4,619 research outputs found
Measurement and testing problems experienced during FAA's emissions testing of general aviation piston engines
The importance of measuring accurate air and fuel flows as well as the importance of obtaining accurate exhaust pollutant measurements were emphasized. Some of the problems and the corrective actions taken to incorporate fixes and/or modifications were identified
Velocity profiles in shear-banding wormlike micelles
Using Dynamic Light Scattering in heterodyne mode, we measure velocity
profiles in a much studied system of wormlike micelles (CPCl/NaSal) known to
exhibit both shear-banding and stress plateau behavior. Our data provide
evidence for the simplest shear-banding scenario, according to which the
effective viscosity drop in the system is due to the nucleation and growth of a
highly sheared band in the gap, whose thickness linearly increases with the
imposed shear rate. We discuss various details of the velocity profiles in all
the regions of the flow curve and emphasize on the complex, non-Newtonian
nature of the flow in the highly sheared band.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Energetics, skeletal dynamics and long-term predictions in Kolmogorov-Lorenz systems
We study a particular return map for a class of low dimensional chaotic
models called Kolmogorov Lorenz systems, which received an elegant general
Hamiltonian description and includes also the famous Lorenz63 case, from the
viewpoint of energy and Casimir balance. In particular it is considered in
detail a subclass of these models, precisely those obtained from the Lorenz63
by a small perturbation on the standard parameters, which includes for example
the forced Lorenz case in Ref.[6]. The paper is divided into two parts. In the
first part the extremes of the mentioned state functions are considered, which
define an invariant manifold, used to construct an appropriate Poincare surface
for our return map. From the experimental observation of the simple orbital
motion around the two unstable fixed points, together with the circumstance
that these orbits are classified by their energy or Casimir maximum, we
construct a conceptually simple skeletal dynamics valid within our sub class,
reproducing quite well the Lorenz map for Casimir. This energetic approach
sheds some light on the physical mechanism underlying regime transitions. The
second part of the paper is devoted to the investigation of a new type of
maximum energy based long term predictions, by which the knowledge of a
particular maximum energy shell amounts to the knowledge of the future
(qualitative) behaviour of the system. It is shown that, in this respect, a
local analysis of predictability is not appropriate for a complete
characterization of this behaviour. A perspective on the possible extensions of
this type of predictability analysis to more realistic cases in (geo)fluid
dynamics is discussed at the end of the paper.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figure
Cognitive Function is Unaffected during Acute Hypoxic Exposure but was Improved Following Exercise
International Journal of Exercise Science 15(5): 1481-1491, 2022. To investigate the effects of two levels of acute hypoxic exposure and exercise compared to normoxia on the Stroop color word test. A total of 14 (4 females and 10 males) active participants with a self-reported (mean±SEM) 8.54±1.44 h/week of physical activity, performed a 3-repetition maximum hex/trap bar deadlift, Hand-Release Push-Up, and Leg Tuck events from the Army Combat Fitness Test at normoxia and normobaric hypoxia of fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 16% and 14.3%. The Stroop color-word test was administered on a touch screen device before and after the exercise battery, where participants were given congruent (word and ink color matching) and incongruent (non-matching) prompts. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate were recorded at pre- and post-exercise. Variables obtained from the Stroop color word test were not influenced as a result of acute hypoxic exposure but did improve after an exercise battery. Peripheral oxygen saturation was greater during normoxia compared to acute hypoxic exposure which indicated a systemic change in oxygenation. The results of the present study indicated that the Stroop color-word test is not influenced by an FiO2 16% or 14.3%, however, exercise did improve Stroop score and response time
Shear-banding in a lyotropic lamellar phase, Part 2: Temporal fluctuations
We analyze the temporal fluctuations of the flow field associated to a
shear-induced transition in a lyotropic lamellar phase: the layering transition
of the onion texture. In the first part of this work [Salmon et al., submitted
to Phys. Rev. E], we have evidenced banded flows at the onset of this
shear-induced transition which are well accounted for by the classical picture
of shear-banding. In the present paper, we focus on the temporal fluctuations
of the flow field recorded in the coexistence domain. These striking dynamics
are very slow (100--1000s) and cannot be due to external mechanical noise.
Using velocimetry coupled to structural measurements, we show that these
fluctuations are due to a motion of the interface separating the two
differently sheared bands. Such a motion seems to be governed by the
fluctuations of , the local stress at the interface between the
two bands. Our results thus provide more evidence for the relevance of the
classical mechanical approach of shear-banding even if the mechanism leading to
the fluctuations of remains unclear
Variational principle for frozen-in vortex structures interacting with sound waves
General properties of conservative hydrodynamic-type models are treated from
positions of the canonical formalism adopted for liquid continuous media, with
applications to the compressible Eulerian hydrodynamics, special- and
general-relativistic fluid dynamics, and two-fluid plasma model including the
Hall-magnetohydrodynamics. A variational formulation is found for motion and
interaction of frozen-in localized vortex structures and acoustic waves in a
special description where dynamical variables are, besides the Eulerian fields
of the fluid density and the potential component of the canonical momentum,
also the shapes of frozen-in lines of the generalized vorticity. This
variational principle can serve as a basis for approximate dynamical models
with reduced number of degrees of freedom.Comment: 7 pages, revtex4, no figure
Complete analysis of phase transitions and ensemble equivalence for the Curie-Weiss-Potts model
Using the theory of large deviations, we analyze the phase transition structure of the Curie–Weiss–Potts spin model, which is a mean-field approximation to the nearest-neighbor Potts model. It is equivalent to the Potts model on the complete graph on n vertices. The analysis is carried out both for the canonical ensemble and the microcanonical ensemble. Besides giving explicit formulas for the microcanonical entropy and for the equilibrium macrostates with respect to the two ensembles, we analyze ensemble equivalence and nonequivalence at the level of equilibrium macrostates, relating these to concavity and support properties of the microcanonical entropy. The Curie–Weiss–Potts model is the first statistical mechanical model for which such a detailed and rigorous analysis has been carried out
Total Degree Formula for the Generic Offset to a Parametric Surface
We provide a resultant-based formula for the total degree w.r.t. the spatial
variables of the generic offset to a parametric surface. The parametrization of
the surface is not assumed to be proper.Comment: Preprint of an article to be published at the International Journal
of Algebra and Computation, World Scientific Publishing,
DOI:10.1142/S021819671100680
- …