274 research outputs found
High resolution mapping and identification of candidate genes for the BaMMV/BaYMV-resistance gene rym13 and Ryd3 involved in BYDV-tolerance of barley
Die Gelbmosaikvirose der Gerste, verursacht durch Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) und Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) und die Gelbverzwergung der Gerste, verursacht durch Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) fĂŒhren zu erheblichen Ertragsverlusten. Aufgrund der Ăbertragung durch den bodenbĂŒrdigen Plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis im Falle der Gelbmosaikvirose bzw. durch BlattlĂ€use (Gelbverzwergung) ist die ZĂŒchtung resistenter bzw. toleranter Sorten die einzige ökologisch und ökonomisch sinnvolle Möglichkeit hohe Ernteverluste zu verhindern.
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde die hochauflösende Kartierung und die Identifikation von Kandidatengenen fĂŒr das BaMMV Resistenzgen rym13 sowie das BYDV Toleranzgen Ryd3 durchgefĂŒhrt.
FĂŒr die Kartierung von rym13 wurde eine hochauflösende Kartierungspopulation, bestehend aus 5.191 F2 Pflanzen, erstellt. Durch Verankerung der flankierenden Marker in bereits veröffentlichten genomischen Ressourcen fĂŒr Gerste in Kombination mit der Verwendung von next-generation-sequencing Techniken (GBS, WGS) konnte das resistenzgentragende Intervall verkĂŒrzt und co-segregierende Kandidatengene identifiziert werden. Die Analyse der phĂ€notypischen und genotypischen Daten ergab auĂerdem eine unabhĂ€ngige Vererbung der BaMMV und BaYMV- Resistenz in der widerstandsfĂ€higen Elternlinie âTaihoku Aâ. Nach Kartierung in einer unabhĂ€ngigen Validierungspopulation stellten sich zwei Gene als vielversprechende Kandidaten fĂŒr rym13 heraus.
Zur Feinkartierung von Ryd3 wurde die Anzahl der F2 Pflanzen der Kartierungspopulation von LĂŒpken et al. (2014) auf 7.427 Pflanzen erhöht. Nach Verankerung der Marker in der Referenzsequenz der Gerste (Mascher et al. 2017) konnte das toleranzgentragende Intervall auf 104,14 mio bp eingeschrĂ€nkt werden. Auf Grund der groĂen Anzahl an Genen in diesem Intervall sind hier weiterfĂŒhrende Analysen notwendig, um Ryd3 zu isolieren. Zu diesem Zweck wurde im Rahmen der Arbeit eine TILLING-Population erstellt und steht nun fĂŒr weitere Experimente zur VerfĂŒgung.
Zusammenfassend stellt diese Arbeit eine essenzielle Grundlage fĂŒr die Isolation von rym13 und Ryd3 dar.Barley yellow mosaic disease, caused by Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) and Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), and barley yellow dwarf, caused by Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), are important diseases of barley causing high yield losses. As BaMMV and BaYMV are transmitted by the soil-borne plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis and BYDV by aphids, the only environmently sound way to prevent these yield losses is breeding for resistant/tolerant cultivars.
In this thesis, high resolution mapping and candidate gene analysis for the BaMMV/BaYMV resistance gene rym13 and the BYDV tolerance conferring gene Ryd3 was conducted. For rym13, a high resolution mapping population based on 5,191 F2 plants was established and marker saturation was conducted by mapping the flanking markers to published genomic resources of barley. Using these genomic resources in combination with next-generation-sequencing-techniques led to a fast saturation of the resistance harbouring interval and identification of candidate genes. Analysing phenotypic and genotypic data revealed an independent inheritance of the BaMMV and BaYMV resistance in the cultivar âTaihoku Aâ. Two candidate genes for rym13, co-segregating with BaMMV resistance in an independent population, were identified.
Regarding Ryd3, the former mapping population established by LĂŒpken et al. (2014) was extended to 7,427 F2 plants. After mapping the co-segregating markers to the published reference genome of barley, the interval related to tolerance was shortened to 104.14 mio bp. This interval harbours a number of candidate genes. For further investigations to unravel the mechanism of tolerance, a TILLING population was established in the course of this thesis.
This study lays the foundation for subsequent isolation and validation of rym13 and Ryd3
Mapping of the Rpv Resistance Gene against Downy Mildew in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Die Entwicklung von Sorten, welche eine Resistenz gegen den Erreger des Falschen Mehltaus (Peronospora viciae f. sp. pisi) aufweisen, hat fĂŒr ErbsenzĂŒchter einen hohen Stellenwert, da dieser Pilz deutliche Ertragsminderungen und QualitĂ€tseinbuĂen verursachen kann. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine spaltende Nachkommenschaft von 335 F2-Nachkommen einer Initialkreuzung zwischen der anfĂ€lligen Hochleistunssorte `TopazÂŽ und der resistenten Zuchtlinie `Gen. 27ÂŽ erstellt. Jeweils 10 F3-Nachkommen dieser 335 F2-Pflanzen wurden in der Klimakammer auf Resistenz gegen den Falschen Mehltau getestet um auf den Genotyp der ursprĂŒnglichen F2-Pflanze schlieĂen zu können. Das VerhĂ€ltnis von 94 homozygot resistenten, 161 heterozygot resistenten und 80 homozygot anfĂ€lligen F2-Pflanzen weicht nicht signifikant von einer 1:2:1-Spaltung ab, die fĂŒr das Vorliegen eines dominanten Resistenzgens erwartet wird. Das ResisÂtenzgen Rpv wurde auf Kopplungsgruppe 1 der Erbse kartiert. Diese Kopplungsgruppe wurde anschlieĂend mit weiteren molekularen Markern, die in der Literatur beschrieben wurden, gesĂ€ttigt. Der Marker AD147 wurde dabei als proximaler Marker mit der geringsten Distanz (4,4 cM) bestimmt, wĂ€hrend in distaler Position AB28 eine Distanz von 18,8 cM aufwies. Durch Nutzung der Synthenie zum Medicago truncatula Chromosom 5 konnten keine enger gekoppelten Marker ermittelt werden. Der Nutzen der identifizierten Marker in unabhĂ€ngigem Zuchtmaterial konnte jedoch demonstriert und auch die Basis fĂŒr eine zukĂŒnftige Feinkartierung des ResisÂtenzgens gelegt werden.Downy mildew causes severe yield and quality losses in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Therefore, the development of downy mildew resistant varieties is of high priority for pea breeders. Within this study in total 335 F3 families from a cross of the highly susceptible green pea variety `TopazÂŽ with the resistant breeding line `Gen. 27ÂŽ were tested for resistance behaviour against Peronospora viciae f. sp. pisi to determine the genotype of the corresponding F2 parental plants. The ratio 94:161:80 for homozygous resistant, heterozygous resistant and homozygous susceptible F2 plants was not significantly different from 1:2:1, expected for the effect of a single dominant resistance gene. The resistance gene Rpv was mapped to linkage group 1 of the pea genetic map. This linkage group was saturated by molecular markers available from liteÂrature. The marker AD147 was identified as nearest proxiÂmal flanking marker with 4.4 cM distance, and in distal position marker AB28 with 18.8 cM distance. Further marker saturation using the syntenic relationship of P. sativum and Medicago truncatula was not effective. The usefulness of the identified markers for marker assisted selection has been confirmed in independent pea breeding material and the results of this study should lay the basis for future fine mapping studies
Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires
The production of tt⟠, W+bb⟠and W+cc⟠is studied in the forward region of protonâproton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fbâ1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays WââÎœ , where â denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of , and is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The bosons are reconstructed in the decays , where denotes muon or electron, while the and quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions
A study of CP violation in B-+/- -> DK +/- and B-+/- -> D pi(+/-) decays with D -> (KSK +/-)-K-0 pi(-/+) final states
A first study of CP violation in the decay modes and , where labels a or meson and labels a or meson, is performed. The analysis uses the LHCb data set collected in collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb. The analysis is sensitive to the CP-violating CKM phase through seven observables: one charge asymmetry in each of the four modes and three ratios of the charge-integrated yields. The results are consistent with measurements of using other decay modes
Study of the rare B-s(0) and B-0 decays into the pi(+) pi(-) mu(+) mu(-) final state
A search for the rare decays and is performed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. Decay candidates with pion pairs that have invariant mass in the range 0.5-1.3 GeV/ and with muon pairs that do not originate from a resonance are considered. The first observation of the decay and the first evidence of the decay are obtained and the branching fractions are measured to be and , where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay , used as a normalisation.A search for the rare decays Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ and B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ is performed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fbâ1 collected by the LHCb detector in protonâproton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV . Decay candidates with pion pairs that have invariant mass in the range 0.5â1.3 GeV/c2 and with muon pairs that do not originate from a resonance are considered. The first observation of the decay Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ and the first evidence of the decay B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ are obtained and the branching fractions, restricted to the dipion-mass range considered, are measured to be B(Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ)=(8.6±1.5 (stat)±0.7 (syst)±0.7(norm))Ă10â8 and B(B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ)=(2.11±0.51(stat)±0.15(syst)±0.16(norm))Ă10â8 , where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay B0âJ/Ï(âÎŒ+ÎŒâ)Kâ(892)0(âK+Ïâ) , used as a normalisation.A search for the rare decays Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ and B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ is performed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fbâ1 collected by the LHCb detector in protonâproton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV . Decay candidates with pion pairs that have invariant mass in the range 0.5â1.3 GeV/c2 and with muon pairs that do not originate from a resonance are considered. The first observation of the decay Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ and the first evidence of the decay B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ are obtained and the branching fractions, restricted to the dipion-mass range considered, are measured to be B(Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ)=(8.6±1.5 (stat)±0.7 (syst)±0.7(norm))Ă10â8 and B(B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ)=(2.11±0.51(stat)±0.15(syst)±0.16(norm))Ă10â8 , where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay B0âJ/Ï(âÎŒ+ÎŒâ)Kâ(892)0(âK+Ïâ) , used as a normalisation.A search for the rare decays and is performed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. Decay candidates with pion pairs that have invariant mass in the range 0.5-1.3 GeV/ and with muon pairs that do not originate from a resonance are considered. The first observation of the decay and the first evidence of the decay are obtained and the branching fractions, restricted to the dipion-mass range considered, are measured to be and , where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay , used as a normalisation
Observation of the B0 â Ï0Ï0 decay from an amplitude analysis of B0 â (Ï+Ïâ)(Ï+Ïâ) decays
Protonâproton collision data recorded in 2011 and 2012 by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fbâ1 , are analysed to search for the charmless B0âÏ0Ï0 decay. More than 600 B0â(Ï+Ïâ)(Ï+Ïâ) signal decays are selected and used to perform an amplitude analysis, under the assumption of no CP violation in the decay, from which the B0âÏ0Ï0 decay is observed for the first time with 7.1 standard deviations significance. The fraction of B0âÏ0Ï0 decays yielding a longitudinally polarised final state is measured to be fL=0.745â0.058+0.048(stat)±0.034(syst) . The B0âÏ0Ï0 branching fraction, using the B0âÏKâ(892)0 decay as reference, is also reported as B(B0âÏ0Ï0)=(0.94±0.17(stat)±0.09(syst)±0.06(BF))Ă10â6
Measurement of the (eta c)(1S) production cross-section in proton-proton collisions via the decay (eta c)(1S) -> p(p)over-bar
The production of the state in proton-proton collisions is probed via its decay to the final state with the LHCb detector, in the rapidity range GeV/c. The cross-section for prompt production of mesons relative to the prompt cross-section is measured, for the first time, to be at a centre-of-mass energy TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.7 fb, and at TeV using 2.0 fb. The uncertainties quoted are, in order, statistical, systematic, and that on the ratio of branching fractions of the and decays to the final state. In addition, the inclusive branching fraction of -hadron decays into mesons is measured, for the first time, to be , where the third uncertainty includes also the uncertainty on the inclusive branching fraction from -hadron decays. The difference between the and meson masses is determined to be MeV/c.The production of the state in proton-proton collisions is probed via its decay to the final state with the LHCb detector, in the rapidity range . The cross-section for prompt production of mesons relative to the prompt cross-section is measured, for the first time, to be at a centre-of-mass energy using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.7Â fb , and at using 2.0Â fb . The uncertainties quoted are, in order, statistical, systematic, and that on the ratio of branching fractions of the and decays to the final state. In addition, the inclusive branching fraction of -hadron decays into mesons is measured, for the first time, to be , where the third uncertainty includes also the uncertainty on the inclusive branching fraction from -hadron decays. The difference between the and meson masses is determined to be .The production of the state in proton-proton collisions is probed via its decay to the final state with the LHCb detector, in the rapidity range GeV/c. The cross-section for prompt production of mesons relative to the prompt cross-section is measured, for the first time, to be at a centre-of-mass energy TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.7 fb, and at TeV using 2.0 fb. The uncertainties quoted are, in order, statistical, systematic, and that on the ratio of branching fractions of the and decays to the final state. In addition, the inclusive branching fraction of -hadron decays into mesons is measured, for the first time, to be , where the third uncertainty includes also the uncertainty on the inclusive branching fraction from -hadron decays. The difference between the and meson masses is determined to be MeV/c
Angular analysis of the B-0 -> K*(0) e(+) e(-) decay in the low-q(2) region
An angular analysis of the decay is performed using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 {\mbox{fb}^{-1}}, collected by the LHCb experiment in collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV during 2011 and 2012. For the first time several observables are measured in the dielectron mass squared () interval between 0.002 and 1.120. The angular observables and which are related to the polarisation and to the lepton forward-backward asymmetry, are measured to be and , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The angular observables and which are sensitive to the photon polarisation in this range, are found to be and . The results are consistent with Standard Model predictions.An angular analysis of the B â K^{*}^{0} e e decay is performed using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb, collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV during 2011 and 2012. For the first time several observables are measured in the dielectron mass squared (q) interval between 0.002 and 1.120 GeV /c. The angular observables F and A which are related to the K^{*}^{0} polarisation and to the lepton forward-backward asymmetry, are measured to be F = 0.16 ± 0.06 ± 0.03 and A â=â0.10â±â0.18â±â0.05, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The angular observables A and A which are sensitive to the photon polarisation in this q range, are found to be A â=âââ0.23â±â0.23â±â0.05 and A â=â0.14â±â0.22â±â0.05. The results are consistent with Standard Model predictions.An angular analysis of the decay is performed using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 {\mbox{fb}^{-1}}, collected by the LHCb experiment in collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV during 2011 and 2012. For the first time several observables are measured in the dielectron mass squared () interval between 0.002 and 1.120. The angular observables and which are related to the polarisation and to the lepton forward-backward asymmetry, are measured to be and , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The angular observables and which are sensitive to the photon polarisation in this range, are found to be and . The results are consistent with Standard Model predictions
Search for the lepton flavour violating decay tau(-) -> mu(-)mu(+)mu(-)
A search for the lepton flavour violating decay is performed with the LHCb experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 2.0 fb at 8 TeV. No evidence is found for a signal, and a limit is set at 90% confidence level on the branching fraction, .A search for the lepton flavour violating decay Ï â ÎŒ ÎŒ ÎŒ is performed with the LHCb experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 2.0 fb at 8 TeV. No evidence is found for a signal, and a limit is set at 90% confidence level on the branching fraction, .A search for the lepton flavour violating decay is performed with the LHCb experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of and at . No evidence is found for a signal, and a limit is set at confidence level on the branching fraction,
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