Feeding problems in infancy and early childhood: A case study of selected Primary Health Centres in Ibadan North Local Government of Oyo State

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of feeding problems among children 6 to 24 months of age in Ibadan, Nigeria.Methodology: Two hundred and seventy five mother-child pairs were recruited from four selected Primary Health Centres in Ibadan North Local Government Area. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socioeconomic characteristics, feeding patterns and feeding behaviour of children as well as maternal perception and coping with children's feeding behaviour.Results: Mean age of the children was14.1 ±5.6 months with 55.3% of these being females. On average, mothers were approximately 28 years of age (28.0±5.2 years), married (89.1%), with secondary school education (53.1%).The mostcommon feeding problems observed among the participants were picky eating, food neophobia and intake of limited variety of food. Overall, 52% of the children had one or more feeding problems. Maternal coping strategies with their child's feeding behaviour were majorly use of rewards and force feeding.Conclusion: There exists a spectrum of feeding problems in infancy and childhood in this study population. There is need to provide infant and young child feeding support to mothers to prevent negative impacts of feeding problems on thenutrition and development of their children.Key words: Feeding problems, nutritional status, picky eating, food neophobi

Nutrient composition, functional and sensory properties of gruel made from local rice

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the nutrient composition, functional and sensory properties of complementary diets (gruel) developed from local rice.Methods: Local rice grains and paddy rice were fermented and malted respectively, oven dried, milled and sieved into flour. The samples  including the control sample (maize 'ogi') were analyzed for proximate, vitamin, mineral composition, as well as their functional properties using standard methods.Results: The protein value ranged from 5.13-7.90%, while the fat was  between 0.22-0.48%, carbohydrates: 82.63-87.77% and ash between 0.25% -0.92%. The calcium and iron content ranged between  56.8-359.7ppm, and 37.61-69.99ppm respectively. Vitamin composition showed Vitamin A ranged between 160.0-341.79I.U, and Vitamin B 0.69-6.57mg. The 2 functional properties ranged from 0.58-0.95g/ml for bulk density, and swelling index 4.66-18.01%. Fermented maize gruel (control) had the highest values for peak viscosity (2549 cP). Samples were significantly different in organoleptic properties.Conclusion: The fermented rice gruel was more accepted than the malted counterpart although the malted rice sample had higher nutritional content, low bulk density and formed thinner and a less viscous gruel.Key words: Local rice, malting, fermentation, paddy rice, maize 'Ogi'

A training intervention on child feeding among primary healthcare workers in Ibadan Municipality

Introduction: Health workers at the primary level are well positioned to provide health information and counselling on child feeding to mothers on antenatal visits. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of training on the knowledge, attitudes and provision of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) information and counselling among primary healthcare (PHC) workers. Methods: A two-stage cluster sample was used to select health workers for training on IYCF in Ibadan, Nigeria. Baseline, immediate and 4-week post-training surveys were conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of health workers regarding IYCF. Paired t-tests were used to measure differences (p < 0.05) before and after the training. Results: A total of 124 health workers were trained on current global IYCF recommendations. Participants included community health extension workers (59.7%), nurses (27.4%), community health officers (11.3%), and pharmacy technicians (1.6%). Mean age was 41.8 ± 8.2 years and 95.2% were women. Knowledge of health workers regarding IYCF, particularly complementary feeding, was low at baseline but improved significantly following the training intervention. Attitudes and practices regarding provision of IYCF were suboptimal among health workers at the PHC facilities, but this improved with training. Conclusion: Health workers at the PHC level need regular retraining exercises to ensure effective counselling on IYCF

Theoretical framework towards Crop Yield Classification using Fuzzy SQL and Fuzzy Relational Database

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract:&lt;/strong&gt; Inefficient classification of agricultural products has resulted to failure or poor market value for many crops. The need for using technology in enhancing crop yield classification cannot be overemphasized. This work used fuzzy logic system in performing crop yield classification and considered yam for the representation. Attributes of yam like size, length, age, date of maturity, and others are considered in this work. Fuzzy rules for the classification are formed. A fuzzy SQL expression using Create, Insert, Select and Classify statements for the implementation are considered. The evaluation shows that classifying crop yield using fuzzy systems adds great value to post harvest yield management and enhances crops marketing and storage value with high efficiency.&lt;i&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords:&lt;/strong&gt; Crop Yield, Fuzzy Classification, Fuzzy Logic, SQL, System.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Title:&lt;/strong&gt; Theoretical framework towards Crop Yield Classification using Fuzzy SQL and Fuzzy Relational Database&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Author:&lt;/strong&gt; Kile, Awuna Samuel, Ukeyima, Dooshima Joyce,&nbsp;Adegoke, O. Folake&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ISSN 2348-1196 (print), ISSN 2348-120X (online)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vol. 11, Issue 4, October 2023 - December 2023&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Page No: 29-36&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Research Publish Journals&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Website: www.researchpublish.com&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Published Date: 03-November-2023&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DOI: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10068420"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10068420&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Paper Download Link (Source)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/theoretical-framework-towards-crop-yield-classification-using-fuzzy-sql-and-fuzzy-relational-database"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/theoretical-framework-towards-crop-yield-classification-using-fuzzy-sql-and-fuzzy-relational-database&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt

Barrier analysis for daily fruit and vegetable consumption among low income consumers in Ibadan, Nigeria

Barrier analysis is completed with at least 45 doers of the behavior of interest and 45 non-doers who do not practice the behaviour. In this case, the behaviour of interest was the consumption of an adequate quantity and diversity of fruits and vegetables by low income adults in the focal neighbourhoods. Doers and non-doers were identified based on multi-pass quantitative 24-hour dietary recall surveys that were completed with a subset of households, targeting an adult man and adult woman, with at least two days between the recalls. 241 women and 131 men completed the dietary recall surveys. The results were reviewed to identify respondents with higher and lower fruit and vegetable intakes. Doers consumed fruit in at least one of the two recall periods and always consumed at least one type of vegetable. Non-doers did not consume fruit in any of the recall periods. Lists of non-doers and doers were compiled according to gender and neighbourhood and sorted in a random order to interview following a quota sampling approach. Enumerators visited each household to request their participation in the survey

Prevalence of zinc deficiency among primary school children in a poor peri-urban informal settlement in South-Africa

This cross-sectional study assessed the risk of zinc deficiency in randomly selected children, aged between 7 and 11 years, living in a poor, peri-urban informal settlement in South Africa. Dietary intake of 149 respondents was evaluated by 24-hour recall and quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Anthropometric and biochemical indices of a subset of 113 were determined. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and Pearson correlations were computed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 14.0. Anthropometric data were analysed using the World Health Organization Anthro plus version 1.0.2 statistical software. Dietary data were analysed with FoodFinder® version 3. The mean age of the children was 9.0±1.1 years. Few zinc-rich sources appeared in the diet that was predominantly plant-based. Mean dietary zinc intake was 4.6±2.2 mg/day. The mean value of serum zinc was 66.4±21.5 µg/dL, with 46% of the children having values less than the 70 µg/dL cut-off. The findings indicate a high risk of zinc deficiency and suboptimal zinc status for the majority of this study population of children, possibly as a result of low consumption of food sources with high bioavailability of zinc, which invariably is a direct consequence of poverty and food insecurity.Die doel van hierdie dwarsdeursnitstudie was die bepaling van die risiko van ’n sinktekort in ’n ewekansige steekproef van 7 tot 11 jaar-oue kinders, woonagtig in ’n arm, voorstedelike informele woonbuurt in Suid Afrika. Dieetinnames van 149 respondente is geëvalueer deur 24-uur herroep en kwantitatiewe voedselfrekwensie vraelyste. Antropometriese en biochemiese indikatore van ’n kleiner steekproef van 113 is ook bepaal. Beskrywende statistiek, analise van variansie en Pearsonkorrelasies is bepaal deur die Statistical Package for Social Sciences, uitgawe 14.0. Antropometriese data is geanaliseer deur die statistiese program, Anthro plus, uitgawe 1.0.2, van die Wêreld Gesondheid Organisasie. Dieetdata is met behulp van FoodFinder® uitgawe 3 geanaliseer. Die gemiddelde ouderdom van die kinders was 9.0±1.1 jaar. Min sinkryke voedselbronne is in die hoofsaaklik plantryke dieet waargeneem. Die gemiddelde sinkinname was 4.6±2.2 mg/dag en die gemiddelde serumsinkwaarde was 66.4±21.5 µg/dL, met 46% van die kinders se waardes onder die 70 µg/dL afsnypunt. Die bevindings dui op ’n hoë risiko vir sinktekort en suboptimale sinkstatus vir die meerderheid van hierdie kinders, moontlik as gevolg van die swak inname van voedselbronne met hoë biobeskikbare sink, wat gewoonlik ’n direkte gevolg van armoede en huishoudelike voedsel insekuriteit i

Quality characteristics and acceptability of chin-chin prepared from rice and high quality cassava composite flour

Objective: This study was carried to assess the quality characteristics and acceptability of chin-chin prepared from rice and high-quality cassava composite flour. Methods: Chin-chin samples were made from the blends of rice flour (RF) and high quality cassava composite flour (HQCF) at varying proportions (100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40; 50:50; 0:100). The proximate composition, calorific and total energy values, physical quality, crust colour and the sensory properties of various chin-chin samples were analyzed. Results: The results showed that there was an inverse relationship between moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre and the ash of the chin-chin samples as the quantity of the high-quality cassava flour (HQCF) added increased. There was also a decrease in the values of proximate components of the chin-chin from RF. The % moisture, protein, crude fibre and ash ranged from 6.6 to 3.9, 7.9 to 4.6, 0.8 to 0.4 and 1.3 to 0.8 while % fat ranged from 18.4 to 24.7, respectively. The starch, sugar and calorific values of chin-chin samples ranged from 73.6 to 81.3%, 6.8-8.9 mg/100g, 431 to 496 cal/100 g respectively as the quantity of the high-quality cassava flour (HQCF) increased. As the quantity of the high-quality cassava flour increased in the chin-chin samples, the weight and volume ranged from 2.3 to 4.7 g and 1.8 to 0.8 cm3 respectively. The crust colour L*, a* and b* ranged from 68.01 to 78.81, 14.86 to 10.16 and 33.94 to 21.51 respectively. As the proportions of HQCF increased in the chin-chin, lightness of samples increased. The results of sensory evaluation showed that chin-chin samples from rice flour, HQCF and their composite flour had high sensory ratings and were acceptable to the consumers but chin-chin samples from 100% rice flour had highest overall consumer acceptability and were more preferred by the consumers when compared with chin-chin samples from rice and the high-quality cassava composite flour. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was observed that acceptable chin-chin could be prepared from rice and the high-quality cassava composite flour. Acceptable chin-chin samples could be produced opti-mally from rice-high quality cassava composite flour in a ratio of 60 to 40. However, it was also observed that chin-chin samples from 100% rice flour had the highest overall consumer acceptability and were more preferred by the consumers when compared with chin-chin samples from rice and the high-quality cassava composite flour.</p

Multi-Nutrient Fortified Dairy-Based Drink Reduces Anaemia without Observed Adverse Effects on Gut Microbiota in Anaemic Malnourished Nigerian Toddlers: A Randomised Dose–Response Study

Prevalence of anaemia among Nigerian toddlers is reported to be high, and may cause significant morbidity, affects brain development and function, and results in weakness and fatigue. Although, iron fortification can reduce anaemia, yet the effect on gut microbiota is unclear. This open-label randomised study in anaemic malnourished Nigerian toddlers aimed to decrease anaemia without affecting pathogenic gut bacteria using a multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drink. The test product was provided daily in different amounts (200, 400 or 600 mL, supplying 2.24, 4.48 and 6.72 mg of elemental iron, respectively) for 6 months. Haemoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein concentrations were measured to determine anaemia, iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) prevalence. Faecal samples were collected to analyse gut microbiota composition. All three dosages reduced anaemia prevalence, to 47%, 27% and 18%, respectively. ID and IDA prevalence was low and did not significantly decrease over time. Regarding gut microbiota, Enterobacteriaceae decreased over time without differences between groups, whereas Bifidobacteriaceae and pathogenic E. coli were not affected. In conclusion, the multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drink reduced anaemia in a dose-dependent way, without stimulating intestinal potential pathogenic bacteria, and thus appears to be safe and effective in treating anaemia in Nigerian toddlers