Tecnologia como participacão de capital

Tratar-se-á aqui de tecnologia como meio de importação de capital, vale dizer, da tecnologia como participação de capital. Nas companhias que se instituem, esse método pode ser substancial para o desenvolvimento global da economia.Número padronizado: v. 40, n. 3 (1983)Revista do Serviço Público, ano 40 v.111, n. 3, p. 58-59Política ExternaPolíticas EconômicasISSN eletrônico: 2357-8017ISSN impresso: 0034-924

Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Leafy Vegetables in Benha, Egypt

This study evaluated the degree of parasitic contamination of vegetables which are commercialized and consumed fresh in Benha, Egypt. It included 530 vegetables: lettuce, watercress, parsley, green onion, and leek. Vegetables were collected randomly from markets within Benha. Samples were washed in saline, and the resulting washing solution was filtered and centrifuged to concentrate the parasitic stages. Sediments and supernatants were examined by iodine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears. Intestinal parasites were detected in 157/530 (29.6%) samples. Giardia lamblia cysts were the most prevalent parasite (8.8%) followed by Entamoeba spp. cysts (6.8%), Enterobius vermicularis eggs (4.9%), various helminth larvae (3.6%), Hymenolepis nana eggs (2.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta eggs (2.1%), and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (0.6%). The highest contaminated vegetable was lettuce (45.5%) followed by watercress (41.3%), parsley (34.3%), green onion (16.5%), and leek (10.7%). These results indicate a significant seasonal variation ( < 0.05), with highest prevalence in summer (49%) and the lowest in winter (10.8%). These findings provide evidence for the high risk of acquiring parasitic infection from the consumption of raw vegetables in Benha, Egypt. Effective measures are necessary to reduce parasitic contamination of vegetables

Stakeholder perspectives on fostering the water-energy-food nexus in Jordan:Lessons beyond agricultural water management

The water–energy–food (WEF) nexus is an integrated conceptual tool for achieving sustainable development especially for countries facing limitations in one or more of its three pillars. The approach relies on bringing different stakeholders from the water, agriculture and energy sectors together to collaboratively plan and adopt a holistic approach to resources management. This enables them to address sector-specific issues and develop a comprehensive understanding of the connected sectors leading to better outcomes. However, WEF nexus implementation is currently in its infancy in many countries and stakeholders are in the process of learning how to effectively communicate and collaborate with each other. In this paper, we report the state of the WEF nexus in Jordan, a dry country grappling with water, energy and food production challenges in a changing climate. Stakeholders from line ministries, academics, private sector players and non-state actors were brought together to discuss the status of the WEF nexus and identify challenges that need to be overcome for full realization of the WEF nexus as an operational framework for integrated development at country level. Stakeholders identified 7 cardinal lessons in the process of WEF nexus implementation in Jordan. These are that (i) data/information sharing is vital (ii) WEF nexus requires funding, (iii) collaborations among actors is key, (iv) inclusivity in planning is necessary, (v) clear responsibilities and boundaries among stakeholders are needed, (vi) sustainability and cohesion are a must and (vii) building trust among and within organizations is a primary ingredient for success. A deeper understanding of the interrelated dynamics of these challenges is required to foster the WEF nexus in Jordan as the issues are grave but not insurmountable. It is therefore suggested that deliberate efforts are needed from a technical and policy angle to ensure full operationalization of the WEF nexus approach in Jordan and elsewher

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Tecnologia como participação de capital

Tratar-se-á aqui de tecnologia como meio de importação de capital, vale dizer, da tecnologia como participação de capital. Nas companhias que se instituem, esse método pode ser substancial para o desenvolvimento global da economia. </jats:p

Tecnologia como participacão de capital

Tratar-se-á aqui de tecnologia como meio de importação de capital, vale dizer, da tecnologia como participação de capital. Nas companhias que se instituem, esse método pode ser substancial para o desenvolvimento global da economia.Número padronizado: v. 40, n. 3 (1983)Revista do Serviço Público, ano 40 v.111, n. 3, p. 58-59Política ExternaPolíticas EconômicasISSN eletrônico: 2357-8017ISSN impresso: 0034-924

A importância da escolha da lei do contrato internacional

Em geral, os contratos internacionais são bem delineados e até se diz que eles formam a lei dos contratos e por isso não é necessário a opção por um contrato padrão. Mas eu acho que é muito importante essa opção porque ela preenche um vácuo que existia na contratação por falta de clareza. Se tomarmos, por exemplo, a cláusula da força maior, que ontem discutimos, e um contrato não a contiver, o que acontece? A lei aplicável definirá então quando a força maior vai funcionar, qual a sua finalidade, o que se entende por força maior e tudo mais a respeito. Se, por hipótese, pegarmos um contrato feito com uma companhia do setor público, será que poderemos considerar um ato governamental como um caso de força maior? Tudo dependerá da lei aplicável. Assim, por exemplo, em 1980 foi tomada uma deliberação pela Câmara dos Lordes com uma maioria de quatro juízes. Aí se considerou que um ato do governo que impediu a empresa pública de executar o seu contrato é um caso de força maior. Por isso, quando estamos negociando um contrato, precisamos saber com que tipo de setor público estamos tratando, se ele se identifica com o próprio governo ou se existe uma entidade legal independente do governo.</jats:p

A importância da escolha da lei do contrato internacional

Em geral, os contratos internacionais são bem delineados e até se diz que eles formam a lei dos contratos e por isso não é necessário a opção por um contrato padrão.Número padronizado: v. 40, n. 3 (1983)Revista do Serviço Público, ano 40 v.111, n. 3, p. 80-81DesenvolvimentoISSN eletrônico: 2357-8017ISSN impresso: 0034-924