keets leave the hen around 2.6 ± 0.5 months. The breeder holds traditional knows-how in several fields. The major constraints remain the mortality of the keets, the weak aptitude for the incubation, and the lack of technical knowledge on guinea fowl breeding. The proposals for a sustainable development of this activity will be focussed on the lifting of the identified constraints