FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND MARKET-ORIENTED VALUE ADDING (MOVA)

This paper focuses on fisheries management systems as a motivation factor for market-oriented value adding (MOVA). Analytically, the paper relies on the marketing and industrial economics literature. It shows how established fisheries management systems reduce motivation for market-oriented value adding (MOVA) and thereby waste resource rent. An improved management model is introduced which motivates MOVA, cost-efficiency, sustainability, and fair social allocation. This model combines a Seasonal Quota Auction (SQA) and administrative allocation of licenses and quotas to communities or fisher groups. This model offers the following advantages in comparison with a pure Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) model: (i) increases resource rent without privatizing the fish resources to a few private holders; (ii) leases seasonal quotas instead of selling permanent quotas as with ITQ; (iii) improves rent generation by motivating the most market-oriented and efficient fishers by leasing quotas on credit; and (iv) offers the choice of collecting resource rent through fisher's cooperatives, regions, ITQ owners, government, or redistribution of rent as a bonus to all fishers.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Determinants and Effects of Reserve Prices in Hattrick Auctions

We use a unique hand collected data set of 6,258 auctions from the online football manager game Hattrick to study determinants and effects of reserve prices. We find that chosen reserve prices exhibit both very sophisticated and suboptimal behavior by the sellers. On the one hand, reserve prices are adjusted remarkably nuanced to the resulting sales price pattern. However, reserve prices are too clustered at zero and at multiples of e 50,000 as to be consistent with fully rational behavior. We recover the value distribution and simulate the loss in expected revenue from suboptimal reserve prices. Finally, we find evidence for the sunk cost fallacy as there is a substantial positive effect on the reserve price when the player has been acquired previously

Organizational remembering as a trigger for cultural change: exploring the episodic memories of a financial scandal

Organizational memory research has developed from the 'storage bin' model of memory towards emphasizing collective remembering. We advance this view by proposing organizational remembering not just as the process of evoking past events to reproduce traditions but also as a projection into the future using imagination. Empirically this is illustrated through the qualitative analysis of 27 episodic interviews with employees of a global financial institution, documents and the media coverage of the organization’s involvement in two well-publicized financial scandals. We explore the impact of the episodic memories of those events on employees' readiness for the cultural change programme launched by management after the scandals. The analysis shows how the negative media coverage of the organization generated a powerful dis-confirmation of its working practices among employees and how this was amplified by the strong emotional reactions remembering those events provoked. Management used both to re-frame the past in a narrative used to increase receptiveness to change. Yet the past was brought differently into the present by different organizational groups depending on the future each group imagined, counteracting the impact of the generic management narrative. The findings illustrate the collective, emotional and imaginative qualities of organizational remembering and provide new insights into the process of cultural change through the lens of memory showing how while memories may be shaped by management to respond to crisis, they can also become part of prospective and transformative change processes

72nd Annual Commencement

Loyola Law School Commencement Program. Degrees and academic awards given.https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/lls_commencement/1017/thumbnail.jp

Biallelic mutations in valyl-tRNA synthetase gene VARS are associated with a progressive neurodevelopmental epileptic encephalopathy.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) function to transfer amino acids to cognate tRNA molecules, which are required for protein translation. To date, biallelic mutations in 31 ARS genes are known to cause recessive, early-onset severe multi-organ diseases. VARS encodes the only known valine cytoplasmic-localized aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Here, we report seven patients from five unrelated families with five different biallelic missense variants in VARS. Subjects present with a range of global developmental delay, epileptic encephalopathy and primary or progressive microcephaly. Longitudinal assessment demonstrates progressive cortical atrophy and white matter volume loss. Variants map to the VARS tRNA binding domain and adjacent to the anticodon domain, and disrupt highly conserved residues. Patient primary cells show intact VARS protein but reduced enzymatic activity, suggesting partial loss of function. The implication of VARS in pediatric neurodegeneration broadens the spectrum of human diseases due to mutations in tRNA synthetase genes

Modifizierung von Polyoxoniobaten durch Integration von Übergangsmetallkomplexen: Raumtemperatursynthesen und Charakterisierung der Reaktionsprodukte

Polyoxoniobate (PONbs) sind eine Untergruppe der Polyoxometallate (POMs), die durch Kondensations-Reaktionen von {NbO6}-Oktaedern Cluster-Einheiten bilden und eine bemerkenswerte Strukturvielfalt aufweisen. Die häufig hoch negativ geladenen Cluster-Anionen können durch Übergangsmetallkomplexe funktionalisiert und dadurch deren Strukturvielfakt erweitert werden. Die Ziele dieser Arbeit waren, PONbs durch die Integration von Übergansmetallkomplexen mit makrocyclischen Amin-Liganden zu funktionalisieren und den Einfluss der Gegenionen verschiedener Hexaniobat-Precursoren auf die Produktbildung zu untersuchen. Da PONbs überwiegend im basischen pH-Bereich gebildet werden, müssen die Übergansmetallkomplexe unter den gegebenen Bedingungen stabil genug sein, so dass die Metall-Kationen nicht als Hydroxide ausgefällt werden. Um die Übergangsmetallkomplexe kovalent an dem PONb-Cluster anzubinden, müssen die Komplexe koordinativ nicht abgesättigt sein oder labile Liganden aufweisen, welche während der chemischen Reaktion abgespalten werden. Diese Vorrausetzungen werden von Komplexen mit dem makrocyclischen Liganden cyclam (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecan) erfüllt und neue Hexaniobat-Verbindungen konnten bei der Verwendung von cyclam hergestellt werden. Wegen der besonders hohen Komplexstabilität wurden zunächst Lösungen des [Hg(cyclam)]2+-Komplexes und des Hexaniobates zur Reaktion gebracht und die Verbindung {[Hg(cyclam)]6Nb6O19}(NO3)4 · 14 H2O konnte auf diesem Weg synthetisiert werden. Dabei handelt es sich um das erste PONb mit integrierten Hg2+-Kationen und da sechs [Hg(cyclam)]2+-Komplexe über Hg-O-Bindungen am Anion angebunden sind, entsteht ein positiv geladener Cluster. Bei der Verwendung von in-situ generiertem [Fe(cyclam)]3+-Komplex und einem Hexaniobat-Salz wurde die Verbindung {[Fe(cyclam)]3Nb7O22} · ≈ 19 H2O erhalten. In der Struktur wird der Heptaniobat-Cluster beobachtet, welcher als Intermediat bei der Umwandlung von Hexaniobaten in Decaniobate identifiziert wurde. Durch die kovalente Bindung von drei [Fe(cyclam)]3+-Komplexen an den Cluster über Fe-O-Bindungen konnte diese Cluster-Einheit abgefangen und zum ersten Mal in isolierter Form kristallisiert und charakterisiert werden. Bei der Reaktion von [Ni(cyclam)]2+-Komplexen konnten je nach eingesetztem Alkalimetall-Hexaniobat-Precursor verschiedene Produkte erhalten werden. Durch die Integration des Alkalimetall-Kations in die Kristallstruktur konnten die fünf isostrukturellen Hexaniobate M[Ni(cyclam)]{[Ni(cyclam)]H3Nb6O19} · x H2O (M = Li, Na, K, Rb und Cs) synthetisiert werden. Die [Ni(cyclam)]2+-Komplexe bilden Ketten mit den Hexaniobat-Anionen, welche dann schichtartig angeordnet sind. Zwischen den Schichten aus Clustern und Komplexen befinden sich Wassermoleküle, welche zu größeren Aggregaten über O-H···Bindungen angeordnet sind. Bei der Reaktion des Hexaniobates mit dem Lithium- und Natrium-Salz konnte die Nebenphase {Ni(cyclam)}2H4Nb6O19} · 12 H2O isoliert werden. Durch die unterschiedliche Assoziation von Alkalimetall-Kationen an das Hexaniobat-Anion in Lösung kann diese Verbindung nur mit dem Li- und Na-Salz hergestellt werden. Anstelle von Ketten werden zwei topologisch identische 3D-Netzwerke gebildet, welche sich gegenseitig durchdringen. Mit [Pd(cyclam)]2+- und [Pt(cyclam)]2+-Komplexen wurden zwei Polyoxoniobate mit den Zusammensetzungen [M(cyclam)]2.5{H3Nb6O19} · x H2O (M = Pd und Pt) erhalten. Die Cluster-Anionen sind von Komplexen und Wassermolekülen umgeben und bilden eine schichtartige Anordnung. Beide Verbindungen zeigen eine hohe Aktivität in der photokatalytischen Wasserstoffentwicklung. Bei der Verwendung von 1,10-Phenantrolin (phen) konnte die Verbindung {[Cu(phen)]2[Cu(phen)2]2Nb6O19} · 24 H2O synthetisiert werden. Der Ligand phen bildet mit Cu2+-Kationen stabile Komplexe, so dass Nebenreaktionen unwahrscheinlich sind. In der Struktur werden Schichten beobachtet, zwischen denen H2O eingelagert ist. Der große Wassergehalt führt dazu, dass H2O-Moleküle bereits unter ambienten Bedingungen abgegeben werden. Dabei werden strukturelle Änderungen beobachtet, die durch rehydratisieren der Verbindung rückgängig gemacht werden können.Polyoxoniobates (PONbs) are a subgroup of polyoxometalates (POMs), which form cluster moieties through condensation reactions of {NbO6} octahedra with an incredible structural diversity. The highly negatively charged cluster anions can be functionalized and structurally expanded by the integration of transition metal complexes. The aim of this work was the functionalization of polyoxoniobates by integration of transition metal complexes, coordinated by macrocyclic amine ligands and the investigation of the influence of different hexaniobate precursors onto the product formation. Because PONbs are mainly formed in basic pH media, the transition metal complexes have to be stable under the given conditions, and precipitation as hydroxides must be avoided. Additionally, the complexes should not be coordinatively saturated, enabling covalent bond formation to oxygen atoms of the polyoxoniobate cluster. These requirements are met by transition metal cations surrounded by the macrocyclic ligand cyclam (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane). The [Hg(cyclam)]2+ complex shows an extremely high complex stability and reacting this complex with the hexaniobate anion achieved crystallization of the new compound {[Hg(cyclam)]6Nb6O19}(NO3)4 · 14 H2O. This compound is the first PONb with integrated Hg2+ cations and because six [Hg(cyclam)]2+ complexes are bonded via Hg-O bridges to the anion, the normally anionic clusters are charged positively. By using the in-situ generated [Fe(cyclam)]3+ complex the new compound {[Fe(cyclam)]3Nb7O22} · ≈ 19 H2O was obtained. In this structure the heptaniobate moiety is found, which was detected during the conversion of a decaniobate into a hexaniobate. By the covalent attachment of three [Fe(cyclam)]3+ complexes, this cluster could be captured and was crystallized for the first time as an isolated moiety. Depending on the alkali metal hexaniobate precursor, different products could be obtained when reacting with [Ni(cyclam)]2+ complexes. The alkali metal cation is integrated in the crystal structure and five isostructural hexaniobates M[Ni(cyclam)]{[Ni(cyclam)]H3Nb6O19} · x H2O (M = Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) were obtained. The Ni2+ cations of the [Ni(cyclam)]2+ complexes have Ni-O bonds to the anion thus generating chains consisting of alternating cations and anions. The chains are arranged in layers and water molecules are located between the layers. Using the lithium or sodium salt of the hexaniobate, a byproduct could be isolated as compound {Ni(cyclam)}2H4Nb6O19} · 12 H2O. Caused by the different association behavior of alkali metal cations and hexaniobate anions in solution, this compound could only be crystallized with the Li or Na salt. Two 3D networks consist of interconnected cluster anions and complexes exhibiting identical topologies, which characterize the crystal structure. Both networks interpenetrate each other without covalent bonding and crystal water molecules fill empty spaces. When [Pd(cyclam)]2+ and [Pt(cyclam)]2+ complexes are used, two polyoxoniobates with the formula [M(cyclam)]2.5{H3Nb6O19} · x H2O (M = Pd and Pt) crystallized. The complexes containing the transition metal cations in a square planar coordination environment surround the cluster anions. Both compounds show a high activity in photocatalytical hydrogen evolution reactions. For the synthesis of {[Cu(phen)]2[Cu(phen)2]2Nb6O19} · 24 H2O the aromatic ligand 1,10-phenatroline (phen) was used, which forms stable complexes with Cu2+ cations. The obtained compound shows a layered structure, where some included water molecules are emitted under ambient conditions, accompanied by structural changes, which are reversed upon rehydration

PAU Commencement – Spring 1973

https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/edinburglegacycommencement/1035/thumbnail.jp