Observation Model for Retinal Image Normalization

Retinal images are often acquired to diagnose diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and glaucoma. In acquisition process images are non-uniformly illuminated and exhibit local luminosity and contrast drift. This may affect diagnostic process and results in deriving diagnostic parameters. We proposed method that estimates background of retinal images by sub sampling and interpolation. This method based on estimation of luminosity and contrast variability in the background part of image and the subsequent compensation of this variability in whole image. Experimental results show that this method can effectively achieve non uniform illumination and contrast normalization

Understanding the Role of Online Support to Tourist Spots in India

The online travel agencies or popularly known as OTAs have become one of the most reliable options for the travellers to make their arrangements. The number of players both across the world and in India have seen a rise and the same has quite successfully helped in planning trips for many tourists. The study here is curious to understand the role of these OTAs in the process of resuming the tourist destination especially in India. The situation in India with respect to the use of OTAs is quite different as the country is an emerging one and there are issues of digital divide still persistent in the economy The study here collected 238 primary responses from tourist across the country to identify their perception about the online travel agencies and recognise the factors that cause an impact in the adoption process. The study has used a number of advanced statistical methods such as principal component analyses and multiple linear regression to establish the factors as well as the relationship with the adoption process. The regression model being formulated is able to estimate of variance of 14% on the intention of using online modes to put the two responses in India by highlighting the two main factors causing an impact on it. The perceived ease of use and the information transparency are the main reasons why a tourist based in India prefers to book their destination requirements using online travel agencies

Detection of Retinal Disease Using Image Processing

India is one of the countries which is emerging in the field of telemedicine in recent years. We are still far away from our desired goal. To add to that the patients with eye diseases are also increasing rapidly. To provide them with a better treatment at a lower price is the main goal. The people in urban areas still manage an eye checkup but for the people in rural areas it becomes difficult. Mobile phones are reaching to every nook and corner of the country with the help of that telemedicine becomes possible. We want to come up with a solution in which this becomes possible. It is applied on image processing and machine learning. Image processing is having significance for disease detection on medical images. With help of image processing and machine learning techniques it is possible to automate and/or assist physicians in clinical diagnosis. This project synopsis describes the application of various image processing and machine learning techniques for detection of eye diseases. Data is the future of technology. With the technological revolution the amount of data is increasing rapidly in any field. Thus using this data to distinguish between two images becomes our primary goal. The preprocessing technique leads to enhance the boundaries and feature extraction process and along with conversion of image type and then by combining the image processing part with the machine learning part we are able to design the algorithm. For this we are using concept of Template Matching template is nothing but a sub image which is small. The goal is to find similarities in template and input image. Due to this idea process will be done easily at faster rat

Detection of Retinal Disease Using Image Processing

India is one of the countries which is emerging in the field of telemedicine in recent years. We are still far away from our desired goal. To add to that the patients with eye diseases are also increasing rapidly. To provide them with a better treatment at a lower price is the main goal. The people in urban areas still manage an eye checkup but for the people in rural areas it becomes difficult. Mobile phones are reaching to every nook and corner of the country with the help of that telemedicine becomes possible. We want to come up with a solution in which this becomes possible. It is applied on image processing and machine learning. Image processing is having significance for disease detection on medical images. With help of image processing and machine learning techniques it is possible to automate and/or assist physicians in clinical diagnosis. This project synopsis describes the application of various image processing and machine learning techniques for detection of eye diseases. Data is the future of technology. With the technological revolution the amount of data is increasing rapidly in any field. Thus using this data to distinguish between two images becomes our primary goal. The preprocessing technique leads to enhance the boundaries and feature extraction process and along with conversion of image type and then by combining the image processing part with the machine learning part we are able to design the algorithm. For this we are using concept of Template Matching template is nothing but a sub image which is small. The goal is to find similarities in template and input image. Due to this idea process will be done easily at faster rat

A patient with mexiletine-related psychosis

Mexiletine is a commonly used Class IB (Vaughan William classification) antiarrhythmic drug. We report a case of mexiletine-induced psychosis that was successfully managed by decreasing the dose and using alternative medications for management of ventricular tachycardia

Treatment interventions for hand fractures and joint injuries: a scoping review of randomized controlled trials

The aim of this study was to identify and assess all existing randomized studies on treatment interventions for hand fractures and joint injuries, to inform practice and plan future research. PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Embase were searched. We identified 78 randomized controlled trials published over 35 years, covering seven anatomical areas of the hand. We report on sources of bias, sample size, follow-up length and retention, outcome measures and reporting. In terms of interventions studied, the trials were extremely heterogeneous, so it is difficult to draw conclusions on individual treatments. The published randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) evidence for hand fractures and joint injuries is narrow in scope and of generally low methodological quality. Mapping provides a useful resource and stepping stone for planning further research. There is a need for high-quality, collaborative research to guide management of a much wider breadth of common hand injuries

Imaging features of rare mesenychmal liver tumours: beyond haemangiomas.

Tumours arising from mesenchymal tissue components such as vascular, fibrous and adipose tissue can manifest in the liver. Although histopathology is often necessary for definitive diagnosis, many of these lesions exhibit characteristic imaging features. The radiologist plays an important role in suggesting the diagnosis, which can direct appropriate immunohistochemical staining at histology. The aim of this review is to present clinical and imaging findings of a spectrum of mesenchymal liver tumours such as haemangioma, epithelioid haemangioendothelioma, lipoma, PEComa, angiosarcoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, solitary fibrous tumour, leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, mesenchymal hamartoma, undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and hepatic metastases. Knowledge of the characteristic features of these tumours will aid in guiding the radiologic diagnosis and appropriate patient management

Developing a core outcome set for hand fractures and joint injuries in adults

Background Hand fractures and joint injuries are common, with significant impact for patients themselves but also on a wider societal and economic level through healthcare costs and productivity loss. Despite the clear significance of these injuries, there is not a consensus on optimal treatment. The variety of treatment options together with a lack of consistency in outcome reporting and research method standards makes interpretation of the available evidence challenging. One solution is a core outcome set, which aims to set the minimum outcome measurements in any clinical study. This would improve consistency and comparability between studies, facilitating meta-analysis. Aim The overarching aim was to work towards development of a core outcome set for hand fractures and joint injuries in adults which will guide outcome assessment in future studies. The primary purpose of this project was to establish ‘what’ should be measured when considering the outcome of hand fracture and joint injury management. Methods This was a mixed methods study to develop a core outcome set for clinical trials of hand fractures and joint injuries, with initial scoping work to clarify the set of injuries intended to be covered by the core outcome set, analysis of data from a UK Major Trauma Centre to determine a sense of the scale of the incidence of hand fractures, and then phases of outcome domain generation and consensus prioritisation to reach the final core outcome set. The specific steps were: • Defining the scope of injuries to be addressed by the core outcome set through one-to- one discussions with expert stakeholder consultation with hand surgeons and therapists • Collecting data from reports of all hand and wrist radiographs from Queen’s Medical Centre (Nottingham) over a one-year period to assess the incidence and anatomical distribution of fractures. • A systematic review of randomised/quasi-randomised controlled studies and large (≥100 participant) prospective observational studies on treatment of hand fractures and joint injuries to identify outcomes selected in recently published studies. An assessment of outcome reporting bias was also conducted • Extensive exploratory qualitative research with the patient stakeholder group, to identify their perspective on the injury, treatment and outcomes important to them and to generate outcome domains as well as descriptors using an inductive, thematic approach • Initial consensus prioritisation of a longlist of outcome domains developed through synthesis of the systematic review and qualitative work through an international three-round Delphi survey • A final consensus meeting using an adapted nominal group technique format, involving all key stakeholders, to reach consensus on a final core outcome set. Main findings In the systematic review of 160 studies vast heterogeneity in outcome selection was found. There were 639 unique outcomes, which were rationalised to 74 outcome domains based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework. Outcome reporting bias was evident, with only a minority of outcomes appropriately reported across these studies. To explore which outcomes were relevant to patients with hand fractures and joint injuries, a qualitative study was conducted involving interviews (25 patients) and focus groups (five groups involving a total of 21 patients). A total of 35 outcome domains grouped within six broad themes were generated, along with descriptors for the domains. The two streams of outcome domains were synthesised to form a longlist of 37 domains that entered a consensus process beginning with an online international Delphi survey. From the original 152 participants who began the survey, 144 (>94%) completed all three rounds (54 patients, 55 hand surgeons, 35 hand therapists). Based on pre-defined consensus criteria, 20domains reached consensus as ‘very important’ and the remainder reached no consensus. All outcome domains were discussed at a final consensus meeting with 27 participants (12 patients, seven surgeons, six hand therapists, a health economist and a trial manager). The domains reaching no consensus were discussed and voted upon, with none reaching threshold to salvage and consider for the core outcome set. The 20 ‘consensus in’ domains were discussed and underwent iterative prioritisation steps. A final vote selected seven outcome domains for inclusion in the core outcome set: fine hand use, pain / discomfort at rest, pain / discomfort with activity, self-hygiene / personal care, return to usual work / job, range of movement, and patient satisfaction with outcome / result. Conclusion This study has shown the magnitude of the inconsistency in outcome selection for clinical research on hand fractures and joint injuries in adults. A core outcome set to help address this issue was developed based on exploration of the existing literature and the patient perspective. Through a subsequent systematic consensus process, the longlist of outcome domains was refined to a final set of seven core outcome domains. These touch upon several bases including functional tasks (covering basic aspects and a working life role), patient comfort, abstract function (range of motion) and patient satisfaction. They are recommended as the baseline domains to be measured in future clinical research on these injuries, with the optimum way to measure the domains being the subject of future work

Skull Evolution Method and Analysis in The Rhinocerotidae: Phylogeny of Early Rhinocerotoids

After phylogeny is measurably disposed of, cranial elements utilized essentially for rumination ought to change most with hypsodonty (high-delegated cheek teeth). These structures should be least phylogenetically restricted. Corollary: structures with significant common ancestry will integrate more morphologically. All living rhinoceroses and many extinct European Plio-Pleistocene species We examined skull, mandible, and upper tooth row form in the dorsal, lateral, and occlusal perspectives using two-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Hypsodonty index was employed to represent eating behaviours. We divided form variation into function, phylogeny, and size using phylogenetically independent comparisons and variation partitioning. We used Escoufier's RV coefficient to evaluate morphological reconciliation. The mandible and upper tooth column covariate most with hypsodonty and least with phylogeny. Skull morphology corresponds least with hypsodonty and most with phylogeny. Low morphological joining between the top tooth line and different parts recommends it is the least phylogenetically restricted. As predicted, the chewing area is confined by function rather than phylogeny, unlike others