An Experimental Study on Flexural Strengthening of Structural Steel Angle Sections Using Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Composites

Globally, there is need for strengthening of steel structures due to increased load carrying requirements, changes in earthquake / wind codes and rehabilitation due to corrosion degradation. Advanced composites have become one of the most popular techniques of repairing and/or strengthening civil infrastructure in the past couple of decades. The use of FRP material for the repair and rehabilitation of steel members has numerous benefits over the traditional methods of bolting or welding of steel plates. Carbon FRPs (CFRPs) have been preferred over other FRP material for strengthening of steel structures due to CFRPs possess higher stiffness. The emergence of high modulus CFRP, with an elastic modulus higher than that of steel, enables researchers to achieve substantial load transfer in steel beams before the steel yields. In the present work, experimental investigation is carried out to analyze the behavior of steel angle sections wrapped with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) to increase flexural strength and stiffness of parent structural member steel angle section due to CFRP wrapping. A total of 4 tensile coupon tests are conducted to determine the engineering properties of structural steel used. A novel flexural strengthening technique using bonded CFRP wrapping to enhance the strength and stiffness of existing steel angle sections has been developed. This is carried out by varying the CFRP wrap configurations and keeping adhesive properties constant. The experimental program consists of two sets each with 15 specimens to test a total of 30 specimens. Each set has five subsets as four different strengthening configurations and a set representing reference control specimens. The parameters studied include the slenderness ratio (b/t) of steel angles, the thickness and orientation of the CFRP wrap, comparative study on behavior of strengthened specimens, investigation on stiffness enhancement and strain variation across the section in relation with load. This research investigated experimentally the behavior transformation of open sections into closed section, stiffening enhancement in elastic region and strength enhancement in both elastic and post yield regions of high strength CFRP vi strengthened structural steel angles tested under four point bending system in comparison with bare steel angles. Proposed external wrapping (bonded) CFRP reinforcement has been clearly established as a promising alternative to existing strengthening technique for steel structures. This proves that CFRP strengthening can be employed with proposed strengthening configuration to achieve desired degree of effectiveness and efficiency. The new strengthening approach has resulted in novel wrapping technology which has been first time applied to structural steel angle section (open section). KEYWORDS: Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP), Adhesive, Structural steel angle section, Wrapping, Strengthening

A new species of the enigmatic genus \u3cem\u3eChiromachetes\u3c/em\u3e Pocock, 1899 (Scorpiones: Hormuridae) from Western Ghats, India, with a key to the genus

A new species of hormurid scorpion is described from the Western Ghats of India. Chiromachetes sahyadriensis sp. nov. differs from other members of this genus in the following set of characters: medium sized scorpions, total length reaching 62.9 mm, carapace flat, three pairs of lateral eyes, manus length/width ratio in males 4.6–4.8 and 3.4 in females, tarsi of leg ventrally with three spinoid setae at the base of tarsi. Dentate margin of pedipalp manus finger with two rows of granules fused at base. Pectines 8–9 in males, 6–8 in females. Lamellar hook positioned distinctly in basal half of hemispermatophore in proximity to the lamellae

A new species of the genus \u3cem\u3eThaicharmus\u3c/em\u3e Kovařík, 1995 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from northeast India

A new species Thaicharmus guptai sp. nov. is described from the northeast Indian state of Tripura. The new species differs from the known members of the genus in the following set of morphological characters: large size (total length 45.6 mm); trichobothrium d2 is distal to i1 on femur; trichobothria est, em and et on the external surface of the patella do not form a straight line. Subaculear tubercle is absent. The movable finger of pedipalp chela has 12 cutting rows of denticles. The movable finger is much longer than the pedipalp patella. Number of pectinal teeth 20/19; pectines with distinct lamellae and fulcra. Two horn-like projections are present on the ventrolateral aspect of the metasomal segment V

The distance of the centre of femoral head relative to the midline of the pelvis: a prospective X-ray study of 500 adults

Background: The mechanical axis of the femur is defined as the line joining the centre of the femoral head to the centre of the knee joint. One of the pre-requisites for a successful total knee replacement (TKR) is correct positioning of the implants, so that the mechanical axis of the limb is restored to neutral. During TKR surgery, the distal femoral anatomy can be visualized. However, to identify the mechanical axis of the femur, the location of the femoral head must be known.Methods: We prospectively measured distance of centre of femoral head relative to the midline of the pelvis in 500 adults, using x ray of pelvic with both hip anteroposterior view done for medical causes during 2-May-2015 to 1-Jan-2017 with satisfied the following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient gender and age were known. Both hips were clearly shown on the radiograph and not affected by any developmental or acquired condition that might deform normal anatomy. Radiographs demonstrating unacceptable pelvic tilt or rotation were excluded. Also, we excluded any cases where degenerative changes in the native hip were more severe than grade 1, based on the Tönnis classification.Results: There were total 500 patients in which 250 were male and 250 were female. The mean age of male was 52.14 year (SD ±80.80 mm, 95% CI 51.05 to 53.24 mm) and female was 52.11 years (SD ±8.82 mm, 95% CI 51.01 to 53.24 mm).The mean distance of femoral head centre from midline in male was 95.02mm (SD ±2.20 mm, 95% CI 94.75 to 95.30 mm) and in female was 91.54 mm (SD ±2.64 mm, 95% CI 91.22 to 91.87 mm).Conclusions:This study provide a useful information to determine the femoral head center relative to the midline of pelvis which useful intraoperatively. 

Uma nova espécie de lagarto do gênero Eublepharis (Squamata: Eublepharidae) da Índia

Descrevemos aqui uma nova espécie de lagarto do gênero Eublepharis das Montanhas Satpura, Índia central. A nova espécie assemelha-se intimamente a E. fuscus, mas pode ser distinguida desta pelo seguinte conjunto de caracteres: SVL 125–130 mm; tubérculos em forma de domo, sem quilhas, arranjados em ~20 fileiras no dorso, espaço intertubercular maior que a largura de um tubérculo; 46–48 escamas na franja ocular, três faixas claras entre a curva nucal e a constrição caudal; lamelas subdigitais mediais lisas; 13–14 poros pré-anais, que podem estar interrompidos medialmente por uma única escama sem poro. A descrição da nova espécie aumenta o conhecimento limitado de Eublepharis na Índia. Fornecemos uma chave de identificação para as espécies do gênero Eublepharis.We describe here a new species of the genus Eublepharis from the Satpura Hills in central India. The new species closely resembles E. fuscus, but can be differentiated from it by the following suite of characters: SVL 125–130 mm; dome shaped tubercles lacking keels arranged in ~20 rows on dorsum, inter-tubercular space greater than width of a tubercle; 46–48 ocular fringe scales, three pale bands between the nuchal loop and caudal constriction; medial subdigital lamellae smooth; 13–14 preanal pores, which may be interrupted medially by a single poreless scale. Description of the new species sheds light on the limited knowledge of Eublepharis in India. We provide an identification key to the species of the genus Eublepharis

A new species of scorpion of the genus \u3cem\u3eButhoscorpio\u3c/em\u3e Werner, 1936 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Andhra Pradesh, India

A new species of scorpion, Buthoscorpio rayalensis sp. nov., is described from Andhra Pradesh, India. The new species of scorpion can be differentiated from its congeners in having the following set of morphological characters: anterior edge of carapace exhibiting very broad subtle indentation with a conspicuous epistome present medially, median eyes situated anteriorly in the ratio 1:3.1, interocular area smooth, patella anteriorly smooth and rounded, mesosomal tergites smooth, pectines 17–17, and arrangement of lateral eyes. Stenochirus jinnahii Amir, Kama-luddin et Jabbar, 2005 and S. rahmatii Amir, Kamaluddin et Jabbar, 2005 are considered Buthidae incertae sedis as their generic allocation has been erroneous

A new species of \u3cem\u3eOrthochirus\u3c/em\u3e Karsch, 1892 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Maharashtra, India

A new species of scorpions of the genus Orthochirus (Buthidae) is described from Jalna, Maharashtra, India. A key to Indian scorpion of the genus Orthochirus is provided

A new species of lizard of the genus Eublepharis (Squamata: Eublepharidae) from India

We describe here a new species of the genus Eublepharis from the Satpura Hills in central India. The new species closely resembles E. fuscus, but can be differentiated from it by the following suite of characters: SVL 125–130 mm; dome shaped tubercles lacking keels arranged in ~20 rows on dorsum, inter-tubercular space greater than width of a tubercle; 46–48 ocular fringe scales, three pale bands between the nuchal loop and caudal constriction; medial subdigital lamellae smooth; 13–14 preanal pores, which may be interrupted medially by a single poreless scale. Description of the new species sheds light on the limited knowledge of Eublepharis in India. We provided in identification key to the species of the genus Eublepharis

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IBUPROFEN GASTRO-RETENTIVE FLOATING TABLETS

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate the gastro-retentive floating tablets containing Ibuprofen, which would remain in stomach and/or upper part of GIT for prolonged period of time. Floating systems have low bulk density so that they can float on the gastric juice in the stomach. Ibuprofen is an anti inflammatory drug.   Methods: On trial and error basis formulation design was done. Four different batches of floating tablets of Ibuprofen were prepared using HPMC, Xanthan gum, and gas generating agent sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. The tablets were characterized for the pre and post compression parameters such as friability, hardness, thickness, drug content, weight variation, in-vitro buoyancy studies and 13 hrs in-vitro drug release studies and the results were within the limits. Results: There was no interaction found in between drug and other ingredients. Maximum release was shown by formulation of batch F4 (47.38%), and minimum by the formulations of batch F2 (34.46%) in the duration of 13 hrs. Conclusion: From the results obtained, it was concluded that the optimized formulation F4 desired drug release properties and floating behavior.      Peer Review History: Received 13 June 2018;   Revised 26 August; Accepted 3 September, Available online 15 September 2018 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:        Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 2/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Heba M. Abd El-Azim, Damanhour University, Egypt, [email protected] Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected] Similar Articles: DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF RITONAVIR HOLLOW MICROBALLOONS FOR FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF IN SITU GELLING GASTRORETENTIVE FORMULATIONS OF MELOXICAM This article has been cited by: Sachin Sarashetti, Vikas Jain, Gowda D V, Pooja Mallya, & Satish Babu. (2020). Recent developments in orally disintegrating mini tablets. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(3), 3606-3612. Pubme

FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL OINTMENT FORMULATIONS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA FOR TOPICAL DELIVERY

Objective: Traditional medicine is an important source of potentially useful new compounds for the development of chemotherapeutic agents. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a multipurpose and exceptionally nutritious vegetable tree with a variety of potential uses. It is distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. Ointments are semisolid systems which behave as viscoelastic materials when shear stress is applied. They contain medicaments and are intended to be applied externally to the body or to the mucous membrane. Methods: In present study the Morenga oleifera leaves extract was used to formulate four different ointment formulations with different bases like cetostearyl alcohol, hard paraffin, and liquid paraffin. Formulations were evaluated for different parameters such as general appearance, spreadability, pH, extrudability, centrifugation,   irritancy, loss on drying, stability study etc. Results: All formulations were found to be free of grittiness, homogeneous, without phase separation with green colour with a smooth homogeneous texture and glossy appearance. Viscosity of the ointment formulations was in the range of 32.21±0.51 to 35.3±0.4. Formulations were found to be stable at different temperature. Conclusion: On the basis of results it can be concluded that ointment preparations with extract of Morenga oleifera leaves indicated the suitability of method for the production of ointments. Peer Review History: Received 13 June 2018;   Revised 27 August; Accepted 1 September, Available online 15 September 2018 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:        Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 3.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected] Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, [email protected] Similar Articles: A RECENT OVERVIEW OF LOCALLY ADMINISTERED TOPICAL OTIC DOSAGE FORM