Stochastic RUL calculation enhanced with TDNN-based IGBT failure modeling

Power electronics are widely used in the transport and energy sectors. Hence, the reliability of these power electronic components is critical to reducing the maintenance cost of these assets. It is vital that the health of these components is monitored for increasing the safety and availability of a system. The aim of this paper is to develop a prognostic technique for estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) of power electronic components. There is a need for an efficient prognostic algorithm that is embeddable and able to support on-board real-time decision-making. A time delay neural network (TDNN) is used in the development of failure modes for an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). Initially, the time delay neural network is constructed from training IGBTs' ageing samples. A stochastic process is performed for the estimation results to compute the probability of the health state during the degradation process. The proposed TDNN fusion with a statistical approach benefits the probability distribution function by improving the accuracy of the results of the TDDN in RUL prediction. The RUL (i.e., mean and confidence bounds) is then calculated from the simulation of the estimated degradation states. The prognostic results are evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE) and relative accuracy (RA) prognostic evaluation metrics

A novel intermittent fault detection algorithm and health monitoring for electronic interconnections

There are various occurrences and root causes that result in no-fault-found (NFF) events but an intermittent fault (IF) is the most frustrating. This paper describes the challenging and most important area of an IF detection and health monitoring that focuses toward NFF situation in electronics interconnections. The experimental work focuses on mechanically-induced intermittent conditions in connectors. This paper illustrates a test regime, which can be used to repeatedly reproduce intermittence in electronic connectors, while subjected to vibration. A novel algorithm is used to detect an IF in interconnection. It sends a sine wave and decodes the received signal for intermittent information from the channel. This algorithm has been simulated to capture an IF signature using PSpice (electronic circuit simulation software). A simulated circuit is implemented for practical verification. However, measurements are presented using an oscilloscope. The results of this experiment provide an insight into the limitations of existing test equipment and requirements for future IF detection techniques. Aside from scheduled maintenance, this paper considers the possibility for in-service intermittent detection to be built into future systems, i.e., can IFs be captured without external test gear

A Carrier Signal Approach for Intermittent Fault Detection and Health Monitoring for Electronics Interconnections System

Abstract: Intermittent faults are completely missed out by traditional monitoring and detection techniques due to non-stationary nature of signals. These are the incipient events of a precursor of permanent faults to come. Intermittent faults in electrical interconnection are short duration transients which could be detected by some specific techniques but these do not provide enough information to understand the root cause of it. Due to random and non-predictable nature, the intermittent faults are the most frustrating, elusive, and expensive faults to detect in interconnection system. The novel approach of the author injects a fixed frequency sinusoidal signal into electronics interconnection system that modulates intermittent fault if persist. Intermittent faults and other channel effects are computed from received signal by demodulation and spectrum analysis. This paper describes technology for intermittent fault detection, and classification of intermittent fault, and channel characterization. The paper also reports the functionally tests of computational system of the proposed methods. This algorithm has been tested using experimental setup. It generate an intermittent signal by external vibration stress on connector and intermittency is detected by acquiring and processing propagating signal. The results demonstrate to detect and classify intermittent interconnection and noise variations due to intermittency. Monitoring the channel in-situ with low amplitude, and narrow band signal over electronics interconnection between a transmitter and a receiver provides the most effective tool for continuously watching the wire system for the random, unpredictable intermittent faults, the precursor of failure. - See more at: http://thesai.org/Publications/ViewPaper?Volume=6&Issue=12&Code=ijacsa&SerialNo=20#sthash.8RXsdW0t.dpu

Computationally efficient, real-time, and embeddable prognostic techniques for power electronics

Power electronics are increasingly important in new generation vehicles as critical safety mechanical subsystems are being replaced with more electronic components. Hence, it is vital that the health of these power electronic components is monitored for safety and reliability on a platform. The aim of this paper is to develop a prognostic approach for predicting the remaining useful life of power electronic components. The developed algorithms must also be embeddable and computationally efficient to support on-board real-time decision making. Current state-of-the-art prognostic algorithms, notably those based on Markov models, are computationally intensive and not applicable to real-time embedded applications. In this paper, an isolated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is used as a case study for prognostic development. The proposed approach is developed by analyzing failure mechanisms and statistics of IGBT degradation data obtained from an accelerated aging experiment. The approach explores various probability distributions for modeling discrete degradation profiles of the IGBT component. This allows the stochastic degradation model to be efficiently simulated, in this particular example ~1000 times more efficiently than Markov approaches

A survey on CAN bus protocol: attacks, challenges, and potential solutions

The vehicles are equipped with electronic control units that control their functions. These units communicate with each other via in-vehicle communication protocols like CAN bus. Although CAN is the most common in-vehicle communication protocol, its lack of encryption and authentication can cause serious security shortcomings. In the literature, many attacks are reported related to CAN bus and the number increases with rising connectivity in the cars. In this paper, we present CAN protocol and analyze its security vulnerabilities. Then we survey the implemented attacks and proposed solutions in the literature

Hardware trojans and smart manufacturing – a hardware security perspective

Integrated Circuits (ICs) are the cardinal elements of modern electrical, electronic and electro-mechanical systems. Amid global outsourcing of ICs' design and fabrication and their growing applications in smart manufacturing or Industrie 4.0, various hardware security threats and issues of trust have also emerged. IC piracy, counterfeiting, and hardware Trojans (HTs) are some of the key hardware threats that merit the attention of manufacturing community. It is worth noting that the lower abstraction levels (ICs) are falsely assumed to operate securely. The proposition, therefore, is that if an operating system (higher abstraction level) is considered to be secure while operating on a compromised IC (lower abstraction level), would it be prudent to regard this implementation as secure? The purpose of this paper is to highlight IC level threats with an emphasis on hardware Trojans that pose a significant threat to smart manufacturing environment in the wake of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

Experiment results of failure progression from low power wires

Despite various studies that have been conducted so far on the failure of high power cables, failure progression in low power cables, wires and interconnections have not been well understood yet. In general, it is hypothesised that failures of wires are progressed from random intermittent failures that are gradually developed as hard faults. This paper aims to present a test rig and possible test techniques that can be used for testing the failure progression of wires and interconnections. Research presented in this paper is based on tools, equipment and techniques that facilitate various ageing mechanisms needed to capture proper and right failure patterns from low power cables, wires and interconnections. Paper originally presented at the 5th International Conference in Through-life Engineering Services Cranfield University, 1st and 2nd November 2016

Cómputo con palabras para la evaluación de pares estudiantiles en presentaciones orales

La evaluación por pares en una presentación oral puede motivar y dar más sentido de responsabilidad a los estudiantes. En los últimos años, se han propuesto varios métodos para evaluar a los pares. En este artículo, se propone un método novedoso de evaluación en línea entre pares para la presentación oral utilizando la computación perceptiva. El resultado del sistema propuesto puede ser una puntuación numérica para la evaluación general de un estudiante en la presentación, que permite comparar y clasificar el desempeño del estudiante. además, del sistema se obtiene una evaluación lingüística que describe el desempeño del alumno. Se ha realizado un estudio de caso para mostrar la efectividad del método propuesto, luego se analizan y revisan los resultado

Cómputo con palabras para la evaluación de pares estudiantiles en presentaciones orales

Peer assessment in an oral presentation can motivate and give more sense of responsibility to students. In recent years, various methods have been proposed to evaluate peers. In this paper, a novel peer online assessment method is proposed for oral presentation using perceptual computing. The output of the proposed system can be a numerical score for the overall assessment of a student in the presentation, which allows comparison and ranking of student performance. Furthermore, a linguistic evaluation that describes the student's performance is obtained from the system. A case study has been conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method; then the results are analyzed and reviewed.La evaluación por pares en una presentación oral puede motivar y dar más sentido de responsabilidad a los estudiantes. En los últimos años, se han propuesto varios métodos para evaluar a los pares. En este artículo, se propone un método novedoso de evaluación en línea entre pares para la presentación oral utilizando la computación perceptiva. El resultado del sistema propuesto puede ser una puntuación numérica para la evaluación general de un estudiante en la presentación, que permite comparar y clasificar el desempeño del estudiante. además, del sistema se obtiene una evaluación lingüística que describe el desempeño del alumno. Se ha realizado un estudio de caso para mostrar la efectividad del método propuesto, luego se analizan y revisan los resultados