MEASURING SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY TO HEALTHCARE FACILITIES IN ISFAHAN METROPOLITAN AREA IN IRAN

Appropriate spatial accessibility to healthcare facilities is an important component of the efficient delivery of healthcare. This study aims to measure spatial accessibility to healthcare facilities in Isfahan Metropolitan Area, a rapidly growing megacity in Iran. We used two methods of population-weighted fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) to measure spatial accessibility to urban healthcare facilities, including hospitals, pharmacies, clinics, and laboratories. The results of these two methods were compared. Not surprisingly, the center of Isfahan has the highest accessibility scores for healthcare facilities, and the peripheral areas of the city have the lowest levels. Despite the existence of higher numbers of healthcare facilities in northern parts of Isfahan, accessibility to healthcare facilities is low because of the large population. Both methods show that healthcare services are not evenly distributed in Isfahan. Some areas with a high population have low accessibility to health facilities. Ideally, these areas would be prioritized for future health infrastructure investment. The methods used here can help urban healthcare policymakers identify spatial inequalities in access to care and thus target the areas in need

Insight into the mechanism of decarbonylation of methanol by ruthenium complexes; a deuterium labelling study

The authors thank Lucite international for funding.In the reaction of [RuHClP3] (P = PPh3) with NaOMe in methanol, the product is [RuH2(CO)P3]. Short reaction times show that the final product is formed through [RuH4P3] as the major intermediate. Using NaOCD3 in CD3OD, the first formed product is [RuH4P'3] (P' is PPh3 partially deuterated in the ortho positions of the aromatic rings). Further reaction leads to a mixture of [RuHnD2-n(CO)P3] (n = 0, 22 %; n = 1, 2 isomers each 28 %; n = 2, 22 %). Mechanistic aspects of both steps of the reaction are explored and, together with previously published calculations, they provide definitive mechanisms for both dehydrogenation and decarbonylation in these interesting systems.PostprintPeer reviewe

The mental health needs of women in natural disasters: A qualitative study with a preventive approach

Context: Considering the importance of psychological issues during disasters and the key role of women in the family and society, a preventive approach toward mental health improvement in women is of great importance. Aims: This study aimed to identify the mental health needs of women in natural disasters through a preventive approach. Settings and Design: The present qualitative study was conducted through content analysis method and semi-structured interviews with 40 specialists and seven women who had experienced natural disasters. The study participants were selected through snowball and purposive sampling. Subjects and Methods: A heterogeneous sample was selected. To ensure the reliability and verifiability of data, the texts of the interviews were approved by each interviewee. Statistical Analysis Used: Thematic analysis was used to report findings. Results: In this study, two themes, seven main categories, and 21 subcategories and secondary codes were extracted. The themes were internal physical (biological) and external environmental (social, political and legal measures, cultural and spiritual measures, psychology, and lifestyle) factors. Conclusions: The dimensions related to the mental health of women are multifactorial and beyond only psychological variables. The improvement of the mental health of women can be achieved through aggregation of perspectives in different organizational, governmental, and political areas in collaboration within the society with a healthy gender perspective free of discrimination, inequality, and injustice

Empowerment of women and mental health improvement with a Preventive approach

Aim and Background: Mental health and empowerment are two of the women's essential needs. These two related concepts play an important role in women's lives. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate empowerment of women and its relation with mental health problem prevention during difficult situations. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 33 experts in the fields of psychology, social sciences, women studies, medicine and crisis management specialists using snowball sampling in cities of Tehran, Isfahan, Tabriz, and Mashhad during the year 1395 (March 2016–March 2017). Samples were selected heterogeneously. The interview transcripts and codes were presented to the participants, and structural analysis was used for data evaluation. Results: The factors related to empowerment of women with consideration to their mental health were determined based on Longew theory and interviews and include: welfare (primary needs (biological and security) and developmental needs (social needs and dignity), access (facilities and values), knowledge (about inequalities and rights), participation (in politics, decision-making and society), and control (implementation and institutionalization of the above-mentioned needs). Conclusions: The indicators determined in this study show that empowerment has an important role in determining women's real position in society. Since women make up half of the population and affect society as a whole, the advantages of empowerment of women will be felt in the entire society

A cooperative pathway for water activation using a bimetallic Pt0-CuI system

A mixture of the platinum(0) complex [Pt(PtBu3)2] and tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(i) hexafluorophosphate in acetone activated a water molecule and gave the hydride platinum(ii) complex [PtH(CH3CN)(PtBu3)2]PF6, 1, and the hydroxide Cu(i) species. The crystal structure of complex 1 was determined by X-ray crystallography, indicating a distorted square planar geometry around the platinum center. Although three possible mechanisms are proposed for this transformation, monitoring of the reaction using NMR spectroscopy at low temperature reveals that a cooperative pathway involving formation of a Pt0-CuI dative bond complex is the most probable pathway. The hydride platinum complex 1 is stable in acidic and neutral conditions but undergoes intramolecular C-H activation in the presence of pyridine. Monitoring of the reaction using 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy shows that a cyclometalation reaction of one of the phosphine ligands is followed by displacement of a second phosphine ligand by pyridine to give the cyclometalated platinum(ii) complex, [Pt(\u3ba2PC-PtBu2CMe2CH2)(py)2], 4. The structure of 4 in solution and solid state phases was determined using NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, respectively