1,160 research outputs found
Sulphur-bearing molecules in AGB stars I: The occurrence of hydrogen sulfide
Through a survey of (sub-)millimetre emission lines of various
sulphur-bearing molecules, we aim to determine which molecules are the primary
carriers of sulphur in different types of AGB stars. In this paper, the first
in a series, we investigate the occurrence of HS in AGB circumstellar
envelopes and determine its abundance, where possible. We have surveyed 20 AGB
stars with a range of mass-loss rates and of different chemical types using the
APEX telescope to search for rotational transition lines of five key
sulphur-bearing molecules: CS, SiS, SO, SO and HS. Here we present our
results for HS, including detections, non-detections and detailed radiative
transfer modelling of the detected lines. We compare results based on different
descriptions of the molecular excitation of HS and different abundance
distributions, including those derived from chemical modelling results. We
detected HS towards five AGB stars, all of which have high mass-loss rates
of yr and are oxygen-rich. HS
was not detected towards the carbon or S-type stars that fall in a similar
mass-loss range. For the stars in our sample with detections, we find peak
o-HS abundances relative to H between and . Overall, we conclude that HS can play a significant role in
oxygen-rich AGB stars with higher mass-loss rates, but is unlikely to play a
key role in stars of other chemical types or the lower mass-loss rate
oxygen-rich stars. For two sources, V1300 Aql and GX Mon, HS is most likely
the dominant sulphur-bearing molecule in the circumstellar envelope.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, accepted in A&
Mapping monthly rainfall data in Galicia (NW Spain) using inverse distances and geostatistical methods
In this paper, results from three different interpolation techniques based on Geostatistics (ordinary kriging, kriging with external drift and conditional simulation) and one deterministic method (inverse distances) for mapping total monthly rainfall are compared. The study data set comprised total monthly rainfall from 1998 till 2001 corresponding to a maximum of 121 meteorological stations irregularly distributed in the region of Galicia (NW Spain). Furthermore, a raster Geographic Information System (GIS) was used for spatial interpolation with a 500×500 m grid digital elevation model. Inverse distance technique was appropriate for a rapid estimation of the rainfall at the studied scale. In order to apply geostatistical interpolation techniques, a spatial dependence analysis was performed; rainfall spatial dependence was observed in 33 out of 48 months analysed, the rest of the rainfall data sets presented a random behaviour. Different values of the semivariogram parameters caused the smoothing in the maps obtained by ordinary kriging. Kriging with external drift results were according to former studies which showed the influence of topography. Conditional simulation is considered to give more realistic results; however, this consideration must be confirmed with new data
Colour-Dielectric Gauge Theory on a Transverse Lattice
We investigate in some detail consequences of the effective colour-dielectric
formulation of lattice gauge theory using the light-cone Hamiltonian formalism
with a transverse lattice. As a quantitative test of this approach, we have
performed extensive analytic and numerical calculations for 2+1-dimensional
pure gauge theory in the large N limit. Because of Eguchi-Kawai reduction, one
effectively studies a 1+1-dimensional gauge theory coupled to matter in the
adjoint representation. We study the structure of coupling constant space for
our effective potential by comparing with the physical results available from
conventional Euclidean lattice Monte Carlo simulations of this system. In
particular, we calculate and measure the scaling behaviour of the entire
low-lying glueball spectrum, glueball wavefunctions, string tension, asymptotic
density of states, and deconfining temperature. We employ a new hybrid
DLCQ/wavefunction basis in our calculations of the light-cone Hamiltonian
matrix elements, along with extrapolation in Tamm-Dancoff truncation,
significantly reducing numerical errors. Finally we discuss, in light of our
results, what further measurements and calculations could be made in order to
systematically remove lattice spacing dependence from our effective potential a
priori.Comment: 48 pages, Latex, uses macro boxedeps.tex, minor errors corrected in
revised versio
Tube Model for Light-Front QCD
We propose the tube model as a first step in solving the bound state problem
in light-front QCD. In this approach we neglect transverse variations of the
fields, producing a model with 1+1 dimensional dynamics. We then solve the two,
three, and four particle sectors of the model for the case of pure glue SU(3).
We study convergence to the continuum limit and various properties of the
spectrum.Comment: 29 page
Variational Calculation of the Effective Action
An indication of spontaneous symmetry breaking is found in the
two-dimensional model, where attention is paid to the
functional form of an effective action. An effective energy, which is an
effective action for a static field, is obtained as a functional of the
classical field from the ground state of the hamiltonian interacting
with a constant external field. The energy and wavefunction of the ground state
are calculated in terms of DLCQ (Discretized Light-Cone Quantization) under
antiperiodic boundary conditions. A field configuration that is physically
meaningful is found as a solution of the quantum mechanical Euler-Lagrange
equation in the limit. It is shown that there exists a nonzero field
configuration in the broken phase of symmetry because of a boundary
effect.Comment: 26 pages, REVTeX, 7 postscript figures, typos corrected and two
references adde
Signatures of internal rotation discovered in the Kepler data of five slowly pulsating B stars
Context. Massive stars are important building blocks of the Universe, and their stellar structure and evolution models are fundamental cornerstones of various fields in modern astrophysics. The precision of these models is strongly limited by our lack of understanding of various internal mixing processes that significantly influence the lifetime of these objects, such as core overshoot, chemical mixing, or the internal differential rotation.
Aims. Our goal is to calibrate models by extending the sample of available seismic studies of slowly pulsating B (SPB) stars, providing input for theoretical modelling efforts that will deliver precise constraints on the parameters describing the internal mixing processes in these objects.
Methods. We used spectral synthesis and disentangling techniques to derive fundamental parameters and to determine precise orbital parameters from high-resolution spectra. We employed custom masks to construct light curves from the virtually uninterrupted four year long Kepler pixel data and used standard time-series analysis tools to construct a set of significant frequencies for each target. These sets were first filtered from combination frequencies, and then screened for period spacing patterns.
Results. We detect gravity mode period series of modes, of the same degree ℓ with consecutive radial order n, in four new and one revisited SPB star. These series (covering typically 10 to 40 radial orders) are clearly influenced by moderate to fast rotation and carry signatures of chemical mixing processes. Furthermore, they are predominantly prograde dipole series. Our spectroscopic analysis, in addition to placing each object inside the SPB instability strip and identifying KIC 4930889 as an SB2 binary, reveals that KIC 11971405 is a fast rotator that shows very weak Be signatures. Together with the observed photometric outbursts this illustrates that this Be star is a fast rotating SPB star. We hypothesise that the outbursts might be connected to its very densely compressed oscillation spectrum
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