152 research outputs found
Hybrid SGP4 orbit propagator
Two-Line Elements (TLEs) continue to be the sole public source of orbiter
observations. The accuracy of TLE propagations through the Simplified General
Perturbations-4 (SGP4) software decreases dramatically as the propagation
horizon increases, and thus the period of validity of TLEs is very limited. As
a result, TLEs are gradually becoming insufficient for the growing demands of
Space Situational Awareness (SSA). We propose a technique, based on the hybrid
propagation methodology, aimed at extending TLE validity with minimal changes
to the current TLE-SGP4 system in a non-intrusive way. It requires that the
institution in possession of the osculating elements distributes hybrid TLEs,
HTLEs, which encapsulate the standard TLE and the model of its propagation
error. The validity extension can be accomplished when the end user processes
HTLEs through the hybrid SGP4 propagator, HSGP4, which comprises the standard
SGP4 and an error corrector.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure
Characterization of Factors Predicting a Favorable Opinion of Research Applications Submitted for an Ethical Review Process
Introduction: In Spain, biomedical research applications must receive a positive ethical
opinion from Research Ethics Committees (RECs) before being executed. There is limited
information on how to optimize the ethical review process to reduce delays. This study
was performed to characterize variables predicting favorable opinions at the first ethical
review performed by a REC.
Material and Methods: The study assessed all research applications revised by
a REC in 2019â2020. Data was extracted from RECâs database of La Rioja, Spain.
Variables collected covered three areas: (i) principal investigatorâs profile; (ii) study design;
and (iii) ethical review process. A model based on multiple logistic regression analysis
was created to identify variables explaining favorable opinions in first rounds of ethical
review processes.
Results: The sample included 125 applications (41 submitted in 2019, and 84 in 2020).
At the first review, nine (7%) applications were rejected, 56 (45%) were approved, and
the remaining 60 (48%) required at least two reviews prior to approval. When comparing
both years, a 2-fold increase in the number of applications submitted, and a difference
in the ratio of applications with a favorable vs. non-favorable opinion were observed.
Furthermore, a model predicted 71% of probability of obtaining a favorable opinion in
the first ethical review. Three variables appeared as being explanatory: if the principal
investigator is either the group leader or the departmentâs head (OR = 17.39; p < 0.001),
and if the informed consent (OR = 11.79; p = 0.01), and methods and procedures (OR
= 34.15; p < 0.001) are well done.
Conclusions: These findings confirm an increase in the number of submissions and
a difference in the ratio of applications approved by year. Findings observed also
confirm deficiencies in âinformed consentâ and in âmethods and proceduresâ are the two main causes of delay for favorable ethical opinions. Additionally, findings highlight
the need that group leaders and heads of departments should be more involved in
guiding and supervising their research teams, especially when research applications
are led by less experienced researchers. Based on these findings, it is suggested that
an adequate mentoring and targeted training in research could derive in more robust
research applications and in smoother ethical review processes.Call for Aids - Autonomous Government of La Rioja, Spain COV21-DONAC1/id.proy.1110Rioja Health Foundation FRS-CEIMLAR-202
Non-academic factors influencing the development of empathy in undergraduate nursing students: a cross-sectional study
This study was supported in Peru by the National Council of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation (CONCYTEC) and the National University San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Ref. N degrees E041-2017UNSAAC-02; and in Spain by the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Ref. N degrees PI16/01934, and the Operational Program of the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER-LARIOJA), Ref. 6FRS-ABC-012.Background: Empathy is described as a core competence of nursing. There is abundant research evidence
supporting that empathy varies according to personal characteristics and targeted training. The aim of this study
was to characterize non-academic factors (personal and environmental) influencing the development of empathy in
undergraduate nursing studies who are not receiving a targeted training in empathetic abilities in their nursing
schools.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in the three nursing schools located in Cusco city, Peru (two
private and one public). The Jefferson Scales of Empathy, Attitudes toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration, and
Lifelong Learning, the Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults, and the Scale of Life Satisfaction, were applied as the
main measures. Also, information regarding gender, nursing school, and age, were collected. After psychometric
properties were assessed, all measures were used in the development of a multivariate regression model to
characterize factors of influence in empathy.
Results: In a sample composed by 700 undergraduate nursing students (72 males and 628 females), a multivariate
linear regression model was created. This model explained the 53% of variance of empathy and fitted all conditions
necessary for inference estimations. Teamwork abilities, loneliness, age, sex, subjective well-being, and nursing
school, appeared as factors influencing the development of empathy in patientsâ care.
Conclusions: Findings have indicated that, in absence of a targeted training, individual characteristics and
characteristics associated with social and family environments play an important role of influence in the
development of empathy in nursing students. These findings are also in consonance with others previously
reported in different cultural settings including high-, middle- and low-income countries.National Council of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation (CONCYTEC)National University San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC) E041-2017UNSAAC-02Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) PI16/01934Operational Program of the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER-LARIOJA) 6FRS-ABC-01
Role of Empathy and Lifelong Learning Abilities in Physicians and Nurses Who Work in Direct Contact with Patients in Adverse Working Conditions
This research and the APC were funded by Fundacion Rioja Salud, reference funds FPBIO-2022.Empathy and lifelong learning are two professional competencies that depend on the four
principles of professionalism: humanism, altruism, excellence, and accountability. In occupational
health, there is evidence that empathy prevents work distress. However, in the case of lifelong learning,
the evidence is still scarce. In addition, recent studies suggest that the development of lifelong
learning varies in physicians and nurses and that it is sensitive to the influence of cultural stereotypes
associated with professional roles. This study was performed with the purpose of determining the
specific role that empathy and lifelong learning play in the reduction in occupational stress. This
study included a sample composed by 40 physicians and 40 nurses with high dedication to clinical
work in ambulatory consultations from a public healthcare institution in Paraguay. Somatization, exhaustion,
and work alienation, described as indicators of occupational stress, were used as dependent
variables, whereas empathy, lifelong learning, gender, discipline, professional experience, civil status,
and family burden were used as potential predictors. Three multiple regression models explained
32% of the variability of somatization based on a linear relationship with empathy, lifelong learning,
and civil status; 73% of the variability of exhaustion based on a linear relationship with empathy,
somatization, work alienation, and discipline; and 62% of the variability of work alienation based on
a linear relationship with lifelong learning, exhaustion, and discipline. These findings indicate that
empathy and lifelong learning play important roles in the prevention of work distress in physicians
and nurses. However, this role varies by discipline.Fundacion Rioja Salu
Inter-Professional Collaboration and Occupational Well-Being of Physicians Who Work in Adverse Working Conditions
Inter-professional collaboration, empathy and lifelong learning, components of medical
professionalism, have been associated with occupational well-being in physicians. However, it is not
clear whether this role persists in adverse working conditions. This study was performed to assess
whether this is the case. These three abilities, and the self-perception of somatization, exhaustion
and work alienation, were measured in a sample of 60 physicians working in a hospital declared to
be in an institutional emergency. A multiple regression model explained 40% of the variability of
exhaustion, with a large effect size (Cohenâs-f
2 = 0.64), based on a linear relationship with teamwork
(p = 0.01), and more dedication to academic (p < 0.001) and management activities (p < 0.003). Neither
somatization nor alienation were predicted by empathy or lifelong learning abilities. Somatization,
exhaustion, or alienation scores either explained empathy, inter-professional collaboration or lifelong
learning scores. These findings indicate that, in adverse working environments, physicians with a
greater sense of inter-professional collaboration or performing multi-task activities are more exposed
to suffering exhaustion.FundaciĂłn Rioja Salu
Improvement of Inter-Professional Collaborative Work Abilities in Mexican Medical and Nursing Students: A Longitudinal Study
Background: Inter-professional and interpersonal relationships in collaborative work
environments can prove to be critical elements in healthcare practice. When
implementers fail to understand the importance of a collaborative perspective, this can
lead to communication problems which ultimately harm the users.
Objectives: To improve the inter-professional collaborative work skills of Mexican
students in their first year of medical and nursing degrees through the use of a training
program geared toward development of interpersonal skills and interdisciplinary work. Results: The control group of medical students showed a deterioration in the
development of collaborative work skills (p < 0.01), whereas in the experimental group
this deterioration was not present. In the experimental group of nursing students, a
significant increase in the development of collaborative work skills (p < 0.05) was
observed. The differences were clearly due to the professional area of study (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: There are differences in collaborative work skill development among
different professional areas. These differences can be reduced through the
implementation of a program aimed at developing collaborative work and interpersonal
skills in the early stages of training.This study was supported by the Rioja Salud Foundation (FRS),
Spain, and by a grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos
III (Pi16/01934), co-financed by Operational Program of the
European Regional Development Fund (FEDER-La Rioja) in
Spain (6FRS-ABC-012)
Hydrogen desorption in SiGe ïŹlms : a diffusion limited process
A model to explain the hydrogen desorption kinetics in SiGe alloys is presented. This is an extension of a previous desorption model of hydrogen from Si, that considers the presence of three dimer types in the surface in which hydrogen atoms tend to pair before the desorptionreaction.Surfacediffusion is included in the model. The comparison with experimental results shows that desorption is a diffusion limited process
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