De organización vecinal hacia la gestión local del riesgo: diagnóstico de vulnerabilidad y capacidad

The present study had as main objective to know the meanings assigned to capacities and vulnerabilities before the earthquake risk of two neighbors emergency brigades belonging to the town of Arica, Chile. A case study design was used, using two intentional strategic levels of sample selection: communal scale and participants. The data are produced by the intra-method triangulation of six techniques, using as an analytical coding strategy a grounded theory model, that was based on three areas a) physical / material, b) social / organizational and c) motivational / attitudinal. The results show the organizational and motivational capacities to account physical-material vulnerabilities to the stages of preparation, emergency and response. It is concluded the importance of strengthening the development of local community capacities for risk management and community resilience, which must be accompanied by structural and institutional development.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer los significados asignados a las capacidades y vulnerabilidades ante el riesgo de terremoto de dos brigadas vecinales de emergencia pertenecientes a la comuna de Arica, Chile. Se utilizó un diseño de estudio de caso de dos niveles estratégicos intencionados de selección muestral: Escala comunal y participantes. Los datos son producidos mediante la triangulación intramétodo de seis técnicas, utilizando como estrategia analítica de codificación el modelo de la teoría fundamentada en base a tres áreas a) física/material, b) social/organizacional y c) motivacional/actitudinal. Los resultados relevan las capacidades organizacionales y motivacionales para dar cuenta de las vulnerabilidades físicas-materiales ante las etapas de preparación, emergencia y respuesta. Se concluye la importancia de fortalecer el desarrollo de capacidades comunitarias locales en pos de la gestión del riesgo y la resiliencia comunitaria, lo cual debe ser acompañado de desarrollo estructural e institucional

Posicionamiento estratégico con propósito social de la oficina de orientación al personal del Grupo Bolívar

En este proyecto se considera de relevancia buscar opciones para promocionar a la OOP utilizando las herramientas del mercadeo social y así posicionarla como un ente de Responsabilidad Social Interna que aporta de manera estratégica al logro de los objetivos corporativos, garantizando el bienestar y la fidelización de sus funcionarios. En primer lugar, se busca lograr un mayor respaldo de la alta dirección quien finalmente se encarga de garantizar la sustentabilidad económica de los programas y es una gran aliada a la hora de motivar a todo el personal. En segundo lugar, se observa la necesidad de optimizar las vías de comunicación existentes para llegar directamente y con un formato de alto impacto a los beneficiarios de cada programa de manera que se logre capturar mayor cantidad de participantes generando un impacto más alto en las familias

De organización vecinal hacia la gestión local del riesgo: diagnóstico de vulnerabilidad y capacidad

The present study had as main objective to know the meanings assigned to capacities and vulnerabilities before the earthquake risk of two neighbors emergency brigades belonging to the town of Arica, Chile. A case study design was used, using two intentional strategic levels of sample selection: communal scale and participants. The data are produced by the intra-method triangulation of six techniques, using as an analytical coding strategy a grounded theory model, that was based on three areas a) physical / material, b) social / organizational and c) motivational / attitudinal. The results show the organizational and motivational capacities to account physical-material vulnerabilities to the stages of preparation, emergency and response. It is concluded the importance of strengthening the development of local community capacities for risk management and community resilience, which must be accompanied by structural and institutional development.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer los significados asignados a las capacidades y vulnerabilidades ante el riesgo de terremoto de dos brigadas vecinales de emergencia pertenecientes a la comuna de Arica, Chile. Se utilizó un diseño de estudio de caso de dos niveles estratégicos intencionados de selección muestral: Escala comunal y participantes. Los datos son producidos mediante la triangulación intramétodo de seis técnicas, utilizando como estrategia analítica de codificación el modelo de la teoría fundamentada en base a tres áreas a) física/material, b) social/organizacional y c) motivacional/actitudinal. Los resultados relevan las capacidades organizacionales y motivacionales para dar cuenta de las vulnerabilidades físicas-materiales ante las etapas de preparación, emergencia y respuesta. Se concluye la importancia de fortalecer el desarrollo de capacidades comunitarias locales en pos de la gestión del riesgo y la resiliencia comunitaria, lo cual debe ser acompañado de desarrollo estructural e institucional

Teorías subjetivas del comportamiento prosocial: Significados, desarrollo y motivaciones de jóvenes voluntarios ante un desastre socionatural

Objective: the present work aims to learn about the subjective theories of the prosocial behavior of young volunteers during the response and recovery stages of a socionatural disaster. Method: a qualitative case design was used by selecting, through intentional sampling, 11 university students who volunteered in the face of the hydrometeorological disaster occurred in Atacama, Chile. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and a discussion group, using the coding process in grounded theory as an analysis strategy. Results: we found that (i) volunteers understand prosocial behavior as a process of limited-temporality humanitarian aid which depends on empathy towards those affected; the perception of institutional (in)capacity; a subjective risk assessment; self-perceived abilities; and a sense of social responsibility in the face of a disaster; (ii) its development is linked to an early value training, which is maintained by the constant participation in this type of activities over time and the emotional support of significant third parties; and (iii) the types of motivation to show this helping behavior are extrinsic-social and intrinsic-personal. Conclusions: the importance of the training-educational process for strengthening prosocial behavior is supported, as well as the importance of formalizing the volunteer recruitment process in the face of these events.Objetivo: o presente trabalho busca conhecer as teorias subjetivas do comportamento pró-social de jovens voluntários durante as etapas resposta e reabilitação de um desastre socionatural. Método: Foi utilizado um projeto qualitativo de caso, selecionando, via amostragem intencionalmente, 11 estudantes universitários voluntários antes da Desastre hidrometeorológico em Atacama, Chile. Os dados são produzido através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e um grupo de discussão, utilizando como estratégia de análise o processo de codificação da teoria fundamentada. Resultados: encontramos que (i) voluntários significam comportamento pró-social como processo de ajuda humanitária, com temporalidade limitada, que depende da empatia com os afetados, percepção de (in) capacidade institucional, avaliação subjetiva de riscos, habilidades de autopercepção e senso de responsabilidade social antes o desastre; (ii) Seu desenvolvimento está vinculado a um treinamento de valor precocemente, que é mantido pela participação constante em o tempo neste tipo de atividades e o apoio emocional de terceiros significativos; e (iii) as motivações para a implantação desses comportamentos de ajuda, eles são do tipo extrínseco-social e intrínseco-pessoal. Conclusões: a importância é sustentada do processo educacional-educacional para o fortalecimento da comportamento pró-social, bem como a importância de formalizar o processo voluntário antes desses eventosObjetivo: el presente trabajo busca conocer las teorías subjetivas de la conducta prosocial de jóvenes voluntarios durante las etapas de respuesta y rehabilitación de un desastre socionatural. Método: se utilizó un diseño de caso cualitativo seleccionando, vía muestreo intencionado, 11 estudiantes universitarios voluntarios ante el desastre hidrometeorológico en Atacama, Chile. Los datos son producidos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y un grupo de discusión, utilizando como estrategia de análisis el proceso de codificación de la teoría fundamentada. Resultados: encontramos que (i) los voluntarios significan la conducta prosocial como un proceso de ayuda humanitaria, de temporalidad acotada, la cual depende de la empatía hacia los afectados, percepción de (in)capacidad institucional, evaluación subjetiva del riesgo, capacidades autopercibidas y sentido de responsabilidad social ante el desastre; (ii) Su desarrollo se vincula a una formación valórica temprana, la cual es mantenida por la participación constante en el tiempo en este tipo de actividades y el soporte emocional de terceros significativos; y (iii) Las motivaciones para el despliegue de estas conductas de ayuda, son del tipo extrínseco-social e intrínsecos-personales. Conclusiones: se sostiene la importancia del proceso formativo-educativo para el fortalecimiento del comportamiento prosocial, así como también, la importancia de formalizar el proceso de voluntariado ante estos evento

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care