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Sección Deptal. de Historia del Arte III (Contemporáneo)Fac. de Bellas ArtesFALSEsubmitte

Pharmacokinetic Behaviour of Enrofloxacin after Single Intramuscular Dosage in American Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus)

The aim of the study was to investigate the intramuscular pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in black vultures (Coragyps atratus). The pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular dose (10 mg/kg) of enrofloxacin was studied in six vultures. Plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLCuv). Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental and compartmental analysis. After intramuscular administration, enrofloxacin showed a rapid and complete absorption, reaching a Cmax value of 3.26 ± 0.23 μg/mL at 1.75 ± 0.53 h. A long terminal half-life of 19.58 h has been observed. Using previously published MIC values to perform a PK/PD analysis, cumulative fraction responses obtained after Monte Carlo simulation for AUC/MIC > 30, 50 and 125 were 72.93%, 72.34% and 30.86% for E. coli and 89.29%, 88.89% and 58.57% for Mycoplasma synoviae, respectively. Cumulative fraction responses obtained for Cmax/MIC index were 33.93% and 40.18% for E. coli and M. synoviae, respectively. The intramuscular administration of 10 mg/kg could be appropriate to treat infectious diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria with MIC value lower than 1 µg/mL; however, although enrofloxacin showed a slow elimination in black vultures, plasma concentrations were insufficient to reach the gram-negative stablished breakpoints

Coffee Silverskin Extract: Nutritional Value, Safety and Effect on Key Biological Functions

This study aimed to complete the scientific basis for the validation of a coffee silverskin extract (CSE) as a novel food ingredient according to European legislation. Nutritional value, safety, effects on biochemical biomarkers and excretion of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in vivo of CSE were assessed. Proteins, amino acids, fat, fatty acids, fiber, simple sugars and micronutrients were analyzed. For the first time, toxicological and physiological effects were evaluated in vivo by a repeated-dose study in healthy Wistar rats. Hormone secretion, antioxidant (enzymatic and no-enzymatic) and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, and dietary fiber fermentability of CSE (analysis of SCFAs in feces) were studied in biological samples. This unique research confirms the feasibility of CSE as a human dietary supplement with several nutrition claims: “source of proteins (16%), potassium, magnesium, calcium and vitamin C, low in fat (0.44%) and high in fiber (22%)”. This is the first report demonstrating that its oral administration (1 g/kg) for 28 days is innocuous. Hormone secretion, antioxidant or anti-inflammatory biomarkers were not affected in heathy animals. Total SCFAs derived from CSE fiber fermentation were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in male treated rats compared to male control rats. All the new information pinpoints CSE as a natural, sustainable and safe food ingredient containing fermentable fiber able to produce SCFAs with beneficial effects on gut microbiota

Cooperación al desarrollo y entornos virtuales de aprendizaje: nuevos recursos para un nuevo escenario de formación postgrado

El objetivo del presente trabajo es ofertar un apoyo no presencial que facilite mayor acceso a una formación postgrado inter-universitaria de calidad y que permitan a cada estudiante vencer su limitación espacio-temporal y optimizar su esfuerzo en función de su motivación, lo que supone una conciliación académica /profesional /familiar. La metodología utilizada será el conocimiento del manejo instrumental de la plataforma Moodle, entendiendo sus posibilidades técnicas. Analizando el uso las posibilidades didácticas y limitaciones de las herramientas de la plataforma en la enseñanza post grado de nuestro tema de interés. Enfocando la actuación en el aprendizaje participativo en vez de en la enseñanza expositiva: equilibrar conceptos y competencias. Diseñando nuevas coreografías didácticas acordes a entornos virtuales que ayuden al estudiante a evolucionar del aprendizaje rutinario al estratégico. Evidenciando la trascendencia de la investigación bibliográfica en la investigación aplicada. Potenciando el uso racional de TICs e incluir el uso de gestores bibliográficos para maximizar su aprovechamiento. Facilitando estrategias de mejora o correctivas frente a necesidades individuales causadas por diferencias de ritmo de aprendizaje. Estimulando el trabajo cooperativo, valorando especialmente la interdependencia positiva.Fil: Graiff, Diego Sebastián. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Boggio, Juan Carlos. Universidad Católica de Córdoba.Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Litterio, Nicolás Javier. Universidad Católica de Córdoba.Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin

Cooperación al desarrollo y entornos virtuales de aprendizaje: nuevos recursos para un nuevo escenario de formación postgrado

El objetivo del presente trabajo es ofertar un apoyo no presencial que facilite mayor acceso a una formación postgrado inter-universitaria de calidad y que permitan a cada estudiante vencer su limitación espacio-temporal y optimizar su esfuerzo en función de su motivación, lo que supone una conciliación académica /profesional /familiar. La metodología utilizada será el conocimiento del manejo instrumental de la plataforma Moodle, entendiendo sus posibilidades técnicas. Analizando el uso las posibilidades didácticas y limitaciones de las herramientas de la plataforma en la enseñanza post grado de nuestro tema de interés. Enfocando la actuación en el aprendizaje participativo en vez de en la enseñanza expositiva: equilibrar conceptos y competencias. Diseñando nuevas coreografías didácticas acordes a entornos virtuales que ayuden al estudiante a evolucionar del aprendizaje rutinario al estratégico. Evidenciando la trascendencia de la investigación bibliográfica en la investigación aplicada. Potenciando el uso racional de TICs e incluir el uso de gestores bibliográficos para maximizar su aprovechamiento. Facilitando estrategias de mejora o correctivas frente a necesidades individuales causadas por diferencias de ritmo de aprendizaje. Estimulando el trabajo cooperativo, valorando especialmente la interdependencia positiva.Fil: Graiff, Diego Sebastián. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Boggio, Juan Carlos. Universidad Católica de Córdoba.Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Litterio, Nicolás Javier. Universidad Católica de Córdoba.Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin

Effects of Growth Medium and Inoculum Size on Pharmacodynamics Activity of Marbofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Caprine Clinical Mastitis

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important pathogen that causes clinical mastitis in goats and produces infections difficult to cure. Different antimicrobials as fluoroquinolones have been used against S. aureus. However, the studies developed to evaluate the bacterial drug interaction only have used the MIC as a single reference point with artificial growth media. The aims of this study were to describe the effect of marbofloxacin on S. aureus isolated from mastitis goats’ milk by different approaches as the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) in cation adjusted Mueller–Hinton broth (CAMHB), serum and milk of goats at two inoculum sizes of 105 and 108 CFU/mL, the determination and analysis of the time kill curves (TKC) by non-linear mixed effect models in each growth medium and inoculum size, as well as the estimation of their pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) cutoff values. The results obtained indicate that MIC values were higher and increases 2,4-fold in serum and 3,6-fold in milk at high inoculum, as well as the EC50 values determined by each pharmacodynamics model. Finally, the PK/PD cutoff values defined as fAUC24/MIC ratios to achieve clinical efficacy were highly dependent on inoculum and growth medium, with median values of 60–180, especially at high inoculum in milk, suggesting that further studies are necessary to evaluate and optimize the best therapeutic strategies for treating S. aureus in lactating goats.Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, ArgentinaUniversidad Complutense de Madri

Effect of chemically modified tetracycline-8 (CMT-8) on hematology, blood chemistry, cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of healthy dogs

Tetracyclines are antibiotics widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Effects on the immune system and inflammatory response, including effects on blood leukocytes proliferation and function and in cytokines synthesis, have been described. Chemically modified tetracyclines (CMT) have lost their antimicrobial activity, but maintain these other properties. This study analyzes the effect of chemically modified tetracycline-8 (CMT-8) on the evolution of complete blood count, blood chemistry, the mRNA expression of selected cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations distribution in healthy dogs. CMT-8 at a dose of 10 mg/kg once daily was administered per os to six healthy dogs. A control group of five healthy dogs, living in the same conditions than dogs treated with CMT-8, received placebo with an identical therapeutic regimen. When given at the doses used in this study, no side effects of CMT-8 were detected, suggesting a good tolerance and a limited toxicity of the drug. Dogs treated with CMT-8 showed a gradual increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The administration of CMT-8 in healthy dogs did not affect blood mRNA expression of IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40 and IL-13. However, the lymphocytes expressing class II MHC on their surface decreased during the first two weeks of CMT-8 treatment and subsequently increased for the next three months. Considering the absence of antimicrobial properties of the drug, the effects of CMT-8 detected in this study seem to be unrelated to the classical antimicrobial activity attributed to tetracyclines.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (AGL2012-33997)Depto. de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu

Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis by nonlinear mixed-effects modeling of cefquinome in nonpregnant, pregnant, and lactating goats after intravenous and intramuscular administration

Cefquinome is a fourth-generation cephalosporin that is used empirically in goats. Different physiologic factors like pregnancy or lactation could determine the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in the organism. The objectives of this study are to (a) compare the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome after intravenous and intramuscular administration in adult nonpregnant (n = 6), pregnant (n = 6), and lactating goats (n = 6), at a dose of 2 mg/kg, with rich sampling by nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, (b) conduct a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the recommended posology in goats with different physiological states, and (c) determine the optimal posology that achieve a PTA value ≥ 90%, taking into account a T > MIC ≥ 60% of a MIC value ≤ 0.25 µg/ml, in the different subpopulations of goats for both routes. Gestation significantly increased Ka and V1, while reduced F0, Cl, and Q. On the other hand, lactation significantly increased V1 and reduced Tk0. Cefquinome concentrations achieved in placental cotyledon, amniotic fluid, and fetal serum indicate a minimal penetration across the placental barrier. Moreover, milk penetration of cefquinome was minimal. The total body clearance of cefquinome for goats was 0.29 L kg−1 hr−1, that is apparently higher than the reported for cows (0.13 L kg−1 hr−1) and pigs (0.16 L kg−1 hr−1). So, the optimal dose regimen for cefquinome after intravenous and intramuscular administration required higher dose and frequency of administration compared with recommendations for cows or pigs. Therefore, 2 mg kg−1 8 hr−1 and 5 mg kg−1 12 hr−1 could be used for IV and IM routes, respectively, for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by P. multocida and M. haemolytica, but only 5 mg kg−1 12 hr−1 by both routes should be recommended for Escherichia coli infections.Fil: Litterio, Nicolás Javier. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. IRNASUS CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzutti, Augusto Matías. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. IRNASUS CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Zarazaga, María del Pilar. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. IRNASUS CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Himelfarb, Martín Alejandro. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. IRNASUS CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: San Andrés-Larrea, Manuel Ignacio. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Pharmacology and toxicology; EspañaFil: Serrano-Rodríguez, Juan Manuel. Universidad de Córdoba. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Pharmacology Area. Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy; Españ