In vivo antioksidativni potencijal biljke Teucrium polium u usporedbi s α-tokoferolom

The present study was undertaken to explore antioxidant potential of Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae) in vivo. Antioxidant activity was measured by three tests including inhibition of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, total antioxidant power (TAP), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in serum. Rats received dry extract of T. polium in 80% ethanol by intragastric intubation at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 daily for 14 days. Treatment of rats with T. polium extract showed significant antioxidant activity in the DPPH test as compared to the control. T. polium extract at doses of 50 and 100 mg kg-1 significantly increased rats\u27 TAP and decreased TBARS compared to the control. Administration of T. polium at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 per day did not significantly alter serum TAP and TBARS. Antioxidant activities of T. polium at doses of 50 and 100 mg kg-1 were comparable to that of -tocopherol (10 mg kg-1) in all experiments.U okviru ovih istraživanja ispitan je antioksidativni potencijal biljke Teucrium polium L. Lamiaceae in vivo. Antioksidativni učinak je mjeren pomoću tri testa koji uključuju inhibiciju 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) radikala, ukupnu antioksidativnu snagu (TAP) i reaktivne supstancije tiobarbiturne kiseline (TBARS) u serumu. Štakorima je davan suhi ekstrakt T. polium u 80%-tnom etanolu intragastričnom intubacijom u dozama od 50, 100 i 200 mg kg-1 dnevno tijekom 14 dana. Pokusi su pokazali značajno antioksidativno djelovanje T. polium DPPH testom u usporedbi s kontrolom. T. polium je u dozama 50 i 100 mg kg-1 značajno povisio TAP i snizio TBARS u usporedbi s kontrolom. Primjena ekstrakta T. polium u dozi od 200 mg kg-1 dnevno nije značajno mijenjala serumske TAP i TBARS vrijednosti. Antioksidativni učinak T. polium u dozama 50 i 100 mg kg-1 u svim eksperimentima bio je sličan učincima α-tokoferola (10 mg kg-1). Preliminarna ispitivanja ukazuje na antistresni učinak T. polium koji je usporediv antioksidativnom učinku. Međutim, potrebna su daljnja ispitivanja da se rasvijetli bi li T. polium mogla biti korisna u uklanjanju posljedica oksidativnog stresa

Usporedba djelovanja blokatora kalcijevih kanala, blokatora autonomnoga živčanog sustava te inhibitora slobodnih radikala na hiposekreciju inzulin iz izolirnih langerhansovih otočića štakora uzrokovanu diazinonom

Hyperglycaemia has been observed with exposure to organophosphate insecticides. This study was designed to compare the effects of calcium channel blockers, alpha-adrenergic, beta-adrenergic, and muscarinic receptor blockers, and of free radical scavengers on insulin secretion from diazinon-treated islets of Langerhans isolated from the pancreas of rats using standard collagenase digestion, separation by centrifugation, and hand-picking technique. The islets were then cultured in an incubator at 37 °C and 5 % CO2. In each experimental set 1 mL of 8 mmol L-1 glucose plus 125 µg mL-1 or 625 µg mL-1 of diazinon were added, except for the control group, which received 8 mmol L-1 glucose alone. The cultures were then treated with one of the following: 30 µmol L-1 atropine, 100 µmol L-1 ACh + 10 µmol L-1 neostigmine, 0.1 µmol L-1 propranolol, 2 µmol L-1 nifedipine, 50 µmol L-1 phenoxybenzamine, or 10 µmol L-1 alphatocopherol. In all experiments, diazinon significantly reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion at both doses, showing no dose dependency, as the average inhibition for the lower dose was 62.20 % and for the higher dose 64.38 %. Acetylcholine and alpha-tocopherol restored, whereas atropine potentiated diazinoninduced hyposecretion of insulin. Alpha-, beta- and calcium channel blockers did not change diazinoninduced effects. These findings suggest that diazinon affects insulin secretion mainly by disturbing the balance between free radicals and antioxidants in the islets of Langerhans and by inducing toxic stress.U osoba izloženih organofosfatnim insekticidima zamijećen je nastanak hiperglikemije. Svrha je ovo istraživanja bila usporediti djelovanje blokatora kalcijevih kanala, alfa i beta-adrenergičkih i muskarinskih receptora te inhibicije slobodnih radikala na lučenje inzulina iz Langerhansovih otočića izoliranih iz štakora tretiranih diazinonom. Otočići su izolirani iz gušterače štakora s pomoću standardnog postupka digestije kolagenazom, odvajanja centrifugiranjem i metodom ručnog probira (engl. hand-picking) te su kultivirani u inkubatoru pri 37 °C i 5 % CO2. Pokusne su kulture inkubirane s 1 mL glukoze u koncentraciji od 8 mmol L-1 te diazinonom u dozi od 125 μg mL-1, odnosno 625 μg mL-1. U kontrolu je dodana samo glukoza u koncentraciji od 8 mmol L-1. Nakon toga je u kulture dodan jedan od sljedećih agenasa: 30 µmol L-1 atropin, 100 µmol L-1 ACh + 10 µmol L-1 neostigmin, 0,1 µmol L-1 propranolol, 2 µmol L-1 nifedipin, 50 µmol L-1 fenoksibenzamin, odnosno 10 µmol L-1 alfa-tokoferol. U svim je pokusima diazinon značajno smanjio lučenje inzulina, s time da je doza od 125 μg mL-1 dovela do 62,2 %-tne inhibicije, a doza od 625 μg mL-1 do 64,38 %-tne inhibicije lučenja inzulina, što upućuje na djelovanje neovisno o dozi. Acetilkolin i alfa-tokoferol su ponovno potaknuli lučenje inzulina, za razliku od atropina koji ga je dodatno smanjio. Primjena blokatora alfa i beta-adrenergičkih receptora te blokatora kalcijevih kanala nije utjecala na djelovanje diazinona. Autori zaključuju da diazinon utječe na lučenje inzulina ponajviše narušavanjem ravnoteže između slobodnih radikala i antioksidansa u Langerhansovim otočićima te dovodi do toksičnoga stresa

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Measuring the roughness of knitted fabrics by analysis of surface signals obtained from image processing

101-105The present study focuses on the evaluation of weft knitted fabric roughness using image processing. Various knitted fabric samples have been produced using flat and circular knitting machines. The SMD value of fabrics which refers to surface roughness has been measured by Kawabata surface tester. Images of samples have been taken by a high resolution scanner, converted to grayscale image and then been processed by Matlab; a signal is obtained from each sample. Six different features have been extracted from the signals. The results of correlation test reveal that there is a good correlation between the wave lengths of obtained signal extracted from fabric images and the measured roughness by KES surface tester. </span

Investigation of Pesticides Effect on Groundwater Quality of Shemiranat Villages

Targets: Pollution of water resources by pesticides is one of the environmental problems because application of such these pesticides is increased by development of agriculture and variety of plant pests. As there are too many agricultural lands, farms and orchards in Shemiranat which are sprayed by poisons periodically and because drinking water of people is provided by groundwaters, there is the probability of leaking of poisons to water wells. So pesticides can be a serious threat for drinking water resources of the region. Study Methods: This research is a descriptive study based on sectional analysis method. In this research 12 samples of water are collected from 3 drinking groundwater preparation stations in Shemiranat during 4 seasons of 2009-2010. The samples are analyzed by GC/MS mechanism and by chromatography gas method to measure the rest of organophosphate pesticides and by GC/ECD mechanism and by chromatography gas method to measure the rest of chloro-organic pesticides. Results: According to analysis of phosphate pesticides in three water wells of Hanzak, Anbaj and Kand-Sofla, no phosphorus organic pesticide was seen in samples of water for all seasons, but according to analysis of chloro-organic pesticides in these three water wells, some amounts of pesticides were found in condensed water of all three wells especially in the samples of June. It should be mentioned that the amount of pesticides in samples of water are less than authorizes level according to 1053 National Standard principle. The pesticide in condensed samples of water indicates leakage of poisons into the drinking water resources of the region and is an alert of more pollution in future

The Effect of Low-Dose Remifentanil on the Hemodynamic Responses of Endotracheal Extubation

Emergence from general anesthesia can be associated with coughing, agitation, and hemodynamic disturbances. Remifentanil may attenuate these responses. We have examined the effect of remifentanil on the hemodynamic response to the emergence from anesthesia and tracheal extubation. In a double-blind, randomized trial, we enrolled 50 adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery. All patients received a standard general anesthetic comprising propofol, atracurium and 1% isoflurane with 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. At the end of surgery, a bolus dose of remifentanil 0.2 microgram/kg (n = 25) or saline placebo (n = 25) was given and tracheal extubation was performed when standard criteria were achieved. Arterial pressure and heart rate were measured non-invasively, immediately after tracheal extubation and then at 1-min intervals. Remifentanil attenuated the increase in both systolic and diastolic arterial pressure and heart rate after extubation compared to the control group. No differences in SpO2, cough and laryngospasm were observed between two groups. Use of a low-dose remifentanil has clinically acceptable effect in blunting the cardiovascular changes induced by tracheal extubation