14,575 research outputs found
Bostonia. Volume 2
Founded in 1900, Bostonia magazine is Boston University's main alumni publication, which covers alumni and student life, as well as university activities, events, and programs
Towards a closed differential aging formula in special relativity
It is well known that the Lorentzian length of a timelike curve in Minkowski
spacetime is smaller than the Lorentzian length of the geodesic connecting its
initial and final endpoints. The difference is known as the 'differential
aging' and its calculation in terms of the proper acceleration history of the
timelike curve would provide an important tool for the autonomous spacetime
navigation of non-inertial observers. I give a solution in 3+1 dimensions which
holds whenever the acceleration is decomposed with respect to a lightlike
transported frame (lightlike transport will be defined), the analogous and more
natural problem for a Fermi-Walker decomposition being still open.Comment: Latex2e, 6 pages, 1 figure, uses psfrag. Contribution to the
Proceedings of The Spanish Relativity Meeting (ERE 2006), Palma de Mallorca,
Spain September 4-8, 200
Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Ethnicity, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes of Adults in Urban Populations of Central America
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of ethnicity and obesity as it relates to Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in specific Central American countries. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of ethnicity, obesity, and T2D. Four studies that qualified for inclusion were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The studies on the association of ethnicity and T2D had a combined population resulted in 265,858 study participants. Two studies on the association of obesity and T2D had 197,899 participants. An analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the relative risk ration, odds ratio, and forest plots. The comparison of the relative risk of T2D across ethnic categories by studies range for Blacks was 1.59 to 2.74, Asians was 1.43 to 2.08, and Hispanics .92 to 2.91. The ethnic difference in the prevalence of diabetes was almost two-fold higher in all ethnic groups than among the Caucasians with a significance level of 95%. A comparison of relative risk of T2D across weight categories was significantly higher among those with a diagnosed of diabetes in all reported areas. The odds ratio was very close to the risk ratio in both ethnicity and obesity to the development of T2D. The meta-analysis findings documented that an association does exist between ethnicity and obesity to the development of type 2 diabetes
Ethnicity, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes of Adults in Urban Populations of Central America
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of ethnicity and obesity as it relates to Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in specific Central American countries. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of ethnicity, obesity, and T2D. Four studies that qualified for inclusion were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The studies on the association of ethnicity and T2D had a combined population resulted in 265,858 study participants. Two studies on the association of obesity and T2D had 197,899 participants. An analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the relative risk ration, odds ratio, and forest plots. The comparison of the relative risk of T2D across ethnic categories by studies range for Blacks was 1.59 to 2.74, Asians was 1.43 to 2.08, and Hispanics .92 to 2.91. The ethnic difference in the prevalence of diabetes was almost two-fold higher in all ethnic groups than among the Caucasians with a significance level of 95%. A comparison of relative risk of T2D across weight categories was significantly higher among those with a diagnosed of diabetes in all reported areas. The odds ratio was very close to the risk ratio in both ethnicity and obesity to the development of T2D.The meta-analysis findings documented that an association does exist between ethnicity and obesity to the development of type 2 diabetes
Local structure of percolating gels at very low volume fractions
The formation of colloidal gels is strongly dependent on the volume fraction
of the system and the strength of the interactions between the colloids. Here
we explore very dilute solutions by the means of numerical simulations, and
show that, in the absence of hydrodynamic interactions and for sufficiently
strong interactions, percolating colloidal gels can be realised at very low
values of the volume fraction. Characterising the structure of the network of
the arrested material we find that, when reducing the volume fraction, the gels
are dominated by low-energy local structures, analogous to the isolated
clusters of the interaction potential. Changing the strength of the interaction
allows us to tune the compactness of the gel as characterised by the fractal
dimension, with low interaction strength favouring more chain-like structures
Experimental Demonstration of >230{\deg} Phase Modulation in Gate-Tunable Graphene-Gold Reconfigurable Mid-Infrared Metasurfaces
Metasurfaces offer significant potential to control far-field light
propagation through the engineering of amplitude, polarization, and phase at an
interface. We report here phase modulation of an electronically reconfigurable
metasurface and demonstrate its utility for mid-infrared beam steering. Using a
gate-tunable graphene-gold resonator geometry, we demonstrate highly tunable
reflected phase at multiple wavelengths and show up to 237{\deg} phase
modulation range at an operating wavelength of 8.50 {\mu}m. We observe a smooth
monotonic modulation of phase with applied voltage from 0{\deg} to 206{\deg} at
a wavelength of 8.70 {\mu}m. Based on these experimental data, we demonstrate
with antenna array calculations an average beam steering efficiency of 50% for
reflected light for angles up to 30{\deg}, relative to an ideal metasurface,
confirming the suitability of this geometry for reconfigurable mid-infrared
beam steering devices
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