The Relationship Between Knee Moments and Function with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities in Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis

Introduction: The knee is the most affected weight-bearing joint by osteoarthritis. The kinetics parameters are correlated with the progression of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This study was done to investigate the relationship between kinetics parameters and functional tests with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) scores in people with moderate KOA. Materials and Methods: Twenty- three participants with moderate KOA participated in this study. Gait analysis involved the measurement of the external peak knee adduction moment (PKAM), peak knee flexion moment (PKFM), knee adduction moment impulse (KAM impulse), and knee flexion moment impulse (KFM impulse) during level walking. Functional tests included timed up and go (TUG) and figure of eight walkings (FO8W) tests. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to investigate the correlation between kinetics parameters and functional test scores with WOMAC total scores and sub-scores. Results: There was a significant inverse correlation between the first PKAM and WOMAC total score and pain sub-score (r=-0.43 P=0.03 and r=-0.6 P=0.002, respectively). Also, there was a significant inverse correlation between the second PKAM and pain sub-score (r=-0.46 P=0.02). There was no significant correlation between functional tests and WOMAC scores. Conclusion: The low score of the WOMAC in the moderate KOA should not be attributed to the low level of joint knee moments

Drugs Side Effects in Pregnant Women Infected with HIV Referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center Tehran, Iran 2009 – 2013

Objective: To have enough information about the prevalence of the ARV side effects in pregnant women infected with HIV and their infants and also evaluate drug efficacy in decreasing HIV infection in their children.Method: This descriptive study was based on information of 40 pregnant women infected with HIV files at voluntary and counseling center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran during 2009 -2013. In this study, we evaluated epidemiologic, demographic, clinical, laboratory data and drugs side effects,.Results: The most commonly used drug group was AZT/3TC/EFV; about 75.5% of patients received mother to child prevention and 27.5% received ARV Antiretroviral therapy treatment. 5% anemia, 2.5% rash and 2.5% pre rupture of membranes were reported and no preeclampsia or gestational diabetes were reported in patients files. Only one abortion (2.5%) was occurred in late first trimester. Except rash, other adverse effects were solely reported in ARV treatment group. All neonates had normal Apgar score. Fetal defects were not reported at birth.Conclusion: In this evaluation, safety of ARV in pregnancy period and at birth was observed especially in the group received prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT). So we advise ARV treatment or PMTCT in pregnancy period

High frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with SCCmec type III and spa type t030 in Karaj’s teaching hospitals, Iran

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been one of the most important antibiotic-resistant pathogen in many parts of the world over the past decades. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate MRSA isolated between July 2013 and July 2014 in Karaj, Iran. All tested isolates were collected in teaching hospitals from personnel, patients, and surfaces and each MRSA was analyzed by SCCmec and spa typing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was accomplished by disk diffusion method. Out of 49 MRSA isolates from the Karaj’s teaching hospitals, 82%, 10%, and 6% of the isolates were SCCmec types III, II, and I, respectively. The main spa type in this study was spa t030 with frequency as high as 75.5% from intensive care unit (ICU) of the hospitals and high rate of resistance to rifampicin (53%) was found in MRSA isolates. In conclusion, high frequency of spa t030 with SCCmec type III and MRSA phenotype illustrated circulating of one of the antibiotic-resistant strains in ICU of Karaj’s teaching hospitals and emphasizes the need for ongoing molecular surveillance, antibiotic susceptibility monitoring, and infection control

EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NANOTECHNOLOGYBASED NON-WOVEN FABRICS ON CORONA PANDEMIC

Description: Following the global spread of the COVID-19 virus, governments have desperately resorted to various methods such as social distancing, quarantine, telecommuting, cancellation of large gatherings, stay-at-home orders, and the mandatory use of masks. Despite the successful outcomes of these policies in controlling the number of patients, social distancing and quarantine policies have damaged the economy and people's lifestyles greatly. Therefore, countries now attempt to reduce social restrictions and recommend using masks to people. Masks in public places can reduce the risk of disease through inhaling infectious droplets. In other words, masks act as a barrier and significantly reduce the possibility of viral droplets entering our respiratory system. This library study aims to evaluate the performance of nonwoven fabrics used in respiratory masks and the effect of nanotechnology in increasing their quality to better control the coronavirus

Dataset of acute repeated sessions of bifrontal transcranial direct current stimulation for treatment of intractable tinnitus: A randomized controlled trial

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has reportedly shown promising therapeutic effects for tinnitus (Forogh et al., 2016; Joos et al., 2014) [1,2]. Studies are ongoing to determine optimum treatment protocol and the site of stimulation. Findings of the early studies are heterogeneous and most studies have focused on single session tDCS and short follow-up periods. There is no study on repeated sessions of tDCS with long term follow-up. This study presents the results of a randomized clinical trial investigating the therapeutic effects of acute multi-session tDCS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on tinnitus symptoms and comorbid depression and anxiety in patients with chronic intractable tinnitus. The dataset includes the demographic information, audiometric assessments, tinnitus specific characteristics, and the response variables of the study. The response variables included the scores of tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), tinnitus loudness and tinnitus related distress based on 0â10 numerical visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, beck depression inventory (BDI-II) and beck anxiety inventory (BAI) scores. The dataset included the scores of THI pre and immediately post intervention, and at one month follow-up; the tinnitus loudness and distress scores prior to intervention, and immediately, one hour, one week, and at one month after the last stimulation session. In addition, the BDI-II, and BAI scores pre and post intervention are included. The data of the real (n=25) and sham tDCS (n=17) groups are reported. The main manuscript of this dataset is 'Acute repeated sessions of bifrontal transcranial direct current stimulation for treatment of intractable tinnitus: a randomized controlled trial' (Bayat et al., submitted for publication) [3]. Keywords: Transcranial direct current stimulation, Acute stimulations, Tinnitus, Depression, Anxiety, DLPF

Repeated sessions of bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation on intractable tinnitus: a study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial [version 1; referees: 2 approved]

Background: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is reportedly a potential treatment option for chronic tinnitus. The main drawbacks of previous studies are short term follow up and focusing on the efficacy of single session tDCS. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic efficacy, adverse effects (AEs) and tolerability of repeated sessions of bilateral tDCS over auditory cortex (AC) on tinnitus symptoms Methods: This will be a double-blinded randomized placebo controlled parallel trial on patients (n=90) with intractable chronic tinnitus (> 2 years) randomly divided into three groups of anodal, cathodal, and sham tDCS. In the sham treatment, after 30 sec the device will be turned OFF without informing the patients. The tDCS protocol consists of 10 sessions (daily  20 min session; 2 mA current for 5 consecutive days per week and 2 consecutive weeks) applied through 35 cm2 electrodes. The primary outcome is tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) which will be assessed pre- and post-intervention and at one month follow-up. The secondary outcomes are tinnitus loudness and distress to be assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) pre-intervention, and immediately, one hour, one week, and one month after last stimulation. The AEs and tolerability of patients will be evaluated after each session using a customized questionnaire. Possible interactions between the disease features and treatment response will be evaluated.   Discussion: To our knowledge this is the first study to investigate the effects of repeated sessions of tDCS on chronic tinnitus symptoms with one month follow-up. In addition, the AEs, and tolerability of patients will be studied. In addition, the possible interactions between the disease specific features including the hearing loss, laterality, type of tinnitus, and treatment response will be evaluated.   Trial registration: The study has been registered as a clinical trial in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial (IRCT2016110124635N6) on the 01/06/2017

Central Odontogenic Fibroma of Mandible: A Case report

Background and Aims: Central odontogenic fibroma is a rare odontogenic neoplasm that originates from odontogenic ectomesenchyme. Most cases occur in the mandible and between the ages of 11 and 39 years. The neoplasm shows a definite female preponderance, with a ratio of 2.2:1 and has a very low recurrence rate. The aim of this article was to report a case of this rare lesion which was accidental found. Case Report: A 11-year-old female, during her orthodontic treatment and without any complain and any sign or symptoms, performed a panoramic image for assessing the permanent teeth buds. In the panoramic view a unilocular radiolucent lesion with well-defined and corticated borders in the right mandibular body region was evident. The lesion was treated with simple excision. Simple type of central odontogenic fibroma histopathologic features was observed in the microscopic view. Conclusion: Although the central odontogenic fibroma is a rare benign neoplasm, however, a careful evaluation of radiographic images is important for early detection of lesions because the patient may have no clinical symptoms such as swelling, pain and paresthesia

Parsian: A Model Including the Necessary Tools to Implement Patient Simulation in the Learning Managememt System

Introduction: Research has shown that although �Electronic Learning Approach� has played an important role in educational systems related to different industries and various scientific domains in the past decade and accepted by teachers and students, but it is not satisfactory in teaching Medicine domain. Refusing to use patient simulation systems in learning management system is the leading cause of this problem. The aim of this study is to evaluate the electronic learning components and strengths and weaknesses of virtual education to implement patient simulation and present a model consist of required components in order to implement patient simulation system. Methodology: In order to obtain components associated with E-learning models and various types of patient simulation systems, after carrying out a thorough search in books and accredited articles, resources analyzing and classifying procedures were accomplished in a scientific manner. Finally, Parsian model was delivered in order to implement patient simulation system. Discussion: Parsian Model provides powerful tools and techniques in three groups including: 1.software, 2. Techniques and Methods, 3. Medical Equipment, in order to implement patient simulation system in virtual education environment. It should be noted that in order to equip virtual education environment, medical informatics industry professionals can access to the tools of each group. Conclusion: The main reason of failure in the previous models of electronic learning in implementing patient simulation systems is non-referring to implementation tools which can lead to necessary results. It is anticipated that the real and achievable tools mentioned in Parsian model can implement all types of patient simulation