Plasma level of interleukin 37 in children with primary immune thrombocytopenia

Background: Interleukin (IL)-37, a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine previously known as interleukin-1 family member 7 before it was renamed, has a pivotal role in the suppression of immune responses. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the expression of IL-37 and its potential role in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Patients and Methods: The study was carried out in Zagazig University Hospital, Pediatric Department. The total sample size was 60 participants divided into 4 groups. They were 45 patients (15 patients with newly diagnosed ITP, 15 patients with complete remission after 1st line therapy and 15 patients with chronic ITP) and 15 age - sex matched healthy children as a control group.Results: Our study showed that the mean value of age among patients group was (6.89± 4.13) with female predominance than males (60%). The current work showed that regarding history of bleeding tendency it was present in 45 (100%). This study showed the bone marrow examination was done for 8 of our patients (17.8%) and revealed hypercellular megakaryopoiesis. In the current study there was no statistically significant difference between patients group and control group regarding hemoglobin (HB) and white blood cells (WBC). Our study showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between IL 37 level and platelets in patients group.Conclusion: Accumulating evidence suggests that serum level of IL 37 has a pivotal role in autoimmune diseases. In the present study, the expression of IL-37 in ITP patients was evaluated for the first time in Egypt, but no significant abnormal expression of IL-37 was identified in these patients. It was therefore concluded that serum level of IL 37 may not have a pivotal role in the development of ITP

Recommendations for dealing with waste contaminated with Ebola virus: a Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points approach

Objective To assess, within communities experiencing Ebola virus outbreaks, the risks associated with the disposal of human waste and to generate recommendations for mitigating such risks. Methods A team with expertise in the Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points framework identified waste products from the care of individuals with Ebola virus disease and constructed, tested and confirmed flow diagrams showing the creation of such products. After listing potential hazards associated with each step in each flow diagram, the team conducted a hazard analysis, determined critical control points and made recommendations to mitigate the transmission risks at each control point. Findings The collection, transportation, cleaning and shared use of blood-soiled fomites and the shared use of latrines contaminated with blood or bloodied faeces appeared to be associated with particularly high levels of risk of Ebola virus transmission. More moderate levels of risk were associated with the collection and transportation of material contaminated with bodily fluids other than blood, shared use of latrines soiled with such fluids, the cleaning and shared use of fomites soiled with such fluids, and the contamination of the environment during the collection and transportation of blood-contaminated waste. Conclusion The risk of the waste-related transmission of Ebola virus could be reduced by the use of full personal protective equipment, appropriate hand hygiene and an appropriate disinfectant after careful cleaning. Use of the Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points framework could facilitate rapid responses to outbreaks of emerging infectious disease

MERS-CoV in Camels but Not Camel Handlers, Sudan, 2015 and 2017

We tested samples collected from camels, camel workers, and other animals in Sudan and Qatar in 2015 and 2017 for evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. MERS-CoV antibodies were abundant in Sudan camels, but we found no evidence of MERS-CoV infection in camel workers, other livestock, or bats

MERS-CoV in Camels but Not Camel Handlers, Sudan, 2015 and 2017.

We tested samples collected from camels, camel workers, and other animals in Sudan and Qatar in 2015 and 2017 for evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. MERS-CoV antibodies were abundant in Sudan camels, but we found no evidence of MERS-CoV infection in camel workers, other livestock, or bats