The role of basic fibroblast growth factor in the survival of rostral and caudal cells in the developing cerebral cortex of the rat: An in vitro study

The cerebral cortex is generated through the proliferation of the epithelium lining the lateral ventricles of the telencephalon. Although the ventricular epithelium (VE) has a uniform appearance, evidence is mounting to suggest that the VE is heterogeneous population of cells. In support of this, we have demonstrated that dissociated cell cultures prepared from rostral regions of the embryonic cortex undergo cell death whilst their caudal counterparts survive for longer periods. Furthermore, our experiments have shown that in co-cultures, caudally derived cells are able to rescue rostral sister cells. This suggests that a factor is present in caudal cortical cells that is able to promote the survival of rostral cells. Evidence from basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) knockout animals has shown that there is a significant reduction in the thickness of the cerebral cortex indicating that bFGF may be one such signalling molecule. In an effort to identify neurotrophic factors involved in the survival of these cortical cells, we applied a range of growth factors and neurotrophins including bFGF to rostral cultures derived from embryonic day 17 cortices. Only bFGF significantly rescued the rostral cortical cells indicating that bFGF is a candidate factor produced by caudal cells. Caudal cells treated with genistein, to block the effects of bFGF, survived for shorter period than the untreated control cultures. We have described the distribution of FGFR 1 receptor and bFGF in rostral and caudal cortical cultures using immunocytochemistry. Western blotting and in situ hybridisation. We propose that caudal cells produce bFGF which acts in an autocrine manner to maintain their survival and is also the factor likely to be affecting rostral cells in vivo

A Genre Analysis of Preface Sections of Textbook

This study aims to analyze  the preface section of the fifteen English academic text book related to the field of linguistics. Researcher adapted the move structure pattern proposed by Abdollahzadeh &Salarvan (2013) on the notion of Swales (1990) and Bhatia (1993).Fourteen moves were identified employed by preface authors to indicate different rhetorical purpose i.e. introducing the work, specifying the purpose, describing the book, identifying the readership, expression of gratitude and accepting the shortcoming in writing etc. The result revealed that preface writers focused more on move one, three and move seven. Distribution of moves varies from writer to writer. None of the writers applied the move six which is related to eliciting response from readers. The findings of the study can be helpful for teachers in teaching the structure of the genre. Moreover ,the study can be beneficial for students for developing awareness  of the content from the text books. Keywords: Book prefaces, Genre analysis, Academic book

Thrombocytopenia in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Role of Platelet Transfusion

Background: To determine frequency of thrombocytopenia in NICU and to find outcome of neonates receiving multiple platelet transfusion Methods: In this cross sectional study, neonates with thrombocytopenia , admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were included. Two milliliter of blood was collected in EDTA bottle and kept on a roller mixer for mixing until a platelet count done by automated haematology analyzer. Stained film was examined under light microscope to rule out platelet clumps and to ensure that platelets had been spread evenly before actual count was done. At least two platelet readings were taken during admission. Platelets were transfused to neonates at platelet count less than 50,000. Any mortality in neonates receiving platelet transfusion was recorded during hospital stay. Results:The mean age of neonates was 2.92±2.20 days, 63.2% were male and 36.8% were females. Thrombocytopenia was present in 41.4%, percentage of neonates. Platelet transfusions were administered to 12.7% and recorded mortality was 4.5%. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia in neonates at NICU is higher while the outcome of neonates receiving platelet transfusion is appreciable

Use of Chorionic Villous Sampling for Prenatal Diagnosis of Beta Thalassaemia: Attitudes and Practices of Parents

To assess the attitudes and practices of parents of Beta-Thalassaemia Major children regarding Chorionic Villous Sampling (CVS), as prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancies.Methods: In this cross-sectional study a pre-designed questionnaire was used to evaluate the socio-demographic profile and attitudes of parents of 210 registered thalassaemic children, regarding CVS.Only those parents who had one or more pregnancies after the index case were included in the study. Results were entered and analyzed on SPSS version 20.Results: After the index case, 36.2% parents underwent CVS in all subsequent pregnancies . The common reasons not to utilize this facility were lack of knowledge (47.7%), careless attitude (41.7%), family pressure (4.4%) and financial issues (1.5%). Religious reason was not found in any of the cases. Majority of the families (54.3%) belonged to lower middle class financial status. There was a significant association between CVS practice and educational level of the mother and genetic counselling at the time of diagnosis of index case. In future pregnancies, 52.8% parents had no planning, while 15.7% showed interest in undergoing CVS in next pregnancies.Conclusion: Despite the availability of CVS in the country, very few families had opted for it; the major reasons being lack of knowledge, careless attitude and family pressure. As against the common thought, religious reason was not a significant factor

Clinico- haematological spectrum of females with inherited Bleeding Disorders

Background: Inherited bleeding disorders in females are under-diagnosed, eventually leading to multiple problems. This situation is further worsened by the inadequate information , non – availability of diagnostic facilities and low awareness on the clinical side Methods: In this non – interventional descriptive study , females with inherited bleeding disorders were assessed. Clinical presentations, demographic data and management received was recorded. Complete blood counts, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and platelet function studies were performed, where required.. Results: In all the patients with inherited bleeding disorders , females constituted 16.85%. von Willebrand disease was the commonest (50.84%) out of all inherited bleeding disorders in females. In rest of the females autosomal recessive coagulation defects and platelet function defects constituted 25.42% and 23.72%, respectively. Majority of the females (83.04%) were below 17 years of age. Menorrhagia (46.87%) was the commonest clinical episode. Spontaneous bleed was seen in 95% episodes. Majority of the episodes (94.14%) were soft tissue bleeding episodes and joint bleeds were minimal (5.68%). Tranexamic acid was the most commonly used therapeutic agent . Surgical intervention was employed in 18 episodes. Conclusion: Females with inherited bleeding disorders have severely impaired quality of life , fail to get proper management and go through unwanted surgeries ( D&C; Hysterectomies)

Factors Effecting Investment Decision Making Behavior: The Mediating Role of Information Searches

This study investigates the factors effecting the investment decision making behavior through the mediation role of information searches. Two factors i.e. overconfidence bias and economic expectations are used as independent variables while investment decision making behavior is taken as dependent variable. Information search is used as mediating variable. For this purpose, a survey questionnaire was used to test the hypotheses. The population in this survey was investors of Lahore Stock Exchange of Pakistan and Faisalabad Trading Floor. Total 270 questionnaires were distributed; only 245 of them were received back 11 were not included in the analyses as they were incomplete. Hence, 229 questionnaires were used in the analyses. Simple and multiple regression analysis were used as statistical tool. The results showed positive and significant relationship between economic expectations and investment decision making behavior but when information search was included as mediator the relationship became insignificant and negative; which suggests full mediation in case of economic expectations. Overconfidence bias was also found to have positive and significant relationship with investment decision making behavior which remained significant when information search was added as mediator; suggesting a partial mediation in case of overconfidence

A Corpus Based Study of Distribution of Preposition in Pakistani and British Englishes

The present study, in the context of World Englishes, explores the distribution of preposition across two varieties of English i.e. Pakistani and British Englishes. It is a corpus based research and studies the frequency of preposition along with its types and (un)shared prepositions in the said varieties. These varieties of English have been studied using Lancaster- Oslo-Bergen (LOB), Freiburg LOB (FLOB) and Pakistani Written English corpus (PWE) respectively. CLAWS Tagger 7 and Antconc.3.3.5 have been used as research tools. The corpus methodology has contributed significantly to gain objective and quantitative findings. In Pakistani English the preposition has been found to be used more frequently than in the British variety. There have been found no significant differences between the numbers of the types of preposition. The findings of the study correspond closely to that of Mindt and Weber’s study (1989) conducted on the prepositional distribution in American and British Englishes. Keywords: Pakistani English; World Englishes; Preposition; Corpus based study

Factors Effecting Investment Decision Making Behavior: The Mediating Role of Information Searches

This study investigates the factors effecting the investment decision making behavior through the mediation role of information searches. Two factors i.e. overconfidence bias and economic expectations are used as independent variables while investment decision making behavior is taken as dependent variable. Information search is used as mediating variable. For this purpose, a survey questionnaire was used to test the hypotheses. The population in this survey was investors of Lahore Stock Exchange of Pakistan and Faisalabad Trading Floor. Total 270 questionnaires were distributed; only 245 of them were received back 11 were not included in the analyses as they were incomplete. Hence, 229 questionnaires were used in the analyses. Simple and multiple regression analysis were used as statistical tool. The results showed positive and significant relationship between economic expectations and investment decision making behavior but when information search was included as mediator the relationship became insignificant and negative; which suggests full mediation in case of economic expectations. Overconfidence bias was also found to have positive and significant relationship with investment decision making behavior which remained significant when information search was added as mediator; suggesting a partial mediation in case of overconfidence

Field Emission Behaviour of the Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) System

Single wall carbon nanotubes have been grown on Fe using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) system. The thickness of the Fe film prepared by RF sputtering system was about 10 nm. The field emission characteristic was measured which showed good enhancement factor. The grown CNTs were characterized by various techniques such as SEM, Raman study etc. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3100