Opium abuse and its problems in anesthesia practice: a review from bench to bedside

Opium is a derivative of opium poppy; the species of plant which its extract is used for preparing opium. Opium abuse is considered under drug dependency classification of psychiatric diseases and opium abusers have a number of major challenges before, during and after anesthesia for surgical operations (i.e. the perioperative period). This article reviews these clinical challenges during the perioperative period to discuss the new clinical findings for these patients and to demonstrate some of the main problems that physicians are encountered with.Keywords: opium, abuse, anesthesi

The immunologic basis of COVID-19: a clinical approach

The novel Severe Acute Respiratory Disease Corona Virus (SARS-CoV2) has leaded to a global infection and a pandemic afterwards. This pandemic is one of the greatest global challenges for the health system.In this review, the immunologic basis of the human body response after infection with SARS-CoV2 has been reviewed with discussions on both innate and adaptive immunity. Due to the relatively short time after appearance of the problem, the currently available evidence exclusively dealing with SARS-CoV2 and the SARS-CoV2 disease (COVID-19) are scant; especially in the field of cellular and molecular medicine; however, previous studies especially focusing on SARS-CoV and MERS are available. A full review on these topics is presented here.At the final part of the manuscript, involvement of the main human organs with COVID-19 is briefed

The molecular mechanisms of Vitamin D effects on alleviating premenstrual syndrome pain

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a hormone dependent pathophysiologic state with known somatic and affective symptoms. Vitamin D3 as a secosteroid hormone has different effects on several disorders. In this review, we declared some potential benefits of vitamin D3 regarding alleviation of PMS symptoms; also, we have reported the results of literature review about vitamin D and PMS

Sleep and anesthesia: can we use a physiologic model to decrease risks of a medical intervention

Anesthesiology is one of the most important creations of the modern science, basically based on the anesthetic drugs; however, there are a few concerns regarding the effects of the anesthetic drugs. Would there be any progress in the current trend of anesthesiology, both clinically and basically. There would be a possibility to use the physiologic mechanisms of sleep to be incorporated into clinical practice instead of pharmacologic agents in order to decrease their unwanted effects

Interdisciplinary approach and anesthesiology: is there any role?

One of the most important features of interdisciplinary research is "team working"; leading to multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary approaches in medical education. These approaches are applicable in research, education and service provision. There are a number of fields in anesthesiology that cope with the models that use disciplines; including novel anesthetic agents, pain clinics and pain management, pediatric anesthesia and a number of other distinct fields. Undoubtedly, other aspects of medical sciences are much involved in these areas

Antioxidant effect of genistein on ovarian tissue morphology, oxidant and antioxidant activity in rats with induced polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Oxidative stress is the most frequent cause of female infertility disorders including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Genistein as a major component of soybean isoflavone scavenges free radicals by antioxidant activities. Objective: The present study examines the antioxidant effects of genistein on ovarian tissue following experimental PCOS in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty female Wistar rat were randomly divided into the following groups (n=5 each group): (I) control group (no treatment); (II) induced PCOS (injection of estradiol valerate); (III) genistein-treated non-PCOS (received genistein); and (IV) genistein-treated PCOS groups. The weight of rats were measured and the blood samples collected and centrifuged. The oxidant and antioxidant activity of plasma and ovaries were measured. All rats were sacrificed under anesthesia, and ovaries were collected and weighted. Histological examination and follicular qualitywere assessed by staining. Results: In histological observation, the induced PCOS rats displayed more number of atretic follicles and the follicular quality in genistein-treated rats was similar to the control groups. The plasma and ovaries malondialdehyde levels significantly increased in PCOS rats (p < 0.001), while the total antioxidant capacity levels, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities significantly decreased (p < 0.001). The plasma and ovary  malondialdehyde levels significantly decreased in PCOS rats that were treated with genistein (p < 0.001) and the total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities significantly increased (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Treatment with genistein preserved follicular quality by increasing antioxidant activities and scavenging oxidant levels in PCOS rats. Key words: Genistein, Antioxidant, Ovary, Polycystic, Follicle, Rats

Purification of Human Serum Albumin by Ion Exchange Chromatography

Introduction: Albumin, one of the most important plasma proteins, has a difficult process of synthesis and production. We compared two different methods for albumin purification: Carboxymethyl cellulose (CM cellulose) resin exchange and Diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE cellulose) resin exchange in order to determine which resin could be more beneficial.Materials and methods: two ion exchange resins were used DEAE cellulose resin and CM cellulose resin. All resins were recruited according to the standard preparation protocol. The final results were analyzed using SDS-PAGE technique.Results: in DEAE Cellulose resin, nearly more than 75% of the purified protein was albumin; while, in CM cellulose resin, more than 90% was albumin.Conclusion: albumin purification using CM cellulose resin is much more efficacious compared to DEAE cellulose resin. Though significant laboratory findings were demonstrated in this study, clinical studies are needed to confirm clinical outcomes.

Effect of Local Fibrinogen Administration on Postoperative Bleeding in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients

Background: There are always concerns regarding postoperative bleeding in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients; several different strategies have been used to compensate for it and to reduce the amount of blood transfusion. We designed this study to investigate local fibrinogen conditions in postoperative bleeding in adult patients undergoing CABG. Materials and Methods: In a double-blind clinical trial, after matching the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 50 patients entered the study. Pre- and postoperative data, including clinical and laboratory variables were assessed. Among them, preoperative and postoperative fibrinogen levels were measured. One group received 1g fibrinogen as a 50mL solution flushed over the epicardium before sternal closure; the other received 50mL normal saline as a placebo in the same method. Results: No difference between the two groups regarding preoperative and postoperative fibrinogen levels. Also, the two groups were the same regarding PT, PTT, INR, and platelet. However, bleeding was less and hematocrit level was higher in the local fibrinogen group. Conclusion: Local fibrinogen could decrease postoperative bleeding in CABG patients leading to decreased need for blood transfusion. &nbsp

The landscape of non-coding RNAs in the immunopathogenesis of Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a complex disorder that is characterized by the abnormal growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. It is associated with chronic inflammation, severe pelvic pain, infertility, and significantly reduced quality of life. Although the exact mechanism of endometriosis remains unknown, inflammation and altered immunity are considered key factors in the immunopathogenesis of the disorder. Disturbances of immune responses result in reduced clearance of regurgitated endometrial cells, which elicits oxidative stress and progression of inflammation. Proinflammatory mediators could affect immune cells’ recruitment, fate, and function. Reciprocally, the activation of immune cells can promote inflammation. Aberrant expression of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in patient and animal lesions could be suggestive of their role in endometriosis establishment. The engagement of these RNAs in regulating diverse biological processes, including inflammatory responses and activation of inflammasomes, altered immunity, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis are widespread and far-reaching. Therefore, ncRNAs can be identified as a determining candidate regulating the inflammatory responses and immune system. This review aims in addition to predict the role of ncRNAs in the immunopathogenesis of endometriosis through regulating inflammation and altered immunity based on previous studies, it presents a comprehensive view of inflammation role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis