Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Pernikahan Beda Agama di Indonesia

Marriage is a dimension of life that has religious value and is very important. Marriage is basically considered a sacred and holy thing, so that in each of these religions it relates the rules of marriage to their respective religions. The rules regarding marriage are contained in Law Number 1 of 1974. Based on Article 1 of Law Number 1 of 1974, marriage is a physical and spiritual bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy and eternal family (household). based on the belief in the One and Only God. To support this writing, the authors use normative research, the type of data is primary and secondary legal materials. Using qualitative data analysis techniques. There are six religions in Indonesia, each of which has its own views on interfaith marriage, and it can be concluded that each of these six religions basically does not allow interfaith marriage

A Bitter Taste Receptor as a Novel Molecular Target on Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) execute diverse and complex functions in cancer progression. While reprogramming the crosstalk between CAFs and cancer epithelial cells is a promising avenue to evade the adverse effects of stromal depletion, drugs are limited by their suboptimal pharmacokinetics and off-target effects. Thus, there is a need to elucidate CAF-selective cell surface markers that can improve drug delivery and efficacy. Here, functional proteomic pulldown with mass spectrometry was used to identify taste receptor type 2 member 9 (TAS2R9) as a CAF target. TAS2R9 target characterization included binding assays, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and database mining. Liposomes conjugated to a TAS2R9-specific peptide were generated, characterized, and compared to naked liposomes in a murine pancreatic xenograft model. Proof-of-concept drug delivery experiments demonstrate that TAS2R9-targeted liposomes bind with high specificity to TAS2R9 recombinant protein and exhibit stromal colocalization in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model. Furthermore, the delivery of a CXCR2 inhibitor by TAS2R9-targeted liposomes significantly reduced cancer cell proliferation and constrained tumor growth through the inhibition of the CXCL-CXCR2 axis. Taken together, TAS2R9 is a novel cell-surface CAF-selective target that can be leveraged to facilitate small-molecule drug delivery to CAFs, paving the way for new stromal therapies

Additional file 1 of Examining oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) literacy among participants in an HIV vaccine trial preparedness cohort study

In-depth interview guide for development of an HIV Negative Registration Cohort for Future Participation in an HIV Vaccine Study

HIV disease progression among women following seroconversion during a tenofovir-based HIV prevention trial.

CAPRISA, 2017.Abstract available in pdf

nSeP: immune and metabolic biomarkers for early detection of neonatal sepsis-protocol for a prospective multicohort study

Introduction Diagnosing neonatal sepsis is heavily dependent on clinical phenotyping as culture-positive body fluid has poor sensitivity, and existing blood biomarkers have poor specificity. A combination of machine learning, statistical and deep pathway biology analyses led to the identification of a tripartite panel of biologically connected immune and metabolic markers that showed greater than 99% accuracy for detecting bacterial infection with 100% sensitivity. The cohort study described here is designed as a large-scale clinical validation of this previous work. Methods and analysis This multicentre observational study will prospectively recruit a total of 1445 newborn infants (all gestations)—1084 with suspected early—or late-onset sepsis, and 361 controls—over 4 years. A small volume of whole blood will be collected from infants with suspected sepsis at the time of presentation. This sample will be used for integrated transcriptomic, lipidomic and targeted proteomics profiling. In addition, a subset of samples will be subjected to cellular phenotype and proteomic analyses. A second sample from the same patient will be collected at 24 hours, with an opportunistic sampling for stool culture. For control infants, only one set of blood and stool sample will be collected to coincide with clinical blood sampling. Along with detailed clinical information, blood and stool samples will be analysed and the information will be used to identify and validate the efficacy of immune-metabolic networks in the diagnosis of bacterial neonatal sepsis and to identify new host biomarkers for viral sepsis

Examining oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) literacy among participants in an HIV vaccine trial preparedness cohort study

Background: PrEP literacy is influenced by many factors including the types of information available and how it is interpreted. The level of PrEP literacy may influence acceptability and uptake. Methods: We conducted 25 in-depth interviews in a HIV vaccine trial preparedness cohort study. We explored what participants knew about PrEP, sources of PrEP knowledge and how much they know about PrEP. We used the framework approach to generate themes for analysis guided by the Social Ecological Model and examined levels of PrEP literacy using the individual and interpersonal constructs of the SEM. Results: We found that PrEP awareness is strongly influenced by external factors such as social media and how much participants know about HIV treatment and prevention in the local community. However, while participants highlighted the importance of the internet/social media as a source of information about PrEP they talked of low PrEP literacy in their communities. Participants indicated that their own knowledge came as a result of joining the HIV vaccine trial preparedness study. However, some expressed doubts about the effectiveness of the drug and worried about side effects. Participants commented that at the community level PrEP was associated with being sexually active, because it was used to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV. As a result, some participants commented that one could feel judged by the health workers for asking for PrEP at health facilities in the community. Conclusion: The information collected in this study provided an understanding of the different layers of influence around individuals that are important to address to improve PrEP acceptability and uptake. Our findings can inform strategies to address the barriers to PrEP uptake, particularly at structural and community levels. Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0406688

The pathophysiology of Post SSRI Sexual Dysfunction: Lessons from a case study

BACKGROUND: Although Post-SSRI Sexual Dysfunction (PSSD) has finally been recognized by the European Medicines Agency as a medical condition that can outlast discontinuation of SSRI and SNRI antidepressants, this condition is still largely unknown by patients, doctors, and researchers, and hence, poorly understood, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. OBJECTIVE: Becoming familiar with the symptomatology of PSSD and understanding the underlying mechanisms and treatment options. METHOD: We applied a design thinking approach to innovation to 1) provide insights into the medical condition as well as the personal needs and pains of a targeted patient; and 2) generate ideas for new solutions from the perspective of this particular patient. These insights and ideas informed a literature search on the potential pathophysiological mechanisms that could underlie the patient's symptoms. RESULTS: The 55-year-old male patient developed symptoms of low libido, delayed ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, 'brain zaps', overactive bladder and urinary inconsistency after discontinuation of the SNRI venlafaxine. In many of these symptoms a dysregulation in serotonergic activity has been implicated, with an important role of 5-HT 1A receptor downregulation and possible downstream effects on neurosteroid and oxytocin systems. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical presentation and development of symptoms are suggestive of PSSD but need further clinical elaboration. Further knowledge of post-treatment changes in serotonergic - and possibly noradrenergic - mechanisms is required to improve our understanding of the clinical complaints and to inform appropriate treatment regimes

The pathophysiology of Post SSRI Sexual Dysfunction – Lessons from a case study

Background: Although Post-SSRI Sexual Dysfunction (PSSD) has finally been recognized by the European Medicines Agency as a medical condition that can outlast discontinuation of SSRI and SNRI antidepressants, this condition is still largely unknown by patients, doctors, and researchers, and hence, poorly understood, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. Objective: Becoming familiar with the symptomatology of PSSD and understanding the underlying mechanisms and treatment options. Method: We applied a design thinking approach to innovation to 1) provide insights into the medical condition as well as the personal needs and pains of a targeted patient; and 2) generate ideas for new solutions from the perspective of this particular patient. These insights and ideas informed a literature search on the potential pathophysiological mechanisms that could underlie the patient’s symptoms. Results: The 55-year-old male patient developed symptoms of low libido, delayed ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, ‘brain zaps’, overactive bladder and urinary inconsistency after discontinuation of the SNRI venlafaxine. In many of these symptoms a dysregulation in serotonergic activity has been implicated, with an important role of 5-HT1A receptor downregulation and possible downstream effects on neurosteroid and oxytocin systems. Conclusions: The clinical presentation and development of symptoms are suggestive of PSSD but need further clinical elaboration. Further knowledge of post-treatment changes in serotonergic – and possibly noradrenergic – mechanisms is required to improve our understanding of the clinical complaints and to inform appropriate treatment regimes

Indirect comparisons of efficacy between combination approaches in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Context: There have been substantial changes in the management of men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) over the past 5 yr, with upfront combination therapies replacing androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) alone. A range of therapies have entered the space with no clear answer regarding their comparative efficacy. Objective: To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis to characterise the comparative efficacy of combination approaches in men with mHSPC. Evidence acquisition: We searched multiple databases and abstracts of major meetings up to June 2019 for randomised trials of patients receiving first-line therapy for metastatic disease, a combination of ADT and one (or more) of taxane-based chemotherapy, and androgen receptor-targeted therapies. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and we evaluated progression-free survival as a secondary outcome. We performed subgroup analysis based on the volume of disease. Evidence synthesis: We found seven trials that met our eligibility criteria using either docetaxel, abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, or apalutamide in combination with ADT. All agents in combination with ADT were shown to be superior to ADT alone; enzalutamide + ADT had the lowest absolute hazard ratio compared with ADT only (hazards ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.37–0.75), and an estimated 76.9% probability that it is the preferred treatment to prolong OS compared with other combination treatments, or with ADT alone. Enzalutamide appeared to have better OS compared with docetaxel in men with low-volume disease, but there was no difference in other comparisons. Conclusions: Combination therapy with any of docetaxel, abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, or apalutamide provides a significant OS benefit when compared with ADT alone. We did not identify significant differences in OS between different combination therapies. Subtle differences between these options provide clinicians considerable flexibility when selecting options for individual patients. Patient summary: Many men with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer should be managed with upfront combination therapy instead of androgen-deprivation therapy alone. Clinicians may consider many factors during the decision-making process, and thus management should be tailored for patients individually. Combination therapy with any of docetaxel, abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, or apalutamide provides a significant overall survival (OS) benefit when compared with androgen-deprivation therapy alone. We did not identify significant differences in OS between different combination therapies. Subtle differences between these options allow clinicians considerable flexibility when selecting options for individual patients

Likely clinical depression and HIV-related decline in antiretroviral therapy untreated women who seroconverted during participation in microbicide trials in sub-Saharan Africa

Depression worsens HIV outcomes in populations treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) medications. Data are limited on the relationship between depression and HIV in untreated populations in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to identify associations between likely clinical depression, alcohol use, social support by partners, and HIV viral load (VL) among ART untreated women who recently became HIV positive and enrolled in the Microbicide Trials Network (MTN)-015 study. Analyses used cross-sectional data collected at baseline in MTN-015. Participants in this analysis (N = 190) enrolled from other MTN trials were not receiving ART and provided data on their HIV disclosure status to their husband or male partner and alcohol use behavior. The dependent variable, VL, was categorized as: low (≤400 RNA copies/mL; 9.1% of participants), medium (401-20,000 RNA copies/mL; 48.8%), and high (>20,000 RNA copies/mL; 42.0%). Depression was assessed using eight items from Hopkins Symptom Checklist; a cutoff of ≥1.75 indicated likely clinical depression. Independent variables with a significance of p ≤ 0.05 in unadjusted regressions were included in a regression adjusted for age, education, and time since seroconversion. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with high VL, in the adjusted regression (OR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.07-3.01). Results suggest that likely having clinical depression may have a biological relationship with HIV disease progression