АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ДУХОВНОСТІ ОСОБИСТОСТІ В СИСТЕМІ ШКІЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ (Issues of the day of forming of spirituality of personality are in the system of school education)

Зниження рівня духовності суспільства трактується як ключ до ряду глобальних проблем. Проаналізовано ефективність християнського виховання як інтегративної навчальної дисципліни, яка є пусковим механізмом до підвищення духовності суспільства та зрештою – до вирішення глобальних проблем (The decline of level of spirituality of society is interpreted as a key to the row of global problems. Efficiency of christian education is analysed as integrativnoy of educational discipline which is a starting mechanism to the increase of spirituality of society and in the end – to the decision of global problems

The genome sequence of segmental allotetraploid peanut Arachis hypogaea

Like many other crops, the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is of hybrid origin and has a polyploid genome that contains essentially complete sets of chromosomes from two ancestral species. Here we report the genome sequence of peanut and show that after its polyploid origin, the genome has evolved through mobile-element activity, deletions and by the flow of genetic information between corresponding ancestral chromosomes (that is, homeologous recombination). Uniformity of patterns of homeologous recombination at the ends of chromosomes favors a single origin for cultivated peanut and its wild counterpart A. monticola. However, through much of the genome, homeologous recombination has created diversity. Using new polyploid hybrids made from the ancestral species, we show how this can generate phenotypic changes such as spontaneous changes in the color of the flowers. We suggest that diversity generated by these genetic mechanisms helped to favor the domestication of the polyploid A. hypogaea over other diploid Arachis species cultivated by humans

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy in unsuspected diabetes mellitus: a case report

Introduction. According to World Health Organization, nowadays, the amount of diabetic patients has exceeded 1,000 million people, equaling 3% of the Earth population. Unsuspected diabetes mellitus is a disease in a latent form without acute symptomatology. Purpose. To determine the etiology of retinopathy in the patients applied to the Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine. Material and Methods. Seven patients underwent the treatment at Department for Inflammatory Eye Diseases in the Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy. The patients complained of both distance and near visual loss. All patients were diagnosed proliferative DRP with neovascularization, hemorrhage, and exudates. Blood glucose tests were within normal ranges and did not exceed 5.8 mmol/l. In the course of the treatment, visual acuity improved by three lines, at an average. Conclusion. As a result of ophthalmic examination, ophthalmic diagnosis, and, afterwards, endocrinological examination, all patients were diagnosed diabetes mellitus in a latent form

Evolutionary convergence or homology? Comparative cytogenomics of Caesalpinia group species (Leguminosae) reveals diversification in the pericentromeric heterochromatic composition

The Caesalpinia Group includes 225 species and 27 monophyletic genera of which four occur in Northeastern Brazil: Erythrostemon (1 sp.), Cenostigma (7 spp.), Libidibia (1 sp.), and Paubrasilia (1 sp.). The last three genera are placed in different clades in the Caesalpinia Group phylogeny, and yet they are characterized by having a numerically stable karyotype 2n = 24 (16 M+8A) and GC-rich heterochromatic bands (chromomycin A3 positive/CMA+ bands) in the proximal chromosome regions. To characterize the composition of their heterochromatin and test for the homology of these chromosomal regions, genomic DNA was extracted from Cenostigma microphyllum, Libidibia ferrea, and Paubrasilia echinata, and sequenced at low coverage using the Illumina platform. The genomic repetitive fractions were characterized using a Galaxy/RepeatExplorer-Elixir platform. The most abundant elements of each genome were chromosomally located by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and compared to the CMA+ heterochromatin distribution. The repetitive fraction of the genomes of C. microphyllum, L. ferrea, and P. echinata were estimated to be 41.70%, 38.44%, and 72.51%, respectively. Ty3/Gypsy retrotransposons (RT), specifically the Tekay lineage, were the most abundant repeats in each of the three genomes. FISH mapping revealed species-specific patterns for the Tekay elements in the proximal regions of the chromosomes, co-localized with CMA+ bands. Other species-specific patterns were observed, e.g., for the Ty3/Gypsy RT Athila elements which were found in all the proximal heterochromatin of L. ferrea or restricted to the acrocentric chromosomes of C. microphyllum. This Athila labeling co-localized with satellite DNAs (satDNAs). Although the Caesalpinia Group diverged around 55 Mya, our results suggest an ancestral colonization of Tekay RT in the proximal heterochromatin. Thus, the present-day composition of the pericentromeric heterochromatin in these Northeast Brazilian species is a combination of the maintenance of an ancestral Tekay distribution with a species-specific accumulation of other repeats