Novel Solution for Multi-connectivity 5G-mmW Positioning

\ua9 2018 IEEE. The forthcoming fifth generation (5G) systems with high beamforming gain antenna units, millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands together with massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques are key components for accurate positioning methods. In this paper, we propose the positioning technique that is relying on the sparsity in the MIMO-OFDM channel in time and spatial domains, together with effective beamforming methods. We will study the proposed solution in a multi-connectivity context, which has been considered so far for the purpose of improving the user equipment (UE) communication data rate. We utilize the multi-connectivity for positioning, in order to improve robustness to measurement errors and increase positioning service continuity. In particular, we show that when a UE that has connectivity to more base stations, the total power and delay needed for positioning can be reduced

Performance Analysis of Hybrid 5G-GNSS Localization

\ua9 2018 IEEE. We consider a novel positioning solution combining millimeter wave (mmW) 5G and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technologies. The study is carried out theoretically by deriving the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) of a combined 5G-GNSS positioning system and, subsequently, the position, rotation and clock-bias error lower bounds. We pursue a two-step approach, namely, computing first the FIM for the channel parameters, and then transforming it into the FIM of the position, rotation and clock-bias. The analysis shows advantages of the hybrid positioning in terms of i) localization accuracy, ii) coverage, iii) precise rotation estimation and iv) clock-error estimation. In other words, we demonstrate that a tight coupling of the two technologies can provide mutual benefits

Methodology for simulating 5G and GNSS high-accuracy positioning

This paper focuses on the exploitation of fifth generation (5G) centimetre-wave (cmWave) and millimetre-wave (mmWave) transmissions for high-accuracy positioning, in order to complement the availability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in harsh environments, such as urban canyons. Our goal is to present a representative methodology to simulate and assess their hybrid positioning capabilities over outdoor urban, suburban and rural scenarios. A novel scenario definition is proposed to integrate the network density of 5G deployments with the visibility masks of GNSS satellites, which helps to generate correlated scenarios of both technologies. Then, a generic and representative modeling of the 5G and GNSS observables is presented for snapshot positioning, which is suitable for standard protocols. The simulations results indicate that GNSS drives the achievable accuracy of its hybridisation with 5G cmWave, because non-line-of-sight (NLoS) conditions can limit the cmWave localization accuracy to around 20 m. The 5G performance is significantly improved with the use of mmWave positioning with dominant line-of-sight (LoS) conditions, which can even achieve sub-meter localization with one or more base stations. Therefore, these results show that NLoS conditions need to be weighted in 5G localization, in order to complement and outperform GNSS positioning over urban environments

Convergent Communication, Sensing and Localization in 6G Systems: An Overview of Technologies, Opportunities and Challenges

Herein, we focus on convergent 6G communication, localization and sensing systems by identifying key technology enablers, discussing their underlying challenges, implementation issues, and recommending potential solutions. Moreover, we discuss exciting new opportunities for integrated localization and sensing applications, which will disrupt traditional design principles and revolutionize the way we live, interact with our environment, and do business. Regarding potential enabling technologies, 6G will continue to develop towards even higher frequency ranges, wider bandwidths, and massive antenna arrays. In turn, this will enable sensing solutions with very fine range, Doppler, and angular resolutions, as well as localization to cm-level degree of accuracy. Besides, new materials, device types, and reconfigurable surfaces will allow network operators to reshape and control the electromagnetic response of the environment. At the same time, machine learning and artificial intelligence will leverage the unprecedented availability of data and computing resources to tackle the biggest and hardest problems in wireless communication systems. As a result, 6G will be truly intelligent wireless systems that will provide not only ubiquitous communication but also empower high accuracy localization and high-resolution sensing services. They will become the catalyst for this revolution by bringing about a unique new set of features and service capabilities, where localization and sensing will coexist with communication, continuously sharing the available resources in time, frequency, and space. This work concludes by highlighting foundational research challenges, as well as implications and opportunities related to privacy, security, and trust

On the utilization of MIMO-OFDM channel sparsity for accurate positioning

Abstract Recent results have revealed that MIMO channels at high carrier frequencies exhibit sparsity structure, i.e., a few dominant propagation paths. Also channel parameters, namely angular information and propagation delay can be modelled with the physical location of the transmitter, receiver and scatters. In this paper, we leverage these features into the development of a single base-station localization algorithm, and show that the location of an unknown device can be estimated with an accuracy below a meter based on pilot signalling with a OFDM transmission. The method relies on the utilization of the “Adaptive-LASSO” optimization method, in which an ℓ1-based minimization problem is solved by adapting the sparsifying matrix (dictionary) and the sparse vector jointly. Then the location of the device is estimated from the parameters of the sparsifying matrix. Finally, the positioning method is evaluated in different channel setting utilizing a ray-tracing channel model at 28GHz

Synthesis of novel zwitterionic cellulose beads by oxidation and coupling chemistry in water

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. The design and synthesis of polysaccharide-based materials utilizing a systematic approach is essential to develop sustainable and biodegradable value added products. In this work, new zwitterionic cellulose beads of desired size range were prepared via spin drop atomization followed by sol gel transition technique. Carboxylic acid (COOH) and carbonyl (C=O) moieties were generated using NaClO2/NaClO/TEMPO mediated oxidation system under heterogenous reaction conditions. Coupling reaction between carboxymethyl trimethylammonium chloride hydrazide (Girard’s reagent T) and carbonyl functionalities on cellulose resulted in the formation of stable hydrazone groups. A variation in molar ratio of NaClO2, NaClO and TEMPO were studied to understand the effect of each reagent on the generation of oxidized products. COOH and C=O content was determined by conductometric titrations and oximation with hydroxylamine hydrochloride followed by elemental analysis, respectively. Evidence of functionalization was obtained with ATR-FTIR, Raman, solid state 13C NMR spectroscopic studies and ToF–SIMS analysis. Morphological changes were studied by FE-SEM. The increased porosity and hydrophilicity of zwitterionic beads provides a platform for the future application of these beads in separation of biomolecules, chiral molecules, immobilization of proteins and enzymes and encapsulation of zwitterionic drugs.status: publishe

Ultra-wideband signal impact on IEEE802.11b and Bluetooth performances. The

Abstract — This paper presents the results of a co-existence study investigating the impact of ultra wideband (UWB) interference on IEEE802.11b and Bluetooth networks. Results are based on the experimental test measurements made at the University of Oulu, Finland using simple high power UWB transmitter prototypes as interference sources. Preliminary results showed that, under the extreme conditions of this experiment, both IEEE802.11b and Bluetooth networks will slightly suffer from the existence of several high proximity UWB signals. In our study, several high power UWB transmitters that greatly exceed the FCC radiation regulations have been used, and the measurement settings presents the worst case scenario due to the very short distance between the interferers and the victim system. Effectively our study indicates the use of hundreds of FCC compatible UWB devices at a same space. Keywords; co-existence, Bluetooth, IEEE802.11b, throughput, ultra wideband, WLA

Comparison of different beamtraining strategies from a rate-positioning trade-off perspective

Abstract In next generation of mobile networks, the 5G, millimeter-wave communication is considered one of the key technologies. It allows high data rate as well as the utilization of large antennas for massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and beamforming. However, it is mandatory that transmitter and receiver perform a training of their beams in order to gain all the benefits of a large array gain. In this paper, we study the impact of the beamtraining overhead on the data rate when an exhaustive or hierarchical strategy is used. Also, we show that the beamtraining phase can be used for positioning and, in this regard, we study the trade-off between positioning and data rate