Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume

The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (rg =-0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness

Study of fault diagnosis of machineries using vibration and oil analysis

In today’s competitive Industrial environment, it is essential to achieve maximum availability of plant and machineries. The industrial equipments are subjected to a wide range of operating conditions and therefore the possibilities break down due to various inaccuracies and problems are quite significant. Therefore, a dynamic, predictive maintenance system based on machinery problem diagnosis is a must in ensuring a trouble free operation. While there are many methods of machinery fault diagnosis two of the most effective methods are vibration and oil analysis. Thus, the main objective of this research is to study vibration and oil analysis which predict the condition of the machines. The accurate measurement and correct interpretation of vibrations can help in precisely diagnosing machinery problems. Both, overall vibration and spectrum of vibrations are interpreted to find the faults of the separators at Kelanitissa Power Station of Ceylon Electricity Board. During normal machine operations small wear debris particles are generated. When abnormal wear begins, large debris particles are produced and the particle size and concentration increase gradually until the machine fails. Therefore, continuous monitoring of wear debris and critical lubricating oil properties are inspected to prevent catastrophic system failure of machines. Experimental analysis showed similar vibration results for both machines. Even though, the level of overall vibration exceeded used standard level, the machines are running well. Furthermore, the spectrum diagram of vibration shows some root cause which can be lead to failures in the future. In this stage, there is no sign of abnormal wear in the machines with the results of oil analysis. The principal conclusion is that both vibration and oil analysis techniques should be continued with some modifications to the time interval of oil analysis. Accurate prediction of prior notices of danger of failure could be expected with further collection and analysis of oil and vibration data