Reassortment events in Group C viruses.

<p>(a) Apeu, (b) Itaqui, (c) Oriboca and (d) Summary of RDP4 analysis to determine potential reassortants.</p

Revalidation and genetic characterization of new members of Group C (<i>Orthobunyavirus</i> genus, <i>Peribunyaviridae</i> family) isolated in the Americas

<div><p>Group C serogroup includes members of the <i>Orthobunyavirus</i> genus (family <i>Peribunyaviridae</i>) and comprises 15 arboviruses that can be associated with febrile illness in humans. Although previous studies described the genome characterization of Group C orthobunyavirus, there is a gap in genomic information about the other viruses in this group. Therefore, in this study, complete genomes of members of Group C serogroup were sequenced or re-sequenced and used for genetic characterization, as well as to understand their phylogenetic and evolutionary aspects. Thus, our study reported the genomes of three new members in Group C virus (Apeu strain BeAn848, Itaqui strain BeAn12797 and Nepuyo strain BeAn10709), as well as re-sequencing of original strains of five members: Caraparu (strain BeAn3994), Madrid (strain BT4075), Murucutu (strain BeAn974), Oriboca (strain BeAn17), and Marituba (strain BeAn15). These viruses presented a typical genomic organization related to members of the <i>Orthobunyavirus</i> genus. Interestingly, all viruses of this serogroup showed an open reading frame (ORF) that encodes the putative nonstructural NSs protein that precedes the nucleoprotein ORF, an unprecedented fact in Group C virus. Also, we confirmed the presence of natural reassortment events. This study expands the genomic information of Group C viruses, as well as revalidates the genomic organization of viruses that were previously reported.</p></div

ML phylogenetic trees based on alignments of nucleotide sequences of Group C viruses.

<p>(a) S segment (b) M segment and (c) L segment. Phylogenies are midpoint rooted for clarity of presentation. The scale bar indicates evolutionary distance in numbers of substitutions per nucleotides substitutions/site, and the principal bootstrap support levels were indicated. Branches are colour-coded according to group. Viruses strains sequenced in this study are highlighted with red color. The Bimiti, Guama, Catu and Mahogany hammock were used as outgroup. Pairwise distance based on alignments of nucleotide sequences of Group C viruses with (d) S segment (e) M segment and (f) L segment.</p

Group C viruses used in the present study.

<p>Group C viruses used in the present study.</p

Genome organization of Group C viruses.

<p>(a) Apeu, (b) Caraparu, (c) Itaqui, (d) Madrid, (e) Marituba, (f) Murucutu, (g) Nepuyo and (h) Oriboca.</p

Alignment of non-structural protein of Group C viruses.

<p>Alignment of non-structural protein of Group C viruses.</p

Epidemiological Data: Numbers of suspected ZIKV cases and suspected microcephaly cases per state and per epidemiological week.

Contains 1) CSV file with number suspected ZIKV cases from January 2015 to the end of December 2015; 2) CSV file with number of suspected microcephaly cases from January 2015 to the first week of January 2016. Numbers correspond to suspected microcephaly cases at week 20 of pregnancy; 3) CSV file with codes of state of residence and municipality of residence in Brazil; and 4) R scripts for correlation analysis described in SI Section 1.5

Sequence data details and alignments for dataset A and B.

Contains (1) table with accession numbers, isolate names, cell passage history, publication details, country/location of sampling, sampling dates and (2) Fasta format sequence alignments of datasets A and B

BEAST XML input file used for genetic analysis.

BEAST XML input file used to generate Figure 3 under a strict clock model, a Bayesian skyline coalescent prior and a CTMC prior on the clock rate