Fracturas dentales : reconstrucciones

Presentamos las indicaciones, clasificación de fracturas y cavidades dentales. Exponemos algunos de los diferentes materiales de reconstrucción con las características particulares y aplicaciones. Describimos de forma genérica los pasos de las técnicas de estética dental para la reconstrucción de las piezas afectadas.We explain the indications and clasifications of the different fractures and cavity. We expose sorne of the different materials of reconstruction with theapplications and special caracteristics. We describe the steps of the cosmetic reconstruction

Exploración clínica en estomatología veterinaria

La exploración clínica se basa en un conjunto de normas y maniobras encaminadas al estudio de síntomas para la determinación diagnóstica de patologías, y al establecimiento de un tratamiento adecuado y específico. Explicamos la exploración sistemática que debe ponerse en práctica en el campo de la Estomatología Veterinaria, pudiendo así determinar las afecciones de los tejidos blandos y duros.For the diagnostic of different oral pathologies we use several techniques. We will establish a specific treatment for each one. We describe a sistemic exploration that is used in veterinary dentistry and afecting both, soft and hard tissues

Innovative approach for producing injectable, biodegradable materials using chitooligosaccharides and green chemistry

Although there are a number of injectable biomaterials currently under development, they present some drawbacks such as being based on synthetic polymers, needing toxic or aggressive synthesis procedures or using raw materials with low availability and/or high production costs. Having this in mind, a novel injectable biomaterial using chitooligosaccharides as starting materials was developed. This system uses a widely available and cheap polymer from marine biomass (chitosan), which can be turned into an injectable material by water-based and ecologically friendly reactions. Chitooligosaccharides were functionalized with methacrylic groups, to allow in situ crosslinking. The degree of substitution, as determined by 1H NMR, varied between 5 and 50%. The system was characterized in terms of kinetics of gel formation, rheology, degradation behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity. The gelation time could be easily tailored between 1.5 and 60 min by changing the conditions of the methacrylation reaction, and the final gel presented rheological properties typical of strong gels, that is, shear stresses in the kPa range. The cross-linked gel was degradable and nontoxic, presenting indeed an interesting cytokinetic effect. Injectable materials based on chitooligosaccharides are, therefore, an innovative system combining adequate biological performance, ease of preparation, and an ecologically friendly concept of production.The authors thank Dr. Mar Fernandez for the cytotoxicity tests. L.F.B. thanks the European Commission for supporting this work through a Marie Curie-IIF fellowship

Injectable hydrogels based on chitosan

Oligo-D-glucosamine (‘‘oligomer’’ of chitosan) seems well suited for injectable, biodegradable systems (IBS), due to their solubility in water, easier funtionalization and the possibility of working at high concentrations. Chitosan was enzymatically degraded with a commercial enzyme (Multifect Pectinase FE) at 508C and pH 5.5 during 17h, adapting a previous procedure. The oligomers were precipitated in ethanol and analysed by MALDI-TOF/MS and FTIR. They were then functionalized by reaction with methacrylic anhydride (MethA), varying ratio of amount of substance of MethA : amount of substance of -NH2 groups in the oligomer. The obtained methacrylamide- oligomers were polymerized with a potassium persulfate/ vitamin C initiation system. Both the modified oligomers and the polymerized product were analysed by FTIR and NMR. [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prótesis como solución en fractura de caninos

La prótesis a nivel odontológico es una solución poco utilizada, debido por un lado al desconocimiento de sus indicaciones y a la problemática de no tener fácil acceso a protésicos veterinarios o de humana que por un lado estén dispuestos a colaborar con nosotros o bien que estén plenamente calificados para realizarlas. Por otro lado, todo ello implica un alto coste. Presentamos un caso clínico en el que se efectuó una prótesis de un canino, mediante una funda en material metálico con la suficiente resistencia para el perfecto funcionamiento de ésta, perdurando a largo plazo.The prothesis at odontological level is a seldom used solution; due, in one hand, to the unfamiliarity of its indications and the problem of not having an easy access to human or veterinary prothesis technicien willing to cooperate with us or fully quelifies to do it. On the other hand, all of it implies high costs. We are presenting a clinic case in which a prothesis was done on a canine by metalic-material case with enough resistance to operase properly and lasting on the long term

Contraindicaciones y complicaciones más frecuentes en las técnicas endodónticas

En el trabajo se exponen las diferentes circunstancias en las que la aplicación de las técnicas endodónticas están contraindicadas. Causas de orden general y de orden local que no aconsejan la realización de la terapia, así como casos dudosos en los que se deben poner en práctica técnicas alternativas o tratamientos que nos posibiliten el posterior desarrollo de la endodoncia.The contraindications of endodontic techniques are exposed in this work. Tbey bave a general or local origen. In the doubt cases an alternative treatment bave to be develop before the endodontic technique has been made

Prevalence of common oral conditions in dogs and cats attending a veterinary teaching hospital in Spain

Our aim is to provide a look into the typical clinical caseload from odontology primary care, based on dogs and cats treated at a veterinary teaching hospital. From 2013 to 2019, 468 dogs and 139 cats were treated. Data come from primary care practice; no referral cases were considered. The most frequently detected conditions in dogs were periodontal disease (59.6%), oral tumors (11.3%), dental fractures (7.7%), class 1 malocclusion (7.1%), dental fistulas (5.8%), class 3 malocclusion (3.4%), gingivitis (1.7%), periodontal disease with tooth resorption (0.4%), class 2 malocclusion (0.2%) and others (2.8%). Different distributions of main conditions were found when considering age and weight/breed (p  0.05). No significant temporal trends were detected. These prevalence estimations can be useful in the diagnosis and establishment of preventive measures. Attention could be focused on different oral conditions depending on breed (dogs) and on age (both dogs and cats)

Polymeric Nanoparticles that Combine Dexamethasone and Naproxen for the Synergistic Inhibition of Il12b Transcription in Macrophages

Recent studies have demonstrated in vivo synergistic immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory capacity of dexamethasone (Dx) and naproxen (NAP) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. However, the molecular basis of this synergistic effect is barely understood. The low solubility of these drugs and their adverse effects hamper their efficacy on the treatment of inflammatory processes making nanoparticulated systems promising candidates to overcome these drawbacks. The aim of this work is the preparation of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) that combine NAP and Dx in different concentrations, and the evaluation of the expression of key genes related to autoimmune diseases like CIA. To do so, self-assembled polymeric NPs that incorporate covalently-linked NAP and physically entrapped Dx are designed to have hydrodynamic properties that, according to bibliography, may improve retention and colocalization of both drugs at inflammation sites. The rapid uptake of NPs by macrophages is demonstrated using coumarine-6-loaded NPs. Dx is efficiently encapsulated and in vitro biological studies demonstrate that the Dx-loaded NAP-bearing NPs are noncytotoxic and reduce lipopolysaccharide- induced NO released levels at any of the tested concentrations. Moreover, at the molecular level, a significant synergistic reduction of Il12b transcript gene expression when combining Dx and NAP is demonstrated.Authors would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MAT2017-84277-R and SAF2017-82223-R) and CIBER-BBN for the financial support of this project. E.E.-C. and Y.P. would like to thank the training program for Academic Staff (FPU15/06109 and FPU15/06170, respectively) of the Spanish Ministry of Education Culture and Sport. The kind support by Alvaro González- Gómez, Rosana Ramírez, and David Gómez, in the synthesis, cell culture and SEM experiments is greatly appreciatedPeer reviewe

Storage and demand response contribution to firm capacity: Analysis of the Spanish electricity system

Provision of firm capacity will become a challenge in power systems dominated by renewable generation. This paper analyzes the competitiveness and role of battery storage, six types of pumped-hydro storage, open cycle gas turbine (OCGT), and demand response (DR) technologies in providing the firm capacity required to guarantee the security of supply in a real-size power system such as the Spanish one in horizon 2030. The paper contributes with detailed and realistic modeling of the DR capabilities. Demand is disaggregated by sector and activities and projected towards 2030, applying a growth rate by activity. The load flexibility constraints are considered to ensure the validity of the results. A generation operation planning and expansion model, SPLODER, is conveniently upgraded to properly represent the different storage alternatives addressed in the paper. The results highlight the importance of considering demand response for evaluating long-term firm capacity requirements, showing a non-negligible impact on the investment decisions on the amount of firm capacity required in the system and the optimal shares of wind and solar PV renewable generation. Results also show the dominance of cost-competitiveness of pumped hydro and OCGTs over batteries. Additionally, capacity payments are required to support firm capacity providers’ investments. © 2022This research has been carried out thanks to the Iberdrola Chair on Energy and Innovation and the funding of the RETOS COLABORACIÓN program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Spanish State Research Agency (project “Platform of innovative models to accelerate the energy decarbonization of the economy (MODESC)”, with reference number RTC2019-007315-3 ). This research is also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness MINECO through BC3 María de Maeztu excellence accreditation MDM-2017-0714

Molecular analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in 32 breast and/or ovarian cancer Spanish families

It is estimated that about 5–10% of breast cancer cases may be due to inherited predisposition. Until now, two main susceptibility genes have been identified: BRCA1 and BRCA2. The first linkage and mutational studies suggested that mutations in these two genes would account for the majority of high-risk breast cancer families, but recent studies show how the proportion of families due to BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations strongly depends on the population and the types of family analyzed. It is now clear that, in the context of families with a modest cancer profile, which are the most commonly found in the clinical practice, the percentage of mutations found is much lower than that suggested by the first studies. In the present study, we analyze a group of 32 Spanish families, which contatined at least three cases of female breast cancer (at least one of them diagnosed before the age of 50 years), for the presence of mutations in the BRCA genes. The total proportion of mutations was low (25%), although the percentage of mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes was higher, considering the breast and ovarian cancer families and the male breast cancer families respectively. Our results are in agreement with the idea that a great proportion of moderate-risk cancer families could be due to low penetrance susceptibility genes distinct from BRCA1 or BRCA2. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaig