4,280 research outputs found
Breaking Rank: Party Influence in Congressional Defense Voting Since the Cold War
From the Washington University Senior Honors Thesis Abstracts (WUSHTA), Spring 2018. Published by the Office of Undergraduate Research. Joy Zalis Kiefer, Director of Undergraduate Research and Associate Dean in the College of Arts & Sciences; Lindsey Paunovich, Editor; Helen Human, Programs Manager and Assistant Dean in the College of Arts and Sciences Mentor: Steven Smit
Dynamical susceptibility near a long-wavelength critical point with a nonconserved order parameter
We study the dynamic response of a two-dimensional system of itinerant
fermions in the vicinity of a uniform () Ising nematic quantum
critical point of wave symmetry. The nematic order parameter is not a
conserved quantity, and this permits a nonzero value of the fermionic
polarization in the wave channel even for vanishing momentum and finite
frequency: . For weak coupling between the
fermions and the nematic order parameter (i.e. the coupling is small compared
to the Fermi energy), we perturbatively compute over a parametrically broad range of frequencies where the fermionic
self-energy is irrelevant, and use Eliashberg theory to
compute in the non-Fermi liquid regime at
smaller frequencies, where . We find that
is a constant, plus a frequency dependent correction
that goes as at high frequencies, crossing over to
at lower frequencies. The scaling holds also in a non-Fermi
liquid regime. The non-vanishing of gives rise to
additional structure in the imaginary part of the nematic susceptibility
at , in marked contrast to the
behavior of the susceptibility for a conserved order parameter. This additional
structure may be detected in Raman scattering experiments in the wave
geometry
Peroxisomal regulation of redox homeostasis and adipocyte metabolism
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous cellular organelles required for specific pathways of fatty acid oxidation and lipid synthesis, and until recently their functions in adipocytes have not been well appreciated. Importantly, peroxisomes host many oxygen-consumption reactions and play a major role in generation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), influencing whole cell redox status. Here, we review recent progress in peroxisomal functions in lipid metabolism as related to ROS/RNS metabolism and discuss the roles of peroxisomal redox homeostasis in adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism. We provide a framework for understanding redox regulation of peroxisomal functions in adipocytes together with testable hypotheses for developing therapies for obesity and the related metabolic diseases
Dynamical susceptibility of a near-critical non-conserved order parameter and B2g Raman response in Fe-based superconductors
We analyze the dynamical response of a two-dimensional system of itinerant
fermions coupled to a scalar boson , which undergoes a continuous
transition towards nematic order with wave form-factor. We consider two
cases: (a) when is a soft collective mode of fermions near a Pomeranchuk
instability, and (b) when it is an independent critical degree of freedom, such
as a composite spin order parameter near an Ising-nematic transition. In both
cases, the order-parameter is not a conserved quantity and the wave
fermionic polarization remains finite even at . The
polarization has similar behavior in the two cases, but the
relations between and the bosonic susceptibility are different, leading to different forms of , as measured by Raman scattering. We compare our results with
polarization-resolved Raman data for the Fe-based superconductors
FeSeS, NaFeCoAs and BaFeAs. We argue that the
data for FeSeS are well described within Pomeranchuk scenario,
while the data for NaFeCoAs and BaFeAs are better described
within the "independent" scenario involving a composite spin order
Early intervention and intensive management of patients with diabetes, cardiorenal, and metabolic diseases
Increasing rates of obesity and diabetes have driven corresponding increases in related cardiorenal and metabolic diseases. In many patients, these conditions occur together, further increasing morbidity and mortality risks to the individual. Yet all too often, the risk factors for these disorders are not addressed promptly in clinical practice, leading to irreversible pathologic progression. To address this gap, we convened a Task Force of experts in cardiology, nephrology, endocrinology, and primary care to develop recommendations for early identification and intervention in obesity, diabetes, and other cardiorenal and metabolic diseases. The recommendations include screening and diagnosis, early interventions with lifestyle, and when and how to implement medical therapies. These recommendations are organized into primary and secondary prevention along the continuum from obesity through the metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and heart failure (HF). The goal of early and intensive intervention is primary prevention of comorbidities or secondary prevention to decrease further worsening of disease and reduce morbidity and mortality. These efforts will reduce clinical inertia and may improve patients\u27 well-being and adherence
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